Marketplace of the Marvelous (53 page)

Thomson, Samuel.
A Narrative of the Life and Medical Discoveries of Samuel Thomson: Containing an Account of His System of Practice, and the Manner of Curing Disease with Vegetable Medicine
. . . . 8th ed. Columbus, OH: Pike, Platt, 1832.

———.
A New Guide to Health, or Botanic Family Physician
. London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1849.

Thurs, Daniel Patrick.
Science Talk: Changing Notions of Science in American Culture
. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2008.

Tomlinson, Stephen. “Phrenology, Education, and the Politics of Human Nature: The Thought and Influence of George Combe.”
History of Education
26, no. 1 (March 1997): 1–22.

Trall, Russell Thacher.
The Hydropathic Encyclopedia: A System of Hydropathy and Hygiene
. Vol. 2. New York: Fowlers and Wells, 1854.

Troesken, Werner. “The Elasticity of Demand with Respect to Product Failures; or Why the Market for Quack Medicines Flourished for More Than 150 Years.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper no. 15699 (January 2010),
http://www.nber.org/papers/w15699
.

Turner, Christopher. “Mesmeromania, or, the Tale of the Tub.”
Cabinet
21 (Spring 2006).
http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/21/turner.php
.

Umbreit, A. C.
Pending Medical Legislation: Brief on Certain Bills Pending before the Legislature of 1907: Senate Bills Numbers 314 S, 315 S, 449 S, 416
. Madison, WI: State Board of Medical Examiners, 1907.

Vogel, Morris J., and Charles E. Rosenberg, eds.
The Therapeutic Revolution: Essays in the Social History of American Medicine
. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1979.

Wallace, Edwin R., IV, and John Gach, eds.
History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology: With an Epilogue on Psychiatry and the Mind-Body Relation
. New York: Springer, 2008.

Walter, Georgia Warner.
Women and Osteopathic Medicine: Historical Perspectives
. Kirksville, MO: A. T. Still Memorial Library, 1994.

Wardwell, Walter. Chiropractic:
History and Evolution of a New Profession
. St. Louis: Mosby, 1992.

Wardwell, Walter I. “Chiropractors: Evolution to Acceptance.” In
Other Healers
, edited by Norman Gevitz.

Wesley, John.
Primitive Physick: Or, an Easy and Natural Method of Curing Most Diseases
. 14th ed. (Philadelphia, 1770).

Whorton, James C. “From Cultism to CAM.” In
Politics of Healing
, edited by Robert D. Johnston.

———.
Nature Cures: The History of Alternative Medicine in America
. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Willis, Martin, and Catherine Wynne, eds.
Victorian Literary Mesmerism
. New York: Editions Rodopi, 2006.

Wrobel, Arthur, ed.
Pseudoscience and Society in Nineteenth-Century America
. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1987.

Young, Dwight L. “Orson Squire Fowler: To Form a More Perfect Human.”
Wilson Quarterly
(Spring 1990): 120–27.

Young, James Harvey.
The Medical Messiahs: A Social History of Health Quackery in Twentieth-Century America
. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1967.

———. “Patent Medicine and the Self-Help Syndrome.” In
Medicine without Doctors
, edited by Guenter B. Risse.

Please note that page numbers are not accurate for the e-book edition.

Note: Page numbers in
italics
indicate illustrations.

Adams, Samuel Hopkins, 205

adjustments, chiropractic, 209–11, 220–21, 223

advertising: by homeopaths, 130; by hydropaths, 104; of manual techniques, 214, 220, 225; of patent medicine, 184, 185,
185
, 188, 191–94, 199, 201, 207; by phrenologists, 77

AFH (American Foundation for Homeopathy), 144

African Americans, 20, 224

Agnes; or, The Possessed, A Revelation of Mesmerism
(Shay), 164–65

AIH (American Institute of Homeopathy), 128, 129, 130, 132, 135–37, 141–42

alcohol, 189–90

Alcott, Bronson, 133

Alcott, Louisa May, 6, 9, 73,
134
, 134–35

allopathy, 119

al-Qanun fi al-Tibb (The Canon of Medicine)
(Avicenna), 211

alternative medicine, and antimicrobial drugs, 250–51; attacks on, 266; commonalities with regular medicine of, 259–60; and disillusionment with regular medicine, 253; and doctor-patient relationship, 252; and educational reform, 246–48; education level and use of, 256–57; Flexner report on, 246–48; and germ theory, 260–61; government funding for, 256; health-care costs and, 253, 256; and holistic medicine, 254–55; influence on regular medicine of, 258–59; and integrative medicine, 256–57; and licensure, 245; and medical bureaucracy, 251; and medical specialties, 252; multiple strands of meaning in, 265–66; persistence of, 261–62; and placebo effect, 263–65; and public health movement, 245–46; and reform movements, 257–58; renewed interest in, 253–54; and scientific advances, 243–44, 245, 250–52; and social change, 244–45; strengths of, 262–63; use of term, 2, 254; and women in medicine, 248–50.
See also
irregular medicine

