Marketplace of the Marvelous (54 page)

eclectic medicine, 47–48, 65, 245

Eddy,
Mary Baker, 147–48, 173–78,
174

education: in chiropractic, 224; medical, 15–16, 246–49; in osteopathy, 217–19, 226–27, 238; phrenology and, 62–63, 68; in Thomsonism, 46–48

educational reform and alternative medicine, 246–48

education level and use of alternative medicine, 256–57

eighteenth century: botanic medicine in, 27; hydropathy in, 87; manual manipulation in, 211, 221; medical practice in, 7, 9, 12; medical societies in, 16; mesmerism in, 148–49, 164; patent medicine in, 186; phrenology in, 54

electrical devices, 196, 207, 230

electrical impulses, animal magnetism as, 168

electric battery, brain as, 215, 216

electric belt, 199

electric tractors, 38

Elliotson, John, 160

Elmira Water Cure, 94, 104

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 12, 63, 162

emetics, 8

emotional disorders, 171

employment counseling based on phrenology, 70

endorsements: of alternative medicine, 256, 265; of hydropathy, 105, 108–9; of patent medicines, 200–201; of Thomsonism, 38

enemas: “coffee,” 31; cold-water, 104

erectile dysfunction, 193, 198–99

Evans, Warren Felt, 178

Evening Bulletin
(Philadelphia) on women in medical school, 19

exercise: in homeopathy, 132; in hydropathy, 87–88

“Family Rights,” 35–36, 38–39, 50

Ferrier, David, 79

Finger, Stanley, 56

Fishbein, Morris, 234–35

Flexner, Abraham, 246–48

Flexner report (1910), 246–48

Flourens, Marie-Jean-Pierre, 75, 79

Folger, Lydia,
52
, 53–54, 64, 65–66, 68, 80

folk healers, 25

food vs. medicine, 124

Fountain Head News
, 210

Fowler, Lorenzo Niles: advice offered by, 70–71; descendants of, 78; early life of, 64; later life of, 80–81; marriage to Lydia Folger,
52
, 53–54; New York City offices of, 66–67; other causes championed by, 68; phrenology preached by, 64–65; publications by, 66, 91; public figures examined by, 71–72; rivals to, 77; Mark Twain on, 4–6, 74–75; and Walt Whitman, 73–74

Fowler, Lydia Folger.
See
Folger, Lydia

Fowler, Orson Squire: advice offered by, 70–71; descendants of, 78; early life of, 64; examination of Samuel Thomson by, 50–51; later life of, 80, 81; New York City offices of, 66–67; other causes championed by, 68; phrenology preached by, 64–65; publications by, 66, 91; public figures examined by, 71–72; rivals to, 77; and Walt Whitman, 73–74

Fowler Phrenological Institute, 80

franchise system of Samuel Thomson, 35–36, 38–39, 50

Franklin, Benjamin, 26, 151, 155, 156

Franklin, William Temple, 154

“free love,” 110

Freud, Sigmund, 54, 168, 171, 180

Friedan, Betty, 135

Friendly Botanic Societies, 36–37

Galen (Roman physician), 8, 100, 149, 210–11

Galileo, 196

Gall, Franz Joseph, 54–59, 69, 75, 78–79

Garfield, James, 71, 133

Garrison, William Lloyd, 133

Gedding, Eli, 122

Geneva Medical College, 66

germ theory, 140, 230–32, 260–61

glass armonica, 151

Gleason, Cynthia, 162, 166

Gleason, Rachel Brooks, 104

Gleason, Silas O., 104

Godey's Lady's Book
: on hydropathy, 99; on phrenology, 70–71

Godey's Magazine
on osteopathy, 233

Goldstein, Michael, 265

Gove, Hiram, 93, 100

Gove, Mary.
See
Nichols, Mary Gove

government funding for alternative medicine, 256

Grafenberg House, 88

Grafenberg Water Cure, 85, 86, 88, 106

Graham, Sylvester, 93, 107

Gram, Hans Burch, 126

Grant, Ulysses S., 72

Greeley, Horace, 71

Green, Julia Minerva, 144

Guillotin, Joseph-Ignace, 155

Haddock, Frank Channing, 179

Hahnemann, Marie Melanie d'Hervilly, 126

Hahnemann, Samuel Christian Frederick, 116–26; on cholera, 125–26; clinical trials by, 119–20; on coffee, 124; criticism of, 120–22, 138–39; on “dynamization,” 123; early experimentation by, 117–18; early life of, 116; followers of, 143–44; honorary membership in medical society of, 130; later life of, 126; on mesmerism, 144–45; on “miasms,” 124–25; on patient involvement, 123–24, 131; publication of drug provings by, 120; on small doses (dilution), 118–19, 121–22; testing of remedies by, 120; and transcendentalism, 133; and updated view of homeopathy, 141; use of ancient authors and texts by, 138–39; on vitalism, 122–23

Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, 128, 137, 243

Hahnemann Society, 127

Harper's New Monthly Magazine
: on homeopathy, 142; on phrenology, 73

Harper's Weekly
on chiropractic, 235

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 165

head readings in phrenology, 53, 69

healing power of nature, 9, 122–23, 217, 228, 264

health-care costs, 253, 256

healthy lifestyle: hydropathy and, 87–88, 91–92; and prevention, 259

heat, 30–31

Heidelberg Institute, 193–94

herbal medicine.
See
botanic medicine

herb doctors, 25

Hering, Constantine, 126–28, 130–31, 132

heroic medicine: continued use by regulars of, 18; decline of, 258; defined, 7–8; harsh effects of, 8–9; Oliver Wendell Holmes on, 17; and homeopathy, 117, 120, 126, 129, 142; and hydrotherapy, 84, 102, 103, 106; irregulars' view of, 13, 16; and osteopathy, 214; and patent medicine, 186, 188–89; and Thomsonism, 27–28, 30, 42, 44

Hicks, John, 14

Hildreth, Arthur Grant, 218

Hippocrates, 8, 9, 16, 56, 100, 124, 210–11

Holcombe, William, 141

holistic medicine, 254–55

Holman's Liver Pad, 188, 200

Holmes, Oliver Wendell,
76
; expulsion of African American students by, 20; on homeopathy, 122, 138–39; on hydropathy, 105–6; on ignorance of general public, 35; on phrenology, 75–77; on placebo effect, 263; on shortcomings of regular medicine, 17, 139; and Thomsonians, 44; on women in medicine, 248–49

The Homeopathic Domestic Physician
(Hering), 128, 132

Homeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania, 128

homeopathy, 115–45; and AMA, 128–30; appeal of, 130–33; arrival in United States of, 126–28; for children, 130–31; for cholera, 125–26; and coffee, 124; criticism of, 120–22, 138–39; decline of, 143–45; “dynamization” in, 123; food vs. medicine in, 124; growth and popularity of, 142–43; of Samuel Christian Frederick Hahnemann, 116–26; of Constantine Hering, 126–28, 130–31, 132; historical precedents of, 117–18; home health guides and kits for, 115, 131–33; law of similars in, 117–18; legacy of, 142–43, 259; licensing for, 245; and mesmerism, 144–45; miasms in, 124–25; national medical organization for, 128, 130, 141–42; origins of, 116–17; patient involvement in, 123–24; prominent people using, 133–35; provings in, 119–20; vs. regular medicine, 128–30, 138–41; renewed interest in, 253, 255; schools of, 127–28; small doses (dilution) in, 118–19, 121–22; spread in Europe of, 125–26; Elizabeth Cady Stanton on, 115–16; testing remedies for, 120; theory of, 119, 122–23; and transcendentalism, 133; on vaccines, 118–19; as vitalist system, 122–23; women in, 129, 132–33, 135–38, 143

The Home Private Medical Advisor
(Reinhardt), 194, 198

Hooker, Worthington, 13, 17

The House of Seven Gables
(Hawthorne), 165

Howard, Horton, 46

Howells, William Dean, 73

Hughes, Howard, 234

humors, 8

The Husband's Relief
,
or The Female Bone-Setter and the Worm Doctor
(play), 211

The Hydropathic Encyclopedia
(Trall), 87

hydropathy, 2,
82
, 83–113; accessibility of, 100–101; Catherine Beecher on, 97–98; for childbirth, 83–84, 103; clientele of, 95; cold injections in, 104; cold steam shower in, 105; cold-water enemas in, 104; combined with other therapies, 107; cost of, 96, 100; critics of, 105–6; cures claimed by, 89; dangers of, 105; decline after Civil War of, 109; in England, 88; Fowlers on, 91; in Germany, 85, 86, 88; home use of, 100–101; hygiene and healthy lifestyle choices in, 87–88, 91–92, 107, 108–9, 111–12; of Sebastian Kneipp, 112; legacy of, 110–13, 259; locales for, 94; of Thomas and Mary Gove Nichols, 83–84, 93–94, 99–103, 109–10; popularity of, 91; precedents of, 86–87; prescription in, 99; of Vincent Priessnitz, 84–89; qualifications to practice, 101–2, 108; and regular medical therapies, 107–9; revival of, 112; of Joel Shew, 89; vs. spa therapy, 86–87; theories of, 85, 90; of Russell Thacher Trall, 89–90; treatment protocols for, 96–99; in United States, 89–92; unpleasant aspects of, 104–5; of Robert Wesselhoeft, 94–96, 98–99, 106, 107; wet dress in, 96–97; wet sheet in, 96, 104; women in, 97, 103–4

