Authors: Richard Holmes
criticises Almanza campaign, 209
succeeds Blathwayt as secretary at war, 258
and Marlborough’s 1705 campaign, 312
and Cardonnel’s report in
London Gazette
, 325
in Anne’s all-party government, 353
as lord keeper, 444
and Marlborough’s powers of promotion, 447
on Sarah’s dismissal by Anne, 450
negotiates Peace of Utrecht, 458, 462
viscountcy, 458
on Marlborough’s departure for continent, 463
and James Francis Edward Stuart’s claims to succession, 468
heads government in succession to Oxford, 469
and Marlborough’s return from continent, 469
George I dismisses, 470
praises Marlborough, 482
Letters on the Study of History
, 482
Bonn:
siege and capture (1703), 241–2, 249
Bordet, Colonel du, 272, 274
Boscawen, Jael, 104
Boser Couter, 386, 388
Bossu gap, 422–3
Bostaquet, Captain Isaac Dupont de, 147, 167, 198
Bothmar, Major General Hans Kaspar, Baron von, 295, 297, 373, 375, 448, 450, 469–70
Bouchain, 453, 457
Boufflers, Marshal Louis François, duc de:
travels incognito, 216
in Spanish Netherlands in 1703 campaign, 224–7, 229–30
qualities, 230, 395
defends Lines of Brabant, 242, 244, 246
and siege of Lille, 395, 399
surrenders Lille, 402–4
falls ill, 412
joins Villars, 421
in battle of Malplaquet, 423–4, 430–2
on wounded at Malplaquet, 433
Bourbon dynasty, 459
Bourlon Wood, near Cambrai, 456
Bowshire, Flurry, 32
Boyle, Henry, Baron Carleton, 373, 379, 394–6, 398
Boyle, Robert, 14
Boyne, battle of the (1690), 16, 93, 157, 168
Brabant:
cost of war in, 329
French collapse in, 348–50
in Marlborough’s 1708 strategy, 371
Brabant, Lines of, 240, 242–3, 246–8, 312–16, 326
demolished, 323–4
Brandenburg, Elector of
see
Frederick I, King of Prussia
Breda, Declaration of (1660), 44–5
Brenner Pass, 250
Brest:
failed attack on (1694), 182–4
Breusch, river, 80
Bridgewater, Elizabeth, Countess of (
née
Churchill; Marlborough’s daughter):
birth, 102
marriage, 234
birth of son, 253
death from smallpox, 468, 471
Bridgewater, Scrope Egerton, 4th Earl of, 234
Bridgwater, Somerset, 120–1, 123, 125
Bridport, Dorset, 112–13
Brihuega, Spain, 209, 303, 357
Bringfield, Colonel James, 222, 343
Brinvilliers, Marie Madeleine Gobelin, marquise de, 66–7
Bristol:
in Monmouth rebellion, 116–18, 120
Bruce, Charles, Baron, 31–2
Bruges, 89, 349, 372, 375–8, 393, 397, 399, 402, 404, 406–7
Brussels, 348, 371, 373, 375, 394–5, 402–3
Brydges, James, 439
Buckingham, George Villiers, 2nd Duke of, 63–4
The Battle of Sedgemoor
, 127
Buckingham, John Sheffield, 1st Duke of (
earlier
3rd Earl of Mulgrave and Marquess of Normanby):
requests marquessate of James II, 26
relations with Princess Anne, 103
on desertions from James II, 155
dukedom, 238
builds Buckingham House (later Palace), 239
Marlborough warns Godolphin of, 280
gives up Privy Seal post, 298, 304
Sarah’s opposition to, 298
Buhl, 250
Bulkeley, Henry, 165
Bulow, General Kuno Josua von, 374, 385
Burgundy, Louis of France, Duke of:
campaign in Flanders (1708), 216, 369, 371, 378–9
relations with Vendôme, 370, 378, 390
and battle of Oudenarde, 382–3, 385–6, 389–90
Louis XIV instructs, 393–4
fails, 412
death, 462
Burnet, Gilbert, Bishop of Salisbury:
collaboration with Sarah Marlborough, 7
on death of Elizabeth Gaunt, 18
on Charles II’s standing army, 49
on Charles II’s storytelling, 57
on legitimising Monmouth, 77
on judicial torture, 94
drafts memoir for Sarah on James II, 96
on loss of
Gloucester
, 97
on Marlborough’s mission to Louis XIV, 109
on French persecution of Protestants, 130
on conspiracies against James II, 136
on Duke of Berwick, 148
on Mackay, 172
and William’s view of Marlborough, 174
attitude to Marlborough, 190
in Duke of Gloucester’s court, 190
informs Anne of succession to throne, 194
History of His Own Times
, 148, 175–6, 190, 449
Burton, Ivor, 31, 423, 461
Butler, Iris:
Rule of Three
, 237
Buys, Willem, Pensioner of Amsterdam, 324
Byng, Admiral George (
later
Viscount Torrington), 137, 215
Byng, John, 15
cabal, 52, 78
Cadogan, Bridget (
née
Waller), 210
Cadogan, Charles, 2nd Baron, 30
Cadogan, Henry, 210
Cadogan, Margaretta, Countess (
née
Munter), 212
Cadogan, General William, 1st Earl:
papers, 6–7, 212
Toryism, 36
background and career, 210–12
as Marlborough’s quartermaster-general, 210–11, 213–14, 217, 220, 368, 391
peerages and titles, 211–12, 310
