Authors: Richard Holmes
prorogues Parliament (1703), 238
supports occasional conformity, 239
informed of Blenheim victory, 298
and tacked Occasional Conformity Bill, 299
Sarah’s breach with, 301
and Emperor’s offer of honour to Marlborough, 302
gives dowry to Marlborough’s daughter Mary, 303
and general election (1703), 304
sends reassuring letter to Marlborough, 322
values Marlborough’s advice, 327
all-party government, 351, 353–4, 363
health decline, 353–4, 463, 468
and Whig junto, 353
and appointment of successor to Peter Mews, 355
appoints Somers to Cabinet, 364
and Whig ascendancy, 412
declines Marlborough’s request for captain generalcy for life, 413, 415, 436–7
final meeting with Sarah, 436, 442
praises Malplaquet victory, 438
dismisses Godolphin, 443
dissolves Parliament (1710), 444
Sarah corresponds with after breach, 445
insists on dismissal of Sarah and daughters, 448–9
Marlborough meets (1710), 449
ceases payments on Blenheim Palace, 450
receives Willigo Godolphin with peppercorn rent for Blenheim, 454
dismisses Marlborough, 461
and payments to Marlborough, 461
approves Marlborough’s departure for continent, 463
and Hanoverian succession, 467–8
death and burial, 469–70
and Marlborough’s return from continent, 469
Marlborough pleads for mercy for libeller, 480
see also
Cockpit, the
Antwerp:
French wish to control, 66
Allied attempt on (1703), 241–4
Marlborough takes, 349
Marlborough proposes as capital of Spanish Netherlands, 371
Marlborough visits (1812–13), 464, 467, 469
Arco, Jean Baptiste, comte d’, 270–4, 276
Ardennes, 249
Argyll, Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of, 94–6, 108, 110–11, 128
Argyll, John Campbell, 2nd Duke of:
fights duel, 21
shares command with Cadogan, 211
attacks Ramillies, 344
at Oudenarde, 386
on Webb’s loquaciousness, 401
opposes Marlborough’s bid for captain generalcy for life, 415
at Malplaquet, 426, 428
denies wearing breastplate, 428
supports Harley, 442
purged from army, 467
command in 1715 Jacobite rebellion, 470
qualities, 477
Arleux, 454, 456
Arlington, Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of, 45–7, 51, 60, 63, 69, 76
arms and armour:
development and supply, 204–5
Armstrong, Captain-Lieutenant Sir Thomas, 17
army (British):
under Charles II, 48–50, 53–4, 78
officers’ commissions and careers, 54–5, 446–7
James II’s, 131–5
Catholics in, 132–4, 140
and conspiracy against James II, 140
Marlborough advocates reform, 140
Marlborough remodels under William, 158–9
mutiny (1689) and desertions, 158, 160, 221–2
supply and foraging, 160–1
unrest and dissatisfaction in, 160
reduced after Treaty of Ryswick, 189
strength of units, 216, 221
recruitment, 221
qualities and character, 477–8
Arneth, Alfred, Ritter von, 375
Arni, Eric Gruber von, 266, 306
Arras, 453, 455
Artagnan, Charles de Batz de Castelmore, comte d’, 76
Artaignan, Lieutenant General Joseph de Montesquiou, comte d’, 384, 387–8, 424, 432
artillery
see
cannon
Ashe House, Dorset, 41–3
asiento de negros
, 458
Asse, Flanders, 374–5
Ath, 349, 395
Athens:
siege of Acropolis (1687), 74
Athlone, General Godert de Ginkel, 1st Earl of, 169, 171, 224
Atkinson, C.T., 80, 171, 184, 429
Atkyns, Captain Richard, 40
Aubach, Lieutenant General, Count of, 312
Aubenchel le Sec, 454
Aughrim, battle of (1691), 16, 171
Augsburg, 251
see also
League of Augsburg
Augustus II, King of Poland-Lithuania, 357
Aulnois gap, 422–3
Austria (Empire):
in War of Spanish Succession, 193, 362
Hungary rebels against, 250–1
war with Spain, 459
Auvergne, Major General François Egon de la Tour, 426, 430
Avesnes le Comte, 455
Axminster, 113
Aylmer, Admiral Matthew, Baron, 137
Ayres, Captain (of
Gloucester
), 97–8
Baden, Ludwig Wilhelm I, Margrave of (Prince Louis):
and Boufflers’ advance on Rhine, 224
command on Rhine, 241, 251–2, 268
military career, 251
Marlborough promises to supply, 253
favours attack on Moselle, 255–6
at the Schellenberg, 268, 270–2, 274–5
disagreements with Marlborough, 270
objects to plundering of Bavaria, 278
and Marlborough/Eugène’s strategy, 279
at siege of Landau, 305
defeated at Speyerbach, 305
misses Blenheim, 305, 309
and Marlborough’s 1705 campaign, 309–10, 312
wounded at Schellenberg, 309
takes waters, 311
exasperates Marlborough by slow progress, 326
and Marlborough’s 1706 campaign plans, 330–1
defeated on Rhine by Villars (1706), 331–2
Baden, Treaty of (1714), 459
