Lincoln in the World (59 page)

96
. Wallace and Gillespie,
Journal of Benjamin Moran
, v. 2, pp. 937–40 (entries for Jan. 2, 8, and 9, 1862).

97
. Warren, p. 216 (medicated); Granville to Canning, Dec. 19, 1861, in Fitzmaurice,
Life of Granville
, v. 1, p. 405 (“gout coming out”); Connell,
Regina vs. Palmerston
, pp. 359–60;
Morning Post
(London) quoted in Jenkins, v. 1, p. 239.

98
. Palmerston quoted in Ferris,
The
Trent
Affair
, p. 193 (“wary of the Yankees”); Palmerston to Russell, Jan. 19, 1862, Russell Papers, BNA; Bright quoted in Bigelow,
Retrospections
, v. 1, pp. 441–42, cited in Ferris,
The
Trent
Affair
, p. 153. See also Crook,
Diplomacy
, p. 157.

99
.
ALAL
, v. 2, p. 228 (New Year’s reception); Lincoln quoted in McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom
, p. 368 (“out of the tub”).

100
. Blue,
Salmon P. Chase
, pp. 147–49 (Chase’s efforts, Belmont quote); Paludan, p. 109 (treasury broke, hoarding gold, etc).

101
. Paludan, p. 110; Boritt,
Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream
, pp. 206–7; Lamon,
Recollections of Lincoln
, pp. 215–19.

102
. Paludan, pp. 109–12. See also Bensel,
Yankee Leviathan
, pp. 2, 14, 18, 68–69, 152–53, 162–63, 236–37.

103
. For the Springfield tradition about Herndon seeking a diplomatic post, see Clinton Levering Conkling to A. P. Higley, Dec. 7, 1917; Clinton L. Conkling memo, Dec. 1917; Jesse W. Weik to Conkling, Feb. 11, 1917; all in Conkling Papers, ALPLM. For more on Herndon’s trip to Washington see Donald,
Lincoln’s Herndon
, pp. 152–56, and Donald, “
We Are Lincoln Men
,” pp. 89–90. Donald dismisses the Springfield tradition and believes that Herndon’s trip was likely made on behalf of an acquaintance and “not in his own interest” (Donald,
Lincoln’s Herndon
, p. 155). See also
New York Evening Post
, Jan. 21, 1862, typed copy in Barbee Papers, Georgetown University (“considerably careworn”); Milton Hay interview in the
Illinois State Journal
, Sept. 1, 1883, clipping in Ruth Randall Papers, LOC (“very sour”). Hay, for his part, later complained that he was misquoted by the reporter, acknowledging that Lincoln had offered his law partner a post that the younger man “had declined as unsuitable” but insisting that Herndon “felt no grievance” about the offer. (Milton Hay to the editor of the
State Journal
, in Wilson,
Intimate Memories of Lincoln
, p. 49.) For the joke about the old pair of pants, see Porter,
Incidents and Anecdotes
, pp. 294–95.

104
. Edward Lee Plumb to Thomas Corwin, Jan. 29, 1862, copy, Plumb Papers, LOC;
Baltimore Sun
, Jan. 30, 1862;
Washington Evening Star
, Jan. 29, 1862. See also
The Lincoln Log
, entry for Jan. 28, 1862.

105
. McPherson,
Battle Cry of Freedom
, pp. 375–77 (date of launch,
Times
quote); Adams,
Great Britain and the American Civil War
, v. 1, p. 276 (Adams quote); Jones,
Blue and Gray Diplomacy
, p. 125; Charles Francis Adams diary, entry for Mar. 29, 1862, Adams Family Papers (Lady Palmerston’s reception).

106
. Clay to Seward, no. 17, Jan. 24, 1862; and Clay to Seward, no. 15, Jan. 7, 1862. Both dispatches in
FRUS 1862
, pp. 443–46.

107
. Lincoln to Queen Victoria, Feb. 1, 1862, in
CWL
, v. 5, p. 117.

108
. Baker, pp. 205–7; and Donald,
Lincoln
, pp. 335–36 (levee color); Clinton,
Mrs. Lincoln
, pp. 130 and 163–65 (chandeliers); Poore,
Perley’s Reminiscences
, v. 2, pp. 116–20.

109
. Monaghan, p. 219 (date); Keckley,
Behind the Scenes
, p. 103 (“hard, hard”); Nicolay,
Lincoln’s Secretary
, pp. 132–33 (“my boy is gone”); Donald,
Lincoln
, pp. 336–38;
ALAL
, v. 2, p. 298; Baker, pp. 182 (Strickland), 216 (aping Victoria, bonnet, etc.); Mary Lincoln to Ruth Harris, [May 17, 1862,] in Turner and Turner,
Mary Todd Lincoln
, pp. 125–26.

110
.
RW
, p. 78 (“sweet communion” etc.); Baker, pp. 211, 219–20 (both Vic and Eugénie; Colchester and Brooks quote); Clinton,
Mrs. Lincoln
, pp. 186–87.

