India: A History. Revised and Updated (125 page)

Read India: A History. Revised and Updated Online

Authors: John Keay

Tags: #Eurasian History, #Asian History, #India, #v.5, #Amazon.com, #Retail, #History

Namazga Culture of Turkestan,
15
Nana Phadnavis, 18th c minister of several Pune peshwas,
405
–6,
407
,
408
Nana Sahib, adopted son of peshwa Baji Rao II,
413
,
433
,
440
–2,
444
Nanak, Guru, first Sikh guru,
100
,
316
Nandas, 4th c
BC
dynasty of Magadha,
70
,
73
,
78
–9,
80
,
82
,
83
,
102
,
120
Nandangarh, Bengal,
179
Naoroji, Dadabhai, Congress president,
450
,
453
,
455
,
459
,
466
Napier, Major-General Sir Charles, British conqueror of Sind,
419
–20
Napoleon,
400
,
414
,
421
–2
Narain, Raj, socialist politician,
552
,
574
,
575
Narasimha Tuluva, 15–16th c Vijayanagar king,
303
Narasimha-varman I, 7th c Pallava king,
172
,
174
Narasimha-varman II, 8th c Pallava king,
174
Narayan J.P., Gandhian activist & reformer,
573
–5
Narmada River,
xxv
,
84
,
90
,
126
,
192
,
227
,
357
Narwar, Madhya Pradesh,
239
,
289
Nasik, Maharashtra,
125
,
131
Nasir-ud-Din, son of Slave Sultan Iltumish,
244
Natal, S. Africa,
452
Nayaks, military commanders of the Vijayanagar kingdom & later independent rulers,
305
,
307
,
308
,
337
Naxalites, Maoist guerillas,
587
Nazimuddin, Kwaja, Pakistani prime minister,
528
,
546
Negapatnam, Tamil Nadu,
223
Nehru, Jawaharlal, Prime Minister,
56
–7,
89
,
137
,
426
,
453
,
481
,
483
,
484
–6,
491
,
494
,
498
,
501
,
502
–3,
512
,
513
,
514
–7,
521
,
527
,
529
,
530
–6,
551
Nehru, Motilal, President of Congress Party,
477
,
482
,
486
Nepal,
64
,
97
,
135
,
137
,
194
,
415
,
587
Nicobar Islands,
222
Nikitin, Athanasius, 15th c Russian visitor,
277
,
284
Nizam Ali, 18th c Nawab/Nizam of Hyderabad,
395
Nizam-ud-Din Auliya, Delhi Shaikh,
263
Nizam-ul-Mulk, Mughal governor & then Nawab in the Deccan,
363
,
368
–70,
377
,
379
,
395
Non-Alignment,
532
–4,
566
Northern Areas (Pakistan),
516
Northern Circars, coastal belt in Andhra Pradesh,
381
,
393
–4
North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan,
462
–3,
499
,
500
,
518
,
566
,
592
,
593
,
596
Nuclear weapons,
515
,
563
–4,
566
,
584
–5,
592
,
602
Nur Jahan, Jahangir’s queen,
332
–4
Oc-Eo, Indian site in Vietnam,
124
Odantapuri, Bihar,
244
O’Dwyer, Sir Michael, Lieutenant-Governor of Panjab,
475
Ojhri explosion (1988),
583
–4
Omirah
, the nobility, the class of
amirs
,
313
Operation Bluestar (1984),
579
–80
Operation Searchlight (1971),
556
–7,
565
Opium,
448
Orchha, Madhya Pradesh,
443
Organisation of Islamic countries,
566
Orissa,
50
,
70
,
91
,
106
,
166
,
170
,
176
,
220
,
271
–2,
287
–8,
303
,
318
,
388
,
416
,
464
,
490
Oudh,
see
Awadh
Oxus River,
10
,
71
Paes, Domingo, 16th c Portuguese visitor to Vijayanagar,
304
Pagan, Burma,
194
Paharpur, Bengal,
179
,
193
Pahlavas, ‘Parthians’,
109
Paithan, Maharashtra,
127
Pakistan,
7
,
56
–7,
113
–7,
183
,
234
,
416
,
459
,
496
–7,
499
,
500
,
502
–3,
506
,
511
–24,
536
,
537
–49,
551
–60,
561
,
565
–9,
583
,
585
,
589
–96
Pakistan People’s Party,
549
,
555
–60,
566
–9
Pal, Bipin Chandra, radical Bengali journalist,
467
Palas, 8–11th c dynasty in Bengal,
192
–4,
199
,
220
