Myanmar's Long Road to National Reconciliation (59 page)

Kachin ethnic groups,
xxvii
,
43
,
45

and development of civil society,
164–65

Kachin Independence Organization (KIO),
4
,
53
,
64

and ceasefire movement,
44
,
51
,
53

and National Convention,
46

and Shalom Foundation,
162

and training programmes,
58

Kachin State,
43
,
50
,
224

Kambawza Bank,
93 n. 12

Karen Development Committee,
59

Karen ethnic groups, conflict with Mon,
42

political rebellion,
42–43

Karen National Defence Organizations,
234

Karen National Union (KNU),
xxiii
,
7
,
8
,
35
,
50

boycott of elections for 1947 Constituent Assembly,
43

and ceasefire movement,
xxiii
,
7
,
8
,
35
,
41
,
44
,
53
,
60
,
62

factions in,
8

insurgency,
8–9
,
52

and National Convention,
63

and U Nu,
44
;

Karen State, creation of,
43
,
50
,
57

Karenni ethnic group,
35
,
42–43

Karenni National Progressive Party,
53

Kayah State,
43
,
224

Kayan (ethnic group),
43

Keck, M.,
243

Keohane, R.,
249

Khin Nyunt, General,
xix
,
7
,
15
,
17
,
19
,
166

and Aung San Suu Kyi,
31

and ethnic groups,
34
,
35
,
36

and Ne Win,
14

and NLD,
31

and Razali Ismail,
31

and “road map”,
4
,
30
,
39
,
46

and Than Shwe,
32

cancellation of visits to Cambodia and Laos,
32

downfall of,
3–4
,
5
,
8
,
29
,
30
,
31–32
,
39
,
62
,
169
,
276

KIO,
see
Kachin Independence Organization

kitchen crops,
98

KNU,
see
Karen National Union

Kofi Annan,
xxxiii n. 3
,
46

Kokang region,
59
,
66
,
165
and CPB,
44

Korten, D.,
193
,
199
,
213

Kudo, T.,
99

Kuomintang,
43

Kyaw Nyein,
234
,
235

Kyaw Than, Doctor,
xxxii
,
124

Kyaw Win,
28 n. 32

Kyaw Yin Hlaing,
156

 

Lahu,
43
,
66

Laiza,
58

Land Care movement, in Australia,
119

Land Nationalization Act
of 1945,
88

Land Use Division (LUD),
101
,
102
,
112

land, for agriculture,
128
,
132

as collateral,
88

degradation of,
118–19

ownership rights,
128
,
132

Landes, D.,
92

landless rural households,
132

land-mines,
60

Laos, international aid to,
55
,
134
,
264

and refugees,
240

cancellation of visit by Khin Nyunt,
32

Lashio,
32

Least Developed Countries Report (UNCTAD),
264
,
265

least developed country status for Burma/Myanmar,
22
,
44
,
106
,
265

Lederach, J.P.,
224

Lee Kuan Yew,
272

lentils, production of,
128

liberalization, political,
281
,
288

Liddell, Zunetta,
157
,
193

Life Expectancy Index (LEI),
106

Livestock Breeding and Veterinary Department,
142
,
143
,
144

livestock production,
128
,
130

local militia, recognition of insurgent groups as,
45

loyalty, personal basis for,
167

LUD,
see
Land Use Division

Luxembourg,
106

 

Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public

Health,
200
,
207ff

macroeconomic problems,
85

Madeline Albright,
26 n. 18

maize,
102

Malaysia, Foot and Mouth Disease Programme,
134

foreign direct investment,
109

malnutrition,
41
,
57

Mandalay Agricultural College,
112

Mandalay University,
109

Mandela, Nelson,
222

Manor, J.,
191

Maran Brang Seng,
51

Marie Stopes International,
206

marketing strategies, for farmers,
118

marketing system,
129

martial law, declaration of,
236

Massachusetts, and “Burma Law”,
245

Maung Aye, Deputy Senior General,
xix
,
15
,
36

and ethnic groups,
35

move against MI,
32

Maung Maung, Doctor,
13
,
267
,
268
,
269

Maung Oo, Major General,
27 n. 29

Maykha
list server,
252

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF),
199

media, coverage of Myanmar,
xxiv
in colonial period,
155

methamphetamines,
53

Metta Development Foundation,
55
,
59
,
163
,
215
,
224
,
225

MI,
see
Military Intelligence

micro-credit,
114

military command system, and hierarchy,
167

Military Intelligence,
8
,
14
,
15
,
17
,
32
,
167

abolition of,
xx
,
30
,
32

allegations of corruption,
15–16

business interests of officers,
32
,
33

and North Korean bomb attack,
16

military regime,
36
,
279
,
282
,
285
,
287

closure of higher education institutions,
251

control of media,
242

economic mismanagement,
280

Free Burma campaigns,
247

policies of,
277
.
See also
State Law and Order Restoration Council, State Peace and Development Council

Mindon (King Mindon),
3

Minister for Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs,
114–15

Ministry for the Progress of Border Areas and National Races,
55

Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MOAI),
100
,
108
,
111
,
114
,
120
,
123
,
129
,
137

Ministry of Border Areas and National Races and Development Affairs,
114

Ministry of Cooperatives,
114

Ministry of Finance and Revenue,
85

Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
164

Ministry of Forestry,
114

Ministry of Health,
200

Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries,
114
,
129

MOAI,
see
Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation

Model Mechanized Farming Village Project,
114

“modern diplomacy”,
184

modernization, economic,
19

Mon ethnic groups, conflict with Karen,
42

insurgency,
42–43

and National Convention,
45

peace talks with,
44

Mon State, creation of,
43

Mon Women’s Organization,
58

Monash University,
xxx

monetization,
87

Money Lenders Act, 1947,
95 n. 27

money,
77
,
89

monetary system,
90

Monghla,
58
,
165

MSF,
see
Médecins Sans Frontières

Multi-Fibre Agreement,
94 n. 21

Muse,
32

Muslim Mujahids, peace talks with,
44

Myanma Cotton and Sericulture Enterprise,
102

Myanma Jute Industries,
102

Myanma Perennial Crops Enterprise,
102

Myanma Sugarcane Enterprise,
101

Myanmar Academy of Agricultural, Forestry, Livestock and Fishery Sciences,
111

Myanmar Agricultural Development Bank,
129
,
130

Myanmar Agriculture Service (MAS),
101
,
111
,
112
,
129

and rodent control project,
139

Myanmar Council of Churches,
58
,
71 n. 33

Myanmar Economic Holding Corporation Ltd,
171 n. 8

Myanmar Government,
xx

effects of Western pressure,
20–21

and Premier Oil,
185

Myanmar Literary Resource Centre,
198

Myanmar Livestock and Fisheries Development Bank,
129

Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association (MMCWA),
117
,
200

Myanmar Mayflower Bank,
93 n. 12

Myanmar Medical Association,
198

Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army,
64

Myanmar NGO Consortium on HIV/AIDS,
206

Myanmar Nurses Association,
206
,
207
,
211

Myanmar Red Cross Society,
207
,
208

Myanmar Women’s Entrepreneurs Association,
211

Myanmar,
41
,
106
,
107
,
108
,
127

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