111
. Clay to Seward, Apr. 13, 1862, quoted in Monaghan, p. 214.

112
. Foner,
Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men
, p. 117; Burlingame,
Inner World
, p. 23; Rice, ed.,
Reminiscences
, p. 583. The most recent account of the Gordon episode is Soodalter,
Hanging Captain Gordon
(New York, 2006). See also Rowley, “Captain Nathaniel Gordon,” pp. 216–24.

113
. Milne, “Lyons-Seward Treaty of 1862,” pp. 511–14, 520. See also Crook,
Diplomacy
, pp. 68–69; Jones,
Union in Peril
, p. 118; Foreman,
World on Fire
, pp. 237–38.

114
. [Karl Marx,] “English Public Opinion,”
New York Tribune
, Feb. 1, 1862, in Marx,
Dispatches for the “New York Tribune,”
p. 305.

C
HAPTER
F
OUR:
L
INCOLN VS
. M
ARX

1
. Franklin,
Emancipation Proclamation
, p. 94 (sunny, cool); Brooks, “How We Went a-Calling on New Year’s Day,” Jan. 3, 1863, in Burlingame, ed.,
Lincoln Observed
, p. 15 (“gold lace, feathers”); Fanny Seward diary, entry for Jan. 1, 1863, Seward Papers, University of Rochester (“full court dress” and lozenge trimming). See also Donald,
Lincoln
, p. 407; Goodwin, p. 498; Guelzo,
Emancipation Proclamation
, pp. 181–84; Foreman,
World on Fire
, p. 355.

2
. Scovel, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” p. 506 (exhausted); Brooks, “How the President Looks,” Dec. 4, 1862, in Burlingame, ed.,
Lincoln Observed
, p. 13 (“hair is grizzled”); “Fredericksburg, Va., First Battle of,” in Faust, ed.,
Historical Times Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Civil War
, p. 287; Pease and Randall, eds.,
Diary of Orville Hickman Browning
, entry for Dec. 18, 1862, v. 1, p. 600 (“brink of destruction”). See also Goodwin, p. 498; Guelzo,
Emancipation Proclamation
, p. 181;
ALAL
, v. 2, pp. 468–69 (hadn’t slept); and Foreman,
World on Fire
, p. 355.

3
. Seward,
Seward at Washington
,
1861–1872
, p. 151; Arnold,
Life of Abraham Lincoln
(Chicago, 1885), p. 266;
ALAL
, v. 2, pp. 468
–
69.

4
. Lincoln, “Protest in the Illinois Legislature on Slavery,” Mar. 3, 1837, in
CWL
, v. 1, p. 74 (“injustice and bad policy”); Lincoln, “Reply to Chicago Christians,” Sept. 13, 1862, in
CWL
, v. 5, p. 423 (“help us in Europe”); Guelzo,
Emancipation Proclamation
, p. 185 (copies shipped abroad).

5
. Holzer,
Lincoln President-Elect
,
p. 33; Lincoln, “Speech at a Republican Banquet, Chicago,” Dec. 10, 1856, in
CWL
, v. 2, p. 385 (“Our government”); Lincoln, “Fragment: Notes for Speeches [Aug. 21, 1858],” in
CWL
, v. 2, pp. 552–53 (“In this age”); Herndon to Weik, Feb. 26, 1891, HW, LOC; Carwardine,
Lincoln
, p. 44 (Herndon quote); Nye,
Soft Power
, passim (“soft power”). See also Carwardine,
Lincoln
, pp. 47–48, 136, 184.

6
. Wheen,
Karl Marx
, p. 166 (British Museum); McLellan,
Marx
, p. 141 (Feuerbach); Marx quoted in Christman, ed.,
The American Journalism of Marx and Engels
, p. xi (“The philosophers”); Marx, “A Criticism of American Affairs,”
Die Presse
(Vienna), Aug. 9, 1862, in
MAC
, p. 211; and Foner,
British Labor and the American Civil War
, pp. 11, 91 (“pressure from without”); Marx,
Dispatches for the “New York Tribune
,” p. xviii (largest in the world).

7
. McLellan,
Karl Marx
, p. 288 (“highly valued”); Mott,
American Journalism
, p. 271 (Great Moral Organ); Lincoln to Greeley, June 27, 1848, in
CWL
, v. 1, p. 493; Lincoln to Lyman Trumbull, Dec. 28, 1857, in
CWL
, v. 2, p. 430 (pored over the
Tribune
); Guelzo,
Emancipation Proclamation
, pp. 132–33 (mail slot); Harper,
Lincoln and the Press
, p. 101 (readers); Nevins,
American Press Opinion
, v. 1, pp. 112–13 (“great as any statesman’s”); Croffut, “Lincoln’s Washington,” p. 58, in RW, p. 123 (“about a ton”).

