Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century (191 page)

ecology, 582–6;
see also
animal behaviour

economics: and society, 646–55;
see also
acquisitive society; affluence; business-cycle theory; capitalism; consumerism; corporations (business); famines; free market

economics; Great Depression; Great Society; growth;
laissez-faire
; living standards; monetarism; New Deal; New Growth Theory; planned society; poverty; stagflation; underclass; unemployment; welfare state; and Bretton Woods; Wall Street Crash; and individual economists in Index of Names, People and Places

Ediacara, 686

edification (philosophy), 669–70

education: and abolition of schools, 535–6; criticised in USA, 729–31; in democracies, 77–8; and equality of opportunity, 533–6; and neighborhood effect, 519; popular, 220;
see also
universities

ego, the, 37

Eight-Fold Way, 509

élan vital see
life force

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 501

electronic music, 624

electronics, 477

electrons, 21–2, 37, 64, 93, 134, 258–9, 261–3, 267;
see also
particle physics

elephants: studied, 611–12, 618

elevators (lifts), 81n

emergent properties, 701

empiricism, 76, 91, 235, 632

encyclicals (papal)
see
Index of Names, People and Places under Popes John XXIII; Pius X and Pius XII

energy: emission of, 22–3

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator), 364–5

Enigma (code machine), 361–2, 364

Enovid (birth-control pill), 429

entropy, 22

environment
see
ecology

épuration
(French post-war purging), 409, 411

Erhard Seminar Training (EST), 598

ethnic cleansing, 766

ethology
see
animal behaviour

eugenics, 44, 113, 115, 242, 318;
see also

race theory

Eurodollars, 590

evidential research, 70

evolution: as ‘best idea, ever’, 3, 694; Catholic Church resists, 67–8; as concept, 66; and consciousness, 702, 756; effect on US intellectual life, 453; end of, 753; evolutionary synthesis, 371; human place in, 253–5, 371–2; and knowledge forms, 757–8; and Nietzsche’s philosophy, 40; popular acceptance of, 121, 124; and progress, 246; and racial differences, 121–2, 124–5; and recent human history, 752; religious response to, 207–8, 290; and right to exist, 617; and ‘saltation’, 372–3; and Scopes trial (Tennessee), 207; slow pace of, 71, 124–5; and stable strategy (ESS), 619–20; Teilhard de Chardin on, 577–8; teleology of, 769; theoretical work and writings on, 692–8;
see also
Darwinism

exclusion principle (physics), 259

existentialism, 407–8, 410–12, 414, 421, 630; and religion, 575–6

Explorer
(US space vehicle), 484

Expressionism, 56; in cinema, 221–2

Fabianism, 293

family life, 451, 601

family planning, 428–9

famines, 651

fascism: as danger in USA, 435; rise of, 224–6, 234; Socialist hostility to, 287; in Switzerland, 306

Fauvism, 60, 129, 165

feminism, 276–7, 422–3, 430–1, 530–2, 536

Fibonacci sequence, 747–8

films and cinema: beginnings, 86–9; creative innovations in (‘new wave’), 636–9; documentary, 327–8; Expressionist, 221–2; in India, 712; madness in, 490–1; Orson Welles and, 348–9; popularity, 234–5; and propaganda, 328–9, 331; realism in, 327; sound introduced, 326; in USSR, 329–30

fixed action patterns
see
animal behaviour

flexible accumulation, 680

flight: beginnings, 83–5, 89; and jet propulsion, 268–9; and Soviet aeronautics, 482–3

fossils
see
palaeontology

fractals, 746

Francophone thought, 753

free market economics, 650–2, 655–6, 753, 766–7

freedom
see
liberty

Freudianism
see
psychoanalysis

‘frodos’, 738

fruit fly see Drosophila melanogaster futurism, 164, 166

Gaia theory, 693

genes: and cancer research, 661; discovery of, 17; mathematics of, 748; physical composition, 373–4; and survival, 619–20;
see also
DNA; human genome project

Genesis, 573, 755

generic engineering, 616

genetic epistemology, 500

genetic fingerprinting, 682–3

genetics: de Vries on, 17–8; and ethics and social behaviour, 617–19, 693; and inheritance mechanism, 113–15; Mendel’s discoveries in, 18–19; Morgan’s theory of, 113–15; and mutation, 374; and race theory, 309–11; in Soviet Union, 318–21, 473–6;
see also
human genome project

geology: and age of earth, 124; and fossil

distribution, 122; and origins of life, 686;
see also
continental drift

German intuition, 240

Gestalt, 31–2

glands, ductless, 102–3

Gleitende, das,
29–30

global warming, 586

globalisation, 754

gluons, 667

God: proofs of existence, 30–1

gorillas: studied, 610–11, 618

‘great attractor’ (cosmology), 755

Great Depression (1930s), 340–2, 519, 646

‘Great Refusal’ (Mercuse), 503

Great Society (USA), 375, 376–7, 516, 518, 521–2, 533, 536, 596, 654

Great Terror (USSR), 320–3, 334, 386

Great War (1914–18)
see
World War I

‘green’ movement, 585

greenhouse effect
see
global warming

growth (economic), 648–50

guanine, 480

gulag (USSR), 541–4

hallucinogenic substances, 597

heart transplants
see
transplants (organ)

