Authors: Greg King
32
. Amory,
Death,
8.
33
.
Alfred Howard Amory.
34
.
Toronto World,
August 17, 1915.
35
. Amory,
Death,
9.
36
. Warren, 3, 20; Layton, 40.
37
. Amory,
Death,
14–15.
38
. Layton, 208, 224–25, 227, 306; Ballard, 54.
39
. Holbourn,
Foula,
227; Hoehling and Hoehling, 74.
CHAPTER ELEVEN
1
. Bailey and Ryan, 117–18.
2
. Ibid., 116; Ramsay, 64; Preston, 150.
3
. Bailey and Ryan, 162.
4
. Thomas, 91.
5
. Kortemeier, 319.
6
. Thomas, 91.
7
. Bailey and Ryan, 162.
8
. Thomas, 83, 91.
9
. Forstner, 7.
10
. Thomas, 89.
11
. Forstner, 33–34.
12
. Thomas, 90–91.
13
. Forstner, 6, 18.
14
. Bailey and Ryan, 53–55.
15
. Ibid., 115, 122.
16
. Molony,
Lusitania,
9.
17
. Bailey and Ryan, 124.
18
. Ibid., 125–26; Beesly, 103–4.
19
. Bailey, 335; Bailey and Ryan, 164.
20
. Bailey and Ryan, 127.
21
. Beesly, 3–7, 97–99.
22
. Pope,
And Then,
4, in Hoehling and Hoehling Archive, MS Collection 45, Box 2, Folder 1.
23
. Bailey and Ryan, 133; Hoehling and Hoehling, 82; Mayer Opinion, 9–10, 15; Lauriat, 137.
24
.
New York Times,
May 11, 1915.
25
. Wynne testimony, 95, in Mayer, in Bailey and Ryan Archive, Box 7.
26
. Admiralty Instruction, January 13, 1915, Mersey, In Camera, June 15, 1915, 2, in Bailey and Ryan Archive, Box 2;
Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations,
1915 Supplement, 653.
27
. Mayer Opinion, 9–10, 16; Lauriat, 137.
28
.
New York Times,
May 10, 1915.
29
. Ibid.
30
. Ibid., May 11, 1915.
31
. Lauriat, 4–5.
32
.
New York Times,
May 10, 1915.
33
. Lott Gadd, letter of December 20, 1929, to Elbert Hubbard II, copy in Hoehling and Hoehling Archive, MS Collection 45, Box 1, Folder 18.
34
. Angela Papadopoulos account, from the collection of the Baffa Trasci Amalfitani di Crucoli family, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
35
. Hoehling and Hoehling, 85; Hickey and Smith, 152.
36
. Avis Dolphin, letter to mother, May 1915, in Sauder and Marschall, 86.
37
. Poirier and Kalafus, “The Jolivet Family,” 165.
38
. Boulton, CBC.
39
. Fletcher, 176.
40
. Hickey and Smith, 154; Ellis, 37.
41
. Spedding, 16–17.
42
. Bernard,
Cock Sparrow,
151.
43
. Frederick Orr-Lewis, undated letter, John Douglas Hazen Collection, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, MG H13, Box 22, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
44
. Poirier and Kalafus, “The Jolivet Family,” 165.
45
. Amory,
Death,
15–16.
46
. Bernard,
Cock Sparrow,
135, 151, 155.
47
. Angela Papadopoulos account, from the collection of the Baffa Trasci Amalfitani di Crucoli family, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
48
. Kalafus and Poirier,
Albert Arthur Bestic.
49
. Michael Byrne, letter of June 8, 1915, in NARA: United States Department of State, 841.857 L97/72, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
50
. Hickey and Smith, 155;
New York Tribune,
May 10, 1915; Report of Wesley Frost to Secretary of State, in NARA: United States Department of State, 341.111 L97/61.
51
.
New York Times,
May 10, 1915.
52
. Lauriat, 6.
53
.
New York Times,
May 10, 1915.
54
. Boulton, CBC.
55
. Bernard,
Cock Sparrow,
150–51.
56
. Josephine Brandell deposition, 1915, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
57
.
New York Sun,
May 12, 1915.
58
. Hoehling and Hoehling, 57.
59
.
New York Sun,
May 25, 1915; Ellis, 42.
60
. Francis Jenkins, testimony of June 17, 1915, Mersey Public Proceedings, 1850–1864, in Bailey and Ryan Archive, Box 2.