AMA.
See
American Medical Association (AMA)

American Chiropractic Association, 227

American Dispensatory
(King), 187, 188

American Foundation for Homeopathy (AFH), 144

American Holistic Medicine Association, 255

American Hydropathic Institute, 102–3, 137

American Indian remedies, 194

American Institute of Homeopathy (AIH), 128, 129, 130, 132, 135–37, 141–42

American Journal of Phrenology
, 77

American Journal of the Medical Sciences
: on over-medication, 17; on phrenology, 62

American Medical Association (AMA): and Flexner report, 246–48; and homeopathy, 128–29, 136, 139; and osteopathy, 239; and patent medicines, 199–200, 201, 205; and public health, 245–46; as unifying force, 260

American Museum, 169

American Osteopathic Association (AOA), 227

American Phrenological Journal
, 66, 71, 91

American School of Chiropractic, 224

American School of Osteopathy, 217–18

amphetamines, 252

Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System in General and the Cerebrum in Particular
(Gall), 58

Andrews, Edmund, 176

Angostura bitters, 204

animal magnetism: James Braid on, 161; commitment of mesmerists to, 168; Charles-Nicolas Deslon and, 156; and itinerant mesmerists, 167; Franz Anton Mesmer on, 150–51, 154, 157; Charles Poyen on, 161–63, 169; Marquis de Puységur on, 158–59; Phineas Parkhurst Quimby on, 170, 171; regular medicine on, 167; religious concerns about, 163–64; sexual overtones of, 165

animal spirits, 149

Anthony, Susan B., 72, 100

antibiotics, 250–51, 258

antimicrobial drugs, 250–51

AOA (American Osteopathic Association), 227

Avicenna, 211

Bache, Benjamin Franklin, 156

Backbone
(journal), 227

back pain, 229–30

Baillie, Matthew, 15

Bailly, Jean-Sylvain, 155

Baker, Wyeth Post, 253

baquet, 152

Barnum, P. T., 71, 160

Barton, Benjamin Smith, 38

Barton, Clara, 72

Bartram, John, 27

Bath (England) spas, 86, 88

baths and bathing, 84, 86, 108–9

Bayard, Edward, 115

Beach, Wooster, 47–48

Beecher, Catharine, 97–98, 100, 104, 105

Bell, John, 60, 77

Biegler, Augustus P., 115

Bierce, Ambrose, 176

bitterroot, 31

black pepper, 31

Blackwell, Elizabeth, 66, 88, 102

bleeding, 7, 8

blistering, 7, 8

The Blithedale Romance
(Hawthorne), 165

blood in osteopathy, 215–16

bloodletting, 7, 8

blood-sucking leeches, 7, 8

Bloomer, Amelia, 97

Bloomer costume, 97

bonesetters, 211–13

Boone, Nicholas, 184

Boston Daily Times
on patent-medicine ads, 192

The Bostonians
(James), 165

Boston Medical and Surgical Journal
: on hydropathy, 91, 99, 105, 106; on mesmerism, 166; on patent medicines, 201–2; on Thomsonism, 33, 43

Boston Moral Reformer
on hydropathy, 84

Boston News-Letter
, patent-medicine ads in, 184

botanic medicine, 23–51; historical background of, 25–27.
See also
Thomsonism

Botanico-Medical College and Infirmary, 47

Botanico-Medical Recorder
on Thomsonism, 45–46

Bowman, Julia C., 224

Braid, James, 160–61

brain: as electric battery, 215, 216; in manual medicine, 225, 229; in mesmerism, 149, 167, 168, 173, 180; modern science of, 79–80; in phrenology, 53–60, 69, 75, 78–79, 258–59; Swedenborg's beliefs about, 56–57

