India: A History. Revised and Updated (125 page)

Namazga Culture of Turkestan,
15

Nana Phadnavis, 18th c minister of several Pune peshwas,
405
–6,
407
,
408

Nana Sahib, adopted son of peshwa Baji Rao II,
413
,
433
,
440
–2,
444

Nanak, Guru, first Sikh guru,
100
,
316

Nandas, 4th c
BC
dynasty of Magadha,
70
,
73
,
78
–9,
80
,
82
,
83
,
102
,
120

Nandangarh, Bengal,
179

Naoroji, Dadabhai, Congress president,
450
,
453
,
455
,
459
,
466

Napier, Major-General Sir Charles, British conqueror of Sind,
419
–20

Napoleon,
400
,
414
,
421
–2

Narain, Raj, socialist politician,
552
,
574
,
575

Narasimha Tuluva, 15–16th c Vijayanagar king,
303

Narasimha-varman I, 7th c Pallava king,
172
,
174

Narasimha-varman II, 8th c Pallava king,
174

Narayan J.P., Gandhian activist & reformer,
573
–5

Narmada River,
xxv
,
84
,
90
,
126
,
192
,
227
,
357

Narwar, Madhya Pradesh,
239
,
289

Nasik, Maharashtra,
125
,
131

Nasir-ud-Din, son of Slave Sultan Iltumish,
244

Natal, S. Africa,
452

Nayaks, military commanders of the Vijayanagar kingdom & later independent rulers,
305
,
307
,
308
,
337

Naxalites, Maoist guerillas,
587

Nazimuddin, Kwaja, Pakistani prime minister,
528
,
546

Negapatnam, Tamil Nadu,
223

Nehru, Jawaharlal, Prime Minister,
56
–7,
89
,
137
,
426
,
453
,
481
,
483
,
484
–6,
491
,
494
,
498
,
501
,
502
–3,
512
,
513
,
514
–7,
521
,
527
,
529
,
530
–6,
551

Nehru, Motilal, President of Congress Party,
477
,
482
,
486

Nepal,
64
,
97
,
135
,
137
,
194
,
415
,
587

Nicobar Islands,
222

Nikitin, Athanasius, 15th c Russian visitor,
277
,
284

Nizam Ali, 18th c Nawab/Nizam of Hyderabad,
395

Nizam-ud-Din Auliya, Delhi Shaikh,
263

Nizam-ul-Mulk, Mughal governor & then Nawab in the Deccan,
363
,
368
–70,
377
,
379
,
395

Non-Alignment,
532
–4,
566

Northern Areas (Pakistan),
516

Northern Circars, coastal belt in Andhra Pradesh,
381
,
393
–4

North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan,
462
–3,
499
,
500
,
518
,
566
,
592
,
593
,
596

Nuclear weapons,
515
,
563
–4,
566
,
584
–5,
592
,
602

Nur Jahan, Jahangir’s queen,
332
–4

Oc-Eo, Indian site in Vietnam,
124

Odantapuri, Bihar,
244

O’Dwyer, Sir Michael, Lieutenant-Governor of Panjab,
475

Ojhri explosion (1988),
583
–4

Omirah
, the nobility, the class of
amirs
,
313

Operation Bluestar (1984),
579
–80

Operation Searchlight (1971),
556
–7,
565

Opium,
448

Orchha, Madhya Pradesh,
443

Organisation of Islamic countries,
566

Orissa,
50
,
70
,
91
,
106
,
166
,
170
,
176
,
220
,
271
–2,
287
–8,
303
,
318
,
388
,
416
,
464
,
490

Oudh,
see
Awadh

Oxus River,
10
,
71

Paes, Domingo, 16th c Portuguese visitor to Vijayanagar,
304

Pagan, Burma,
194

Paharpur, Bengal,
179
,
193

Pahlavas, ‘Parthians’,
109

Paithan, Maharashtra,
127

Pakistan,
7
,
56
–7,
113
–7,
183
,
234
,
416
,
459
,
496
–7,
499
,
500
,
502
–3,
506
,
511
–24,
536
,
537
–49,
551
–60,
561
,
565
–9,
583
,
585
,
589
–96

Pakistan People’s Party,
549
,
555
–60,
566
–9

Pal, Bipin Chandra, radical Bengali journalist,
467

Palas, 8–11th c dynasty in Bengal,
192
–4,
199
,
220

Pali language,
87

Palkhed, battle of (1728),
368

Pallavas, 5–9th c dynasty of Tamil Nadu,
110
,
137
,
156
,
170
,
172
–7,
190
,
192
,
215