8
. Marx to Frederick Engels, Aug. 14, 1851, in
MAC
, p. xvi (“impudent”); Christman, ed.,
The American Journalism of Marx and Engels
, p. xviii (“industrial bourgeoisie”);
MAC
, p. xv (“foremost”); Carpenter,
Inner Life
, p. 152; Marx quoted in Jones,
Union in Peril
, p. 156 (“As the American War of Independence”).

9
. Kissinger,
Diplomacy
, pp. 94 (Crimean War shatters Concert of Europe), 95, 102–3 (post-Crimean order), 106 (“days of principles”), 127 (Darwin, etc.). See also Herring, pp. 266–67, 271; Gabriel, locs. 2902, 6202; and Carwardine,
Lincoln
, pp. 190, 228.

10
. Gabriel is good on the creative spirit of the Romantic era; see locs. 1187–90, 1198. See also “Genius,”
Oxford English Dictionary
, 2nd ed., Simpson and Weiner, eds., v. 6 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989), p. 444.

11
. Blackburn,
Unfinished Revolution
, pp. 1–2; Marx,
Capital
, v. 1, part 3, ch. 10, sec. 7, in
MAC
, p. 20; Foner,
Free Soil
,
Free Labor
,
Free Men
, p. 16, cites the observation of an “Iowa Republican” to illustrate the party line. Lincoln would almost certainly have concurred with this sentiment. See also Foner,
Fiery Trial
, p. 117. Gabor Boritt’s study of Lincoln’s economic vision skillfully analyzes the sixteenth president’s views on money and markets (Boritt,
Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream
, passim).

12
. Marx, “A Criticism of American Affairs,”
Die Presse
, Aug. 9, 1862, in
MAC
, pp. 210–12; Whitney,
Life on the Circuit with Lincoln
, p. 374.

13
. Marx, “On Events in North America,”
Die Presse
, Oct. 12, 1862, in
MAC
, p. 222 (“without intellectual brilliance”); Marx, “The Dismissal of Fremont,”
Die Presse
, Nov. 26, 1861, in ibid., pp. 109–10 (“mediocrities” and “aversion for all originality”); Marx, “A Criticism of American Affairs,”
Die Presse
, Aug. 9, 1862, in ibid., p. 211.

14
. “Shiloh, Battle of,”
Encyclopaedia Britannica (Micropaedia
), v. 10, pp.
739–40; John McClintock sermon, Apr. 16, 1865, in
RW
, p. 314 (“educated up to it”); McDougall,
Throes of Democracy
, pp. 429–30 (seven times Bull Run, “Romanticism expired”). The literature on Lincoln, public opinion, and slavery is vast, but especially insightful is Richard Carwardine’s
Lincoln
(New York, 2006), pp. 45–90, 190, 313. Lincoln’s “attentive but not subservient engagement with public sentiment,” Carwardine writes, provided “the essential basis … of his power” (Carwardine,
Lincoln
, p. 136). In a separate essay on Lincoln and the press, Carwardine points out that “[t]he Civil War marked a new phase in the history of American journalism” (Carwardine, “Abraham Lincoln and the Fourth Estate,” p. 2). Eric Foner’s
Fiery Trial
(New York, 2010) also includes a fascinating discussion of Lincoln and slavery in the context of evolving popular views. See Foner,
Fiery Trial
, p. xix. On Lincoln and public opinion, see also Holzer, “If I Had Another Face, Do You Think I’d Wear This One?” p. 57; Burlingame, “Lincoln Spins the Press,” p. 65; and Donald,
Lincoln
, p. 416. Richard Carwardine and Jay Sexton, in an engaging recent collection of essays, note how the nineteenth-century information age helped to shape Lincoln’s image abroad (Carwardine and Sexton, eds.,
The Global Lincoln
, pp. 16–17, 21).

15
. Bailey, “America’s Emergence as a World Power,” p. 9; Carwardine,
Lincoln
, pp. 228, 250. Howard Jones’s studies of Lincoln and slavery in the diplomacy of the Civil War highlight the president’s success in infusing the Union effort with moral purpose at home while simultaneously removing “the major obstacle to a realistic foreign policy on both sides of the Atlantic.” (See Jones,
Abraham Lincoln
, pp. 87, 188.) See also Jones’s introduction to the Bison Books edition of Monaghan, p. xi. Gabor Boritt points out that Lincoln’s economic vision was intricately related to his moral sense: “For Lincoln these two grounds had always been the same: his political economy was an intensely moral science” (Boritt,
Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream
, p. 193). Stewart Winger observes that “Marx’s historical theory was clearly an urgent millennialist vision of world history, difficult to comprehend without the moral outrage that informed it” (Winger,
Lincoln, Religion, and Romantic Cultural Politics
, p. 52). For more on Lincoln and Marx, see Robin Blackburn’s recent book
An Unfinished Revolution
, a collection of primary-source materials that also includes a 100-page introductory essay. Blackburn argues that “the Civil War and its sequel had a larger impact on Marx than is often realized—and, likewise, that the ideas of Marx and Engels had a greater impact on the United States … than is usually allowed” (Blackburn,
Unfinished Revolution
, pp. 1–100; the quote is on p. 5).