Pali language,
87
Palkhed, battle of (1728),
368
Pallavas, 5–9th c dynasty of Tamil Nadu,
110
,
137
,
156
,
170
,
172
–7,
190
,
192
,
215
Panchala, tribe & territory in the Doab,
108
Pandavas, sons of Pandu, heroes of
Mahabharata
,
39
,
41
,
42
,
44
,
46
Pandyas, long-lasting dynasty of Madurai,
119
,
120
,
121
,
170
,
172
,
199
,
215
,
218
,
220
,
223
,
252
,
258
Panhala, Maharashtra,
352
,
354
Panini, Sanskrit grammarian,
60
–1,
71
,
103
,
153
Panipat, battles of (1526, 1556 & 1761),
292
–3,
301
,
310
,
386
,
403
–4
Panjab,
xxiv
,
21
,
26
,
43
,
57
–61,
70
–7,
82
,
84
–5,
106
–12,
144
,
202
–5,
225
–6,
233
–5,
247
,
256
,
288
,
289
–90,
316
–7,
361
,
362
,
385
,
417
,
420
–4,
445
,
472
,
473
,
475
–7,
492
,
499
,
505
–9,
517
–24,
539
,
547
,
567
,
572
,
577
–80
Panth
, the Sikh brotherhood,
317
,
360
–1
Paramaharajadhiraja
, ‘king of all other great kings’,
134
Paramaras, rajput lineage & rulers of Malwa,
201
,
226
–30,
257
Paramesvara
, ‘lord of other [lords]’,
169
,
195
,
197
Parantaka, 10th c Chola king,
215
Parsees, Zoroastrian community,
455
Parthia, eastern Iran,
102
,
109
,
110
Partition, of India in 1947 & Pakistan in 1971,
56
–7,
502
,
506
–9,
510
–11,
517
–24,
526
–7,
558
,
577
,
585
Pataligrama
see
Pataliputra
Pataliputra, Bihar,
xx
,
68
–9,
79
,
80
,
82
–3,
85
,
90
,
96
,
97
,
100
,
104
–5,
108
,
135
,
146
Patan
see
Anhilwara
Patanjali, Sanskrit grammarian,
103
,
153
Patel, Vallabhai, Congress leader,
472
,
505
,
515
,
521
Pathans,
514
,
566
,
587
,
593
,
595
Patna, Bihar,
69
,
386
Pattadakal, Karnataka,
169
,
174
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, The
, 1st c ad description of Indian Ocean,
121
,
126
,
127
,
130
Persepolis, Iran,
57
,
71
Peshawar, North-West Frontier,
26
–7,
95
,
114
,
158
,
206
,
419
,
420
,
592
Peshwas of Pune, Maratha ministers & rulers,
see
Baji Rao, Balaji Vishvanath,
etc.
Pindaris, 19th c freebooters,
411
–3
Pir Panjal, outer range of Himalayas (
q.v.
)
Pitt, Thomas, Governor of Madras,
373
–4,
376
Plantations,
448
–9
Plassey, battle of (1757),
381
,
390
Pliny the Elder, Roman author,
121
Plutarch, Greek historian,
78
,
79
Polilur, Tamil Nadu, battle of (1780),
172
,
396
–7
Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu,
121
,
377
,
379
,
393
,
394
,
467
,
533
Poona
see
Pune
Population,
320
,
586
Portuguese,
287
,
305
–6,
317
,
323
,
348
,
355
,
373
,
533
–4
Porus, king, adversary of Alexander the Great,
72
–3,
82
Pottery: Black and Red Ware,
42
,
43
Harappan,
8
,
12
,
13
,
14
Northern Black Polished,
51
–2;
Ochre Glazed,
37
Painted Grey Ware,
42
,
43
Roman,
121
–3
Prabhakara-Vardhana, father of Harsha,
162
Prabhavati, daughter of Chandra-Gupta II & Vakataka queen,
142
Prambanam, Java,
194
Prasad, Rajendra, President,
472
,
482
Prasenajit, 5th c
BC
King of Koshala,
66
,
67
Pratabgarh, Maharashtra,
351
Pratapa-Rudra, 14th c Kakatiya king,
258
,
263
Pratihara
, ‘gate-keeper’, a rajput dynasty,
202
, &
see
Gurjara-Pratiharas
Prayaga (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh,
135
,
165
President’s/Governor’s Rule, constitutional device,
526
,
530
,
542
,
575
,
576
–7,
601
,
603

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