develops Marlborough’s operational plans, 214
as intelligence chief, 214–16, 260, 283
and enemy strength, 216–17
commands cavalry of advance guard, 217, 225
correspondence with Marlborough, 218
on command in 1704 campaign, 254
escapes from Dunkirk privateer, 254
draws up strategic plans, 256
on Overkirk’s support for Marlborough, 259
at the Schellenberg, 271
at battle of Blenheim, 291
on campaign of 1705, 309, 317
as Constable of Tower, 327
at battle of Ramillies, 333–5, 444
on Dutch administration of liberated Spanish Netherlands, 361
captured at siege of Tournai and exchanged, 367–8
succeeds Stepney as envoy to Southern Netherlands,
368
Marlborough sends to Flanders to counter French landing in Scotland, 369
and Flanders campaign (1708), 373, 375–6, 380
at battle of Oudenarde, 379–84, 385–6
attends council of war with Marlborough, 391
supervises battering train in Flanders, 394
sends instructions to Earle, 398
escorts Earle, 399
relieves Webb, 400
on wretched condition of French deserters, 411
and casualties at Malplaquet, 434
wounded in neck at Mons, 434–5
avarice, 438, 440
gambling, 439
money management, 439–40
goes to relieve Arleux, 454
and Marlborough’s 1711 attack on Villars, 455–6
presents papers to commissioners of public accounts, 460
accompanies Marlborough on 1712 trip to continent, 464
as envoy in The Hague, 464
Marlborough transfers money to, 464
supports succession of George I, 467
returns to favour and positions with Marlborough, 470–1
at Marlborough’s funeral, 475
Calais, 451
Calcinato, battle of (1706), 347
Calvert, Charlotte, 62
Calvo, Count, 71
Camaret Bay letter (1694), 183–5, 188
Campbell, James, 30, 431
Campbell, Colonel John, 29–30
Campden House, Kensington, 163
Canche, river, 453
cannon (artillery):
deployment, 286, 316, 478
Cape Breton Island, 459
Cape St Vincent:
Anglo-Dutch convoy ambushed by French (1693), 182
Cardonnel, Adam de:
papers, 6, 219
on Dutch army, 200
as Marlborough’s private secretary, 218–20
as MP, 219
on campaign, 220
on death of Marlborough’s son, 236
on French defensive measures at Namur, 259
intelligence service, 260–1
on Marlborough at Blenheim, 293
on French prisoners after Blenheim, 296
pessimism over 1705 campaign, 310
drafts report for
London Gazette
on Marlborough’s frustration at Lines of Brabant, 324–5
and Marlborough’s Flanders campign (1708), 377
report on Webb’s Wynendaele battle, 400
dismissed (1710), 445
paid by Medina, 460, 463
expelled from Commons, 463
Carleton, Baron
see
Boyle, Henry
Carleton, George, 71–3
Carlisle, Anne, Countess of (
née
Capel), 327
Carlowitz, Peace of (1699), 250
Carnarvon, Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of, 27
Carrickfergus, 167–8
Casale, 90
Castle Howard, Yorkshire, 301
Castlemaine, Countess of
see
Cleveland, Duchess of
Castlemaine, Roger Palmer, Earl of, 58, 60, 65
Catherine of Braganza, Queen of Charles II, 49, 51, 62
Catherine
(yacht), 97
Catholics:
under James II, 78, 128–9, 131–2
in army, 132–4, 140
see also
Jacobites
Catinat, Marshal Nicholas de, 224
Chamillart, Michel de, 260–1, 282, 287, 292, 368, 396, 412
Chanclos, Brigadier Urbain de, 376–9
Chandler, David:
on siege warfare, 70
on Donauwörth, 276
on Marlborough’s depression at reverses in Flanders, 372
on Malplaquet, 428
Marlborough as a Military Commander
, 6
Chard, Somerset, 113–15
Charleroi, 378, 454
Charles I, King of Great Britain and Ireland:
height, 13
execution, 14, 17, 39
Charles II, King of Great Britain and Ireland:
fashion, 13
mistresses, 13, 57, 62
and succession to throne, 16, 91
grants favours, 24–6
ennoblements, 27
Whigs support, 35
popular appeal, 37
restoration (1660), 44–5
army, 48–50, 53–4, 78
marriage to Catherine of Braganza, 49, 51
sells Dunkirk to France, 48
Catholic sympathies, 51
pro-French policy, 51
and alliance with Dutch against France, 52–3
life in London, 55–7
dogs, 56–7
affair and children with Barbara Cleveland, 57–8, 62, 64
and French war with Dutch, 67–8, 77
disfavours Marlborough, 69–70
asks Parliament for money for Dutch War, 77
disparages Monmouth, 77
Marlborough returns to favour after Maastricht, 77
dissolves Parliament, 91
and Popish Plot, 91
assassination attempts on, 92
seeks financial help from Louis XIV, 92
Marlborough plays tennis with, 100
declines Marlborough as Secretary of State, 102