61
. Charles Jeffery deposition, 1915, for Mersey Inquiry, from the collection of Christine Anagnos, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
62
. Michael Byrne, letter of June 8, 1915, in NARA: United States Department of State, 841.857 L97/72, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
63
.
New York Times,
May 11, 1915.
64
. Angela Papadopoulos account, from the collection of the Baffa Trasci Amalfitani di Crucoli family, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
65
.
Pittsburgh Press,
August 11, 1935, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
66
. Angela Papadopoulos account, from the collection of the Baffa Trasci Amalfitani di Crucoli family, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
67
. Boulton, CBC.
68
. Bailey and Ryan, 133; Lauriat, 5; Hoehling and Hoehling, 60.
CHAPTER TWELVE
1
. Poirier and Kalafus, “The Jolivet Family,” 167.
2
. Bernard,
Cock Sparrow,
150.
3
.
Kansas City Star,
June 15, 1919, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
4
.
Townsville Daily Bulletin,
March 14, 1939, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
5
. Bailey and Ryan, 138; Layton, 295.
6
. Boulton, CBC.
7
. Ibid.
8
. Frost, 192.
9
. Michael Byrne, letter of June 8, 1915, in NARA: United States Department of State, 841.857 L97/72, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
10
.
New York Evening Post,
May 24, 1915.
11
. Lauriat, 5, 70.
12
.
New York Times,
May 10, 1915, May 16, 1915.
13
. Rhondda,
This Was,
254.
14
. Hoehling and Hoehling, 140; Hickey and Smith, 208.
15
.
Pittsburgh Press,
August 11, 1935, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
16
.
New York Times,
May 16, 1915.
17
. Rhondda,
This Was,
253.
18
. Michael Byrne, letter of June 8, 1915, in NARA: United States Department of State, 841.857 L97/72, courtesy of Michael Poirier; James Brooks, undated letter, in Hoehling and Hoehling Archive, MS Collection 45, Box 1, Folder 10; Wesley Frost to State Department, May 14, 1915, in NARA: United States Department of State, 841.857 L97/29.
19
. Bernard,
Cock Sparrow,
151.
20
. Hoehling and Hoehling, 101; Bernard,
Cock Sparrow,
152.
21
. Pope,
And Then,
99, in Hoehling and Hoehling Archive, MS Collection 45, Box 2, Folder 1.
22
. Howard Fisher, undated letter to son, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
23
. Rhondda,
This Was,
242.
24
.
Kansas City Star,
June 15, 1919, courtesy of Michael Poirier.
25
. Amory,
Death,
17–18.
26
.
New York Times,
May 8, 1915.
27
. Ramsay, 245.
28
.
New York Times,
May 11, 1915.
29
. Bestic undated clipping, 1955, in Hoehling and Hoehling Archive, MS Collection 45, Box 1, Folder 60.
30
. Bailey and Ryan, 41.
31
. Simpson, 125–29; Bailey and Ryan, 144–45, 174; Beesly, 96, 110; Ramsay, 75, 200–201, 246; O’Sullivan, 70.
32
. Bailey and Ryan, 133–35.
33
. Bailey and Ryan, 136;
New York American,
May 8, 1915.
34
. Bailey and Ryan, 140.
35
. “Lusitania,”
American Journal of International Law,
865. Later allegations that the query about the Merchant Code was actually a secret instruction for Turner to divert
Lusitania
to Queenstown are easily refuted by Turner’s own insistence that he received no such order. See Simpson, 150; Beesly, 105; Peeke, Walsh-Johnson, and Jones, 71–75; and, for refutation, Bailey and Ryan, 138–39, and the
New York Times,
May 11, 1915.
36
. Beesly, 117; Bailey and Ryan, 209–12, 280.
37
. Simpson, 177.
38
. Bailey and Ryan, 142; Hoehling and Hoehling, 63; Bestic, undated clipping, 1955, in Hoehling and Hoehling Archive, MS Collection 45, Box 1, Folder 60; Ramsay, 142; Preston, 321; William Turner, testimony of June 15, 1915, In Camera, in Bailey and Ryan Archive, Box 2; Beesly, 97; Layton, 264; “Lusitania,”
American Journal of International Law,
881.
39
. Bestic, undated clipping, 1955, in Hoehling and Hoehling Archive, MS Collection 45, Box 1, Folder 60.
40
. Simpson, 176; Beesly, 97; Bailey and Ryan, 143.