Panchala, tribe & territory in the Doab,
108

Pandavas, sons of Pandu, heroes of
Mahabharata
,
39
,
41
,
42
,
44
,
46

Pandyas, long-lasting dynasty of Madurai,
119
,
120
,
121
,
170
,
172
,
199
,
215
,
218
,
220
,
223
,
252
,
258

Panhala, Maharashtra,
352
,
354

Panini, Sanskrit grammarian,
60
–1,
71
,
103
,
153

Panipat, battles of (1526, 1556 & 1761),
292
–3,
301
,
310
,
386
,
403
–4

Panjab,
xxiv
,
21
,
26
,
43
,
57
–61,
70
–7,
82
,
84
–5,
106
–12,
144
,
202
–5,
225
–6,
233
–5,
247
,
256
,
288
,
289
–90,
316
–7,
361
,
362
,
385
,
417
,
420
–4,
445
,
472
,
473
,
475
–7,
492
,
499
,
505
–9,
517
–24,
539
,
547
,
567
,
572
,
577
–80

Panth
, the Sikh brotherhood,
317
,
360
–1

Paramaharajadhiraja
, ‘king of all other great kings’,
134

Paramaras, rajput lineage & rulers of Malwa,
201
,
226
–30,
257

Paramesvara
, ‘lord of other [lords]’,
169
,
195
,
197

Parantaka, 10th c Chola king,
215

Parsees, Zoroastrian community,
455

Parthia, eastern Iran,
102
,
109
,
110

Partition, of India in 1947 & Pakistan in 1971,
56
–7,
502
,
506
–9,
510
–11,
517
–24,
526
–7,
558
,
577
,
585

Pataligrama
see
Pataliputra

Pataliputra, Bihar,
xx
,
68
–9,
79
,
80
,
82
–3,
85
,
90
,
96
,
97
,
100
,
104
–5,
108
,
135
,
146

Patan
see
Anhilwara

Patanjali, Sanskrit grammarian,
103
,
153

Patel, Vallabhai, Congress leader,
472
,
505
,
515
,
521

Pathans,
514
,
566
,
587
,
593
,
595

Patna, Bihar,
69
,
386

Pattadakal, Karnataka,
169
,
174

Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, The
, 1st c ad description of Indian Ocean,
121
,
126
,
127
,
130

Persepolis, Iran,
57
,
71

Peshawar, North-West Frontier,
26
–7,
95
,
114
,
158
,
206
,
419
,
420
,
592

Peshwas of Pune, Maratha ministers & rulers,
see
Baji Rao, Balaji Vishvanath,
etc.

Pindaris, 19th c freebooters,
411
–3

Pir Panjal, outer range of Himalayas (
q.v.
)

Pitt, Thomas, Governor of Madras,
373
–4,
376

Plantations,
448
–9

Plassey, battle of (1757),
381
,
390

Pliny the Elder, Roman author,
121

Plutarch, Greek historian,
78
,
79

Polilur, Tamil Nadu, battle of (1780),
172
,
396
–7

Pondicherry, Tamil Nadu,
121
,
377
,
379
,
393
,
394
,
467
,
533

Poona
see
Pune

Population,
320
,
586

Portuguese,
287
,
305
–6,
317
,
323
,
348
,
355
,
373
,
533
–4

Porus, king, adversary of Alexander the Great,
72
–3,
82

Pottery: Black and Red Ware,
42
,
43

Harappan,
8
,
12
,
13
,
14

Northern Black Polished,
51
–2;

Ochre Glazed,
37

Painted Grey Ware,
42
,
43

Roman,
121
–3

Prabhakara-Vardhana, father of Harsha,
162

Prabhavati, daughter of Chandra-Gupta II & Vakataka queen,
142

Prambanam, Java,
194

Prasad, Rajendra, President,
472
,
482

Prasenajit, 5th c
BC
King of Koshala,
66
,
67

Pratabgarh, Maharashtra,
351

Pratapa-Rudra, 14th c Kakatiya king,
258
,
263

Pratihara
, ‘gate-keeper’, a rajput dynasty,
202
, &
see
Gurjara-Pratiharas

Prayaga (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh,
135
,
165

President’s/Governor’s Rule, constitutional device,
526
,
530
,
542
,
575
,
576
–7,
601
,
603