Bank of England:
established (1694), 189
Barcelona:
captured by British, 329
Barillon, Paul, 109
Barrier Treaty, First (1709), 435
Bart, Jean, 188
Bastide, comte de la, 272
Bate, Revd Richard and Elizabeth, 22
Bath:
in Monmouth rebellion, 117
Anne’s court in, 180
Sarah visits, 239
Bathurst, Sir Benjamin, 108, 190
Bathurst, Frances, Lady (
née
Apsley), 104, 108
battle, order of, 212–13
Bavaria:
defects to France, 248, 249–50, 252
Prince William of Baden in, 251
Marlborough fails to defeat, 261
troops at Donauwörth, 273
harassed
and plundered, 277–8, 283, 480
Tallard joins, 277–9, 280–1
and battle of Ramillies, 333, 338, 346
and absorption of Mindelheim, 463, 466
Bavaria, Maximilian Emmanuel, Elector of:
allies with French, 193, 239, 250
at Höchstädt, 248
and Marlborough’s campaign in Germany, 251, 253–4, 256, 268
at Donauwörth, 269–72
Marlborough harries, 277–8, 283
and confusion of command, 282
underestimates Marlborough’s strength at Blenheim, 282
at battle of Blenheim, 289, 294
joins Villeroi on Rhine, 305
support from Duke of Berwick, 370
threatens Brussels, 402–3
disagreements with Villars, 412
Bavay, 422, 432, 434
Beachy Head, battle of (1690), 168
Beaufort, Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of, 114, 116–17, 147
Beaumont, John, 140
Bedburg, 258
Bedmar, Isidor Jean Joseph Dominique de la Cueva de Benavide, Count of, 242, 244
Behn, Aphra, 18
Beinheim, Major General, 275
Belcastel, Pierre de, 253
Belfort, 249
Bellew, Colonel Thomas, 19, 24
Bence-Jones, Mark and Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd, 27
Benson, William, 22
Bentinck, Anne (
née
Villiers), 162
Bentinck, William
see
Portland, 1st Earl of
Bergen op Zoom, 242, 246
Bergeyck, Jean de Brouchoven, comte de, 371
Bergh, Johan van den, 371, 438–9
Berkeley House, Piccadilly, 180–1
Berkeley, Colonel John
see
Fitzharding, Baron
Berkeley, George, 1st Earl of, 180
Berkeley, Rear Admiral John, 3rd Baron, 183
Berlin:
Marlborough visits, 305, 329
Berry, Sir John, 97–9
Berwick, Anne, Duchess of (
née
Bulkeley), 165
Berwick, James FitzJames, Duke of:
status, 3
memoirs, 8
dukedom, 27
defeats Galway at Almanza, 28, 209, 356
birth, 48
suppresses Protestant insurrection, 130
replaces Oxford as colonel of Blues, 138
and William’s invasion of England, 148, 150
and Jacobite rebellion (1715), 153
marriage, 165
secret visits to England, 186–7
on Schomberg’s garter at Boyne, 195
captures Kerr, 215
on Marlborough’s defeat of Boufflers, 230
requests pass for master of horse, 248
command in Spain, 350, 358
sends troops to Italy and Toulon, 358–9
command in Spanish Netherlands (1708), 370, 372, 379, 393
Louis XIV suggests sending support to Elector of Bavaria, 370
and Allied siege of Lille, 395–6
Marlborough maintains relations with, 467
Bethkany, Countess Eleanora, 266
Béthune, 393, 419, 451, 455
Biron, Lieutenant General Charles Armand de Gontaut, marquis de, 382–4, 392
Bishop, Corporal Matthew:
on campaigns, 8
at battle of Oudenarde, 390
at demolition of Ypres ramparts, 393
on casualties at Malplaquet, 433–4
on ending of war, 462
qualities, 477
Black Forest, 250
Blackader, Colonel John:
papers, 8
on campaign in Germany (1704), 265
piety, 265
on speed of movement in Marlborough’s 1705 campaign, 311
at battle of Ramillies, 340–1
at battle of Oudenarde, 389
at siege of Lille, 397
on casualties at Malplaquet, 433
Bland, Sir John, 280
Blandford, John Churchill, Marquess of (Marlborough’s son):
portrait, 12
death from smallpox, 16, 234–6, 257, 481
birth, 102
family life, 190
Blandford, William (Willigo) Godolphin, Marquess of, 449, 454
Blanzac, Brigadier Charles de La Rochefoucauld-Roye, marquis de, 296, 366
Blathwayt, William, 90, 134–5, 158, 200, 207, 210–11
Blenheim, battle of (1704):
Franco-Bavarian army defeated, 252
deployment and engagement, 282–96, 479
casualties, prisoners and captured equipment, 296–7
effect of victory on Tories, 298
effect on French, 356
fought on Sunday, 478–9
Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire:
building, 4, 301–2, 321, 351–2, 472–3
Vanbrugh designs, 300–1
cost and payments for, 301–2, 412, 445, 463, 472
Anne ceases payments for, 450
Marlboroughs occupy, 473
Hawksmoor takes over building, 477
Sarah finishes, 477
Bléron Farm, 424
Blood, Colonel Holcroft, 272, 280, 291, 305, 313
Bloody Assizes (1685), 126, 129
Bolingbroke, Henry St John, Viscount:
on peerage, 29
Toryism, 36