Brattleboro Hydropathic Institution (Vermont), 95–96, 97–98, 104, 107

Brighton (England) spas, 88

Brisbane, Albert, 100

British Phrenological Society, 80–81

Broca, Paul, 79

Bryant, William Cullen, 73

Burkmar, Lucius, 169–70

bushmaster, 127

Cabot, Richard, 176–77

cadavers, 14–15

Caldwell, Charles, 60, 77

calomel, 8–9, 189, 198

Came, Charles, 196–97, 199, 203

cancer plaster, 38

capsicum, 30–31

Carlyle, Thomas, 88

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 246

Carter, John S., 201

Carver Chiropractic College, 234

Caster, J. S., 219

Caster, Paul, 219

Castoria, 193

cathartics, 8

cayenne pepper, 30–31, 32

celebrity endorsement of Thomsonism, 38

Central Medical College, 65–66

Chapelain, Pierre Jean, 160

Charcot, Jean-Martin, 168

childbirth: hydropathy for, 83–84, 103; mesmerism for, 166; osteopathy for, 218

children, homeopathy for, 130–31

chiropractic, 237–38; appeal of, 230–33; apprenticeship program in, 223–24; criticism of, 234–35; dissensions within, 229–30; “first adjustment” in, 209–10, 220–21; and Flexner report, 247–48; historical precedents of, 210–13; “Innate Intelligence” in, 221–22; naming of, 221; origins of, 218–21; of B. J. Palmer, 222, 224, 225–26; of Daniel David Palmer,
208
, 209–10, 218–22, 223–25; professional journal and association of, 227–28; regulation and lawsuits of, 236–38; schools of, 224–27; and spirituality, 222, 229–30, 231; subluxations in, 221–22, 223; survival of, 239–41; theory of, 221–22; women in, 224

The Chiropractor
(journal), 227, 236

cholera, 125–26

Chopra, Deepak, 256

Christian Science, 148, 173–78

Christian Science Journal
, 175, 178

Christian Science Monitor
, 178

Christian Science Reading Rooms, 178

Church of Christ (Scientist), 175

cinchona bark, 117

Cincinnati Daily Gazette
on Christian Science, 176

Civil War: and heroic medicine, 189, 258; and hydropathy, 109, 110, 112; and patent medicine, 189–90; social changes after, 244

Clarke, Edward H., 249

Cloquet, Jules, 160

Coca-Cola, 204–5

cocaine, 204–5

coffee and homeopathy, 124

“coffee” enema, 31

cold and disease, 30

cold injections, 104

cold steam shower, 105

cold-water enemas, 104

cold water treatments.
See
hydropathy

College of Philadelphia, 15

Columbian Centinel American Federalist
on Thomsonism, 38

Combe, George, 62–64, 67, 68

The Compleat Bone-setter
(Turner), 212

The Compleat Housewife
(Smith), 10

complementary and alternative medicine, 254.
See also
alternative medicine

The Complete Herbal
(Culpepper), 9

W. H. Comstock Company, 194

Confessions of a Magnetizer
(Anonymous), 164

The Constitution of Man
(Combe), 63, 68

Cowell, Nathan P., 247

Crane, Stephen, 73

craniometer, 53, 69

cranioscopy, 58

Creel, George, 235

Crick, Francis, 251

“crisis” in hydropathic treatment, 85

Crumpler, Rebecca Lee, 20

Cullen, William, 117, 221

Culpepper, Nicholas, 9

Curtis, Alva, 46–47

Daffy's Elixir Salutis, 184

Dake, Jabez P., 130

Darwin, Charles, 6, 67, 88

Davenport Democrat & Leader
on chiropractic, 236

Davenport Directory
, magnetic healing ad in, 220

Davidson, Peter, 38

DC (doctor of chiropractic), 224

DeForest, John W., 106

Deleuze, Joseph Francois, 165

democratization, 11–12

Dennett, Mary Ware, 144

Deslon, Charles-Nicolas, 153, 155–57

Dickens, Charles, 72, 88, 160

diet: in homeopathy, 120, 123, 132; in hydropathy, 87, 90, 103, 107, 110, 111

dilution in homeopathy, 118–19, 121–22

diphtheria, osteopathy for, 235–36

DO (doctor of osteopathy), 217, 238

doctor of chiropractic (DC), 224

doctor of osteopathy (DO), 217, 238

doctor-patient relationship, 252

Dods, John Bovee, 168

Dodson, John, 249

Drake, Daniel, 41

Dresser, Anetta, 178

Dresser, Julius, 178

Dr. Zay
(Phelps), 135

Duane, James, 15

Dunham, Carroll, 141–42

“dynamization” in homeopathy, 123

Dyott, Thomas W., 186

Eclecticism, 188

Eclectic Medical Institute, 137