Hygeio-Therapeutic College, 102

hygiene: in chiropractic, 231; in homeopathy, 126, 132; in hydropathy, 87–88, 108–9, 111–12; in irregular medicine, 259; in regular medicine, 245–46

hypnosis, 160–61, 180

The Illustrated Self-Instructor in Phrenology and Physiology
, 69

Improved System of Botanic Medicine Founded Upon Current Physiological Principles
(Howard), 46

infinitesimals, law of, 118–19, 121–22

“Innate Intelligence,” 221–22

innovation, 257–58

integrative medicine, 256–57

irregular medicine: advocates of, 21; choice to use, 18; in eighteenth century, 12; exclusion of African Americans from, 20; inclusion of women in, 19–20; influence on regular medicine of, 258–59; in nineteenth century, 2–3, 12; persistence of, 261–63; and reform movements, 11–12, 257–58; vs. regular medicine, 2–3, 7, 12–13; removal of restrictions on, 16; renewed interest in, 253–54; similarities between regular and, 259–60; strengths of, 262–63; view of regular doctors on, 16–17; women in, 249–50.
See also
alternative medicine

itinerant healers: mesmerists as, 166–67; phrenologists as, 68–69; Samuel Thomson as, 28–29

Jackson, Andrew, 11

Jefferson, Thomas, 14, 161

Jenner, Edward, 118

Johnson, Andrew, 72

Jo's Boys
(Alcott), 135

Journal of Holistic Medicine
, 255

Journal of Osteopathy
, 218, 227

Journal of the American Medical Association
: on chiropractic, 234–35; on patent medicines, 201, 205, 206

Karlsbad (Germany) spas, 86

Kellberg Institute, 1

King, Dan, 142–43

King, John, 187, 188

Kirksville College of Osteopathy, 227

Kneipp, Sebastian, 112

laboratory science, 140

Ladies' Magazine
on phrenology, 63–64

Lafayette, Marquis de, 154, 161

Lafontaine, Charles, 160–61

Laughlin, George, 227

Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent, 155

law of infinitesimals, 118–19, 121–22

law of similars, 117–18

Law of the Artery, 216

laxatives, 8

leadership, 260

Leaves of Grass
(Whitman), 73–74

Lectures to Ladies on Anatomy and Physiology
(Gove), 99

leeches, 7, 8

licensing: for irregular medicine, 245; for manual medicine, 237–38; for regular medicine, 16, 245; and Samuel Thomson, 36–37

lifestyle choices: hydropathy and, 87–88, 91–92; and prevention, 259

Lillard, Harvey, 209–10, 220–21, 224

Lily
(newspaper), 97

Lincoln, Abraham, 6

Ling, Per Henrik, 1–2

Little Women
(Alcott), 134–35

lobelia, 24, 25, 27, 30–31

Locke, John, 38

London Mesmeric Infirmary, 160

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 73, 133

Loos, Julia M., 144

Louis XVI (King), 155, 161, 164

Lovett, Ezra, 43–44

Luden Brothers Cough Drops, 205

Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound, 188, 190–92, 201, 206

Magendie, Francois, 100

magnet(s): medical, 255; in mesmerism, 149–50

Magnetic Cure Infirmary, 220

magnetic fluids, 170

magnetic healing: by Daniel David Palmer, 219–20; by Phineas Parkhurst Quimby, 147; by Andrew Taylor Still, 214

magnetic sleep, 158–60

magnetic substance in mesmerism, 150

magnetism, animal.
See
animal magnetism

magnetized objects in mesmerism, 110, 151, 152–53, 156, 158

magnetizer in mesmerism, 165, 167, 169, 180

malaria, 3, 117

Mann, Horace, 68

manual medicine, 209–41; appeal of, 229–31; chiropractic as, 209–10, 218–28, 229–30; criticism of, 233, 234–35; educational expansion of, 226–28; and germ theory, 231–33; historical precedents of, 210–13; lawsuits against, 235–37; licensing for, 237–38; osteopathy as, 210, 213–18, 226–29; supporters of, 233–34; survival of, 238–41

Mapp, Sarah, 211

Marie Antoinette, 155, 164

marriage: based on phrenology, 53–54, 63, 71; Thomas and Mary Gove Nichols on, 110

Martineau, Harriet, 62, 154

Massachusetts Homeopathic Medical Society, 136

Massachusetts Medical Association, 62

Massachusetts Medical Society, 189

Massachusetts Metaphysical College, 175

Master of Self for Wealth, Power, and Success
(Haddock), 179

Materia Medica Pura
(Hahnemann), 120, 121

Medical and Surgical Reporter
on eclectics, 48

medical gymnastics, 1

Medical Record
: on medical education, 16; on regular medicine, 14

medical schools, 15–16, 246–49

medical science, 15, 17, 139, 245