Read Talking to the Enemy: Faith, Brotherhood, and the (Un)Making of Terrorists Online
Authors: Scott Atran
in Afghanistan, 247, 248–49
Balfour declaration, 85
colonialization of Middle East, 84–85, 89
“Crevice plotters,” 113, 272, 273
failed plot of medical cell, 2007, 113
judicial torture and, 424
London Underground bombing, 1, 261, 269, 270, 272, 273, 482
marginalization of Muslim youth, 270
partition of India, 227–28, 249–50
Scotland Yard, 96
terrorist plots thwarted in, 270
Greenspan, Alan, 495n 13
Gregory VII, Pope, 71
group love, 295–98, 301, 316–17, 334, 450
groupthink, 219–24
Guantánamo prison, 50, 149, 155, 175
Gul, Hamid, 231
Gunaratna, Rohan, 15, 18
Gun Gun, 159
Guns of August, The
(Tuchman), 31
Hafidin, Heri, 148
Haidt, Jonathan, 458–59
Hakimullah Mehsud, 265
Hamad, Ghazi, 365–66, 371–72
Hamas, 36, 89, 227, 268, 347, 489, 519n 6, 519n 7
Ashdod port bombing, 24, 26
Covenant (1988), 387
education/science background of members, 416
electorate base, 366
humiliation and vengeance, 358
Israeli offensives, 361–62, 370–71
Israel’s killing of leaders, 25
in Lebanon, 406, 497n 15
peace and, 366, 373–79, 396–400
slain leaders as heroes, 365
soccer team, 490
suicide bombers and, 362–64,
408
studies on moral imperative for terrorism, 341–44
suspension of “martyrdom actions,” 405
two faces (positions) of, 368–72
Hambali, 123, 134, 135, 136, 141, 143, 145, 146, 149, 153, 155–59, 161–62
Hamburg, Germany, 109
Al Qaeda group, 105–12, 113
Al Quds mosque, 107, 109–10, 110, 179
Hamdan, Osama, 347, 369, 405–6
Hamilton, William, 301, 302–3
Hamori, Basma, 406–9
Hamzi, Nawaf al, 160
Hanbali, Mohamed Al-, 363–64
Haniya, Ismail, 368, 374, 385
Hanjour, Hani, 106
Hansen, Ian, 416, 453
Harkat ul-Mujahedin, 295
Harrak, Saed El, 202
Harris, Sam, 410, 411–12, 415–16, 423
Hasan, Achmad, 150
Hasan, Malik Nadal, 276
Hassebroeack, Johannes, 334–35
Hayat, Sardar Sikandar, 230
Hayes, Rutherford B., 471
Henrich, Joe, 312, 434
Herbawi, Ahmed, 406–9
Herbawi, Mohammed, 405, 406–9,
408
Hidayat, Andi, 148
Hindus, 69, 379–80, 412, 441, 472
Balinese, 136–37
“historical determinism,” 469
Hitchens, Christopher, 410–11, 412, 415–16, 420–21
Hitler, Adolf, 336
Hizbollah, 176, 268, 370, 394, 497n 15, 533n 6
Hobbes, Thomas, 75, 318, 443
Holbrooke, Richard, 259
Hoodbhoy, Pervez, 236, 506n 11
Hose, Charles, 5, 6
Hruschka, Daniel, 312
Hryniewiechi, Ignacy, 93
Hugo, Victor, 470
humans/humanity, xii, xiv, 35, 61–66, 437.
See also
civilization
bravery, 293, 298–300, 314
the Cause and, 32–33
“cooperate to compete,” 39, 65, 298, 319, 456, 487
cooperation among, 293, 303, 310–12, 430–31, 457
“essentialism,” 306–9, 310
folk biology, 306–7
folk psychology, 313–14, 437
friendship, 309–12, 313, 334, 335
Good Prince Harry sentiment, 316–17
group behavior, 308–9
group love, 295–98, 301, 316–17, 334, 450
“imagined kin,” 13, 39, 300–305, 309, 310, 313
kinship and kinship theories, 300–305
Machiavellian game and, 314–16
mutation and recursion, 63
as own worst predator, 8, 307
parochial altruism, 298–300, 301, 343–44
personal identity and behavior, 35
rational vs. devoted actors, 393–96
religion and, 37–40, 69–70, 430, 444, 470–71
response to sexual stimuli and, 304–5
rights of, 39–40, 423–25, 460, 474, 475
scientific perspective on origins, 422
small group dynamics and, 33–35
socializing, 32–33, 62–63, 64, 313–14
as storytelling animal, 434–37
terrorism, antiquity of, 91–92
“theory of mind,” 63, 437
tweaking evolutionary proclivities, 304–5, 440
“us against them,” 295, 305–9
war and, 318–24
what it means to be human, 32–40
Humanity
(Glover), 9
Hume, David, 428, 434
Hunt, Lynn, 424
Hussain, Anwar, 232
Iatmul of New Guinea, 324
Ibn Abi Usay’bi, 79–80
Ibn Battuta, 494n 5
Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad, 84
Ibn Ishaq, Hunyan, 79
Ibn Khaldûn, 59, 61, 128, 451
Ibn Sa’ud, Mohammad, 84
Ibn Taymiyah, Taqi Ad-Din Ahmad, 59, 77, 83