Hinduism, 762

historicism, 379–81, 557–64, 632

history: and progress, 254–5; ‘wars’, 728–9

Holocaust, 352, 435, 734–5, 764;
see also
Jews

homme révolté,
I’, 409, 628

Homo
genus
see
man: origins and fossil evidence

homosexuality: and AIDS, 657–8, 662; in Genet, 415–16; and liberalisation, 526; and Mann’s
Death in Venice
, 135–6; prevalence, 529; in Proust, 199–200

hormones, 102

human genome project, 615, 700, 738

hydrogen bomb, 506–8

identity crisis, 506

ideology: end of, 447–9, 753, 760; false consciousness of, 632

idioplasm, 33

ignorance: as veil, 548–9

Immaculate Conception, 68

immortality: prospect of, 755

immunosuppressants, 659–60

imperialism, 48, 50;
see also
decolonisation

Impressionism, 27–8, 59, 64, 127–8

Index of Prohibited Books (Catholic Church), 297

individualism, 27;
see also
narcissism

infantile sexuality, 13, 34

inflation (in early universe), 741

information technology, 605;
see also

Internet

innate releasing mechanisms
see
animal behaviour

inner-directed people, 433

insanity
see
mental illness

Insight, 598

Intelligence Quotient (IQ): and Bell Curve, 698–9; and educational

attainment, 533–4; tests, 146–50, 206, 375, 533, 535

intentional fallacy, the, 635

intercesseurs, 61

Interface Message Processor (IMP), 737

intermediate technology, 586

international style (art and architecture), 331–2, 622

Internet, 736–8

interpretation (in art forms), 515

intuition: in science, 471–2

IQ
see
Intelligence Quotient

Islam, 761–2

jet propulsion, 268–70, 365

justice, 517–19, 548–9, 677–9;
see also
liberty

K/T boundary, 686, 688

Kaposi’s sarcoma, 657

kerygma,
576–7

‘kitchen-sink’ drama, 463–4

Kitsch,
221

knowledge: forms of, 667–72, 676–7, 757–8, 760; limits to, 755, 764–6

Kristallnacht (1938), 394

laissez-faire
(economics), 41

‘Lamb shift’, 508

language: classification of, 690–2; and deconstruction, 631–2; formation and learning of, 497, 695; as instinct, 695; as mental construct, 630–1; and modes of discourse, 626; origins of, 689–91, 695, 696–7;
see also
Mother Tongue

lentiviruses, 660

leukemia, 658–60

liberalism: and education, 30–2; and equality, 519; and intellectual tradition, 452; and narcissism, 600

liberty (freedom), 517–19, 544–51, 579, 645, 753

libraries (early), 251

life: origins of, 684–6, 748–9

life force
(élan vital),
66–7

light: nature of, 94–5, 260

Linear A and B scripts (Crete), 16

lions: studied, 608, 611, 618

living standards, 647–8

logic: Wittgenstein’s theory of, 159–61

logical positivism, 235, 306, 766

longue durée, la
, 559–60, 563, 624, 752

LSD, 502

lynchings: in USA, 283

M-theory, 745

Mach number, 36

magic: in religions, 602–3

magic realism (literary), 706–9

magnetic anomalies, 553–4

man: distribution and migration, 555—6, 564, 689–92, 752, 754; origins and fossil evidence, 370–2, 484–7, 555, 607, 612–14, 675, 688–9

March on the Pentagon (1967), 538

March on Washington (1963), 523

Marxism: and Budapest Sunday Circle, 180; and culture, 466; and Darwinism, 319–21; and Frankfurt School, 224–5; and French existentialists, 410–11; and Freud, 225, 437, 752; and history, 561–2; Popper on, 380; resurgence in France, 625–6, 632–3, 752; and revisionism, 235; scientists’ adherence to, 316; and socio-economic change, 445; Weber refutes, 46; and women’s liberation, 530;
see also
communism

masochism, 34

mass society: and conformity, 503; and counterculture, 595

mathematics: as abstract concept, 677; foundations of, 24, 98–102; and German refugees to USA, 352–3; and Gödel’s theorem, 270–1; journals, 351–2; limits to, 764; and phenomenology, 31; and understanding of life, 747–9, 751; and wartime code-breaking, 362–4