Ibrahim, Amir, 165
Idris,
134,
148
Ignatius, David, 168
Ikhwan, 13
Illiev, Rumen, 380
Imagined Communities
(Anderson), 39
“imagined community,” 9, 39
“imagined kin,” 13, 39, 300–305, 309, 310, 313, 430–31
India
jihad against mandated, 229
Kashmir conflict and, 379–80
LeT attack on parliament, 232, 234
Mumbai attacks, 232, 234–35
Pakistan conflict, 227–28, 249–50
peace process and Pakistan, 230–31
Indonesia,
6. See also
Afghan Alumni
Atrium Mall bombing (2001), 156
Australian embassy bombing (2004), 149–50, 152
Bali bombings and, 135–54
bombing training camp in Java, 150
Christmas Eve bombings (2000), 143, 145–46
culture of, 6–7
first parliamentary elections, 499n 4
as frontier zone, 7
history, Sukarno and Suharto, and rise of Darul Islam, 139
Islamic Union (Persatuan Islam), 121
Jakarta hotel bombings, 135, 151, 164, 165–66
Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) in, 3, 11–13, 14, 18, 56, 115, 119–28
jihadis in, 176
Philippines ambassador’s residence bombing, 4, 123, 126, 145
religious healers in, 165, 166
Santa Ana bombings (2001), 157
schools, 502n 14
Sulawesi region, 3–23
support for violence in, 379
U.S. aid after tsunami, 232–33
In Search of Identity
(Sadat), 346
International Crisis Group, 166
Internet
“Al Ansar” chat room, 273
Al Qaeda as viral movement, 98
counterterrorism strategy for, 277
Global Islamic Media Front, 195, 196
global political cultures, 114, 476–77
jihadi martyrs and, 268
jihadi Web sites alternatives, 290–91
radical and militant Web sites, 275, 276, 474
radical imams’ use of, 277
Samudra Web site, 137
social networks for terrorists and, 275–76, 289–90, 478
terrorist recruitment and, 273
Umar Abdulmutallab’s Facebook page, 275, 477–78
White Pride Movement, 474
youth culture and, 471–72, 478
Inventing Human Rights
(Hunt), 424
Iqbal, Zafar, 148, 149, 234
Iran
Internet experiment on nuclear program, 380–81
revolution of 1979, 497n 15
state-supported terrorism and, 268
U.S. foreign policy and, 381
Iran-Iraq War, 497n 15
Iraq, 84–88
Al Jazeera news reports, 53–54
Al Qaeda in, 50
foreign Muslim fighters in, 48, 49, 56, 114–15, 127, 211, 211, 216
geography, history, and social structure, 245–46, 260
government, democracy, and, 246
Sarah Palin on war in, 465
“Sinjar” group for jihad and martyrdom, 326
suicide bombers in, 326
third wave of jihad and, 114, 261
U.S. war, 272, 319, 495n 13, 495n 15
Ireland, 368, 386, 388
Islam (Muslims), 77–90
Ash’ari, 80, 83
Christendom and, 38, 78–79, 81–82
as compassionate and peaceful, 415
democracy as blasphemous, 100
as destructive religion, 412, 413
discrimination in Europe, 55
early spread of, 45–47, 79–82, 451, 493n 8
expulsion from Spain, 46
fard al-’ayn
(duty to repel infidels), 103–4
fatwa
(religious decree), 83, 103
fiqh
(human law), 128–29
on
fitrah
(nature), 14–15
five pillars of, 111
globalization and, 472
governance and, 81
history of tolerance, 79
ijtihad
(de novo interpretation of law), 80
Imams, 83
ishtihad
(martyrdom), 83
jahiliyah
(contamination), 83
jihad and, 426
(see also
jihad)
jima
(community), 99
kuffar/kafir
(infidels), 19–20, 83, 100
Mongols and, 82–83, 84
muezzin call to prayer, 53
Muslim as social category, 309
Mu’tazili, 80, 83
nationalism and, 86–88
origins, 13, 78–79
paradise, promises of, 442
People of the Book and, 351
revivalism, 88–90, 429, 472, 476, 484
ritual and rise of civilization, 451–52
Salafi Islam, 83, 90, 99–100, 119, 141–42, 181, 271, 472–73, 497n 15
science and, 79–81
sharia
(law), 81, 83, 84
Shi’a Islam, 83, 89, 497n 15
as simple faith, 57, 79
Sufism, 83, 89, 125, 141, 142
suicide bombing and, 341–44, 360, 412
Sunni Islam, 83, 102, 497n 15
survey on 9/11 attacks, 57–58
“switched-at-birth” interview question, 14, 360
Takfiri Islam, 36, 497n 15 (see
also
Takfiri Islam)
taklif
(free will), 80
taqlid
(following law), 80–81
ulema
(jurists), 103