Talking to the Enemy: Faith, Brotherhood, and the (Un)Making of Terrorists (73 page)

Sjahir, Mohamad, 166

Slahi, Mohamedou, 112

small group dynamics.
See also
brotherhoods; social networks

Chicken Experiment, 220

cliques, 312

friendship and, 310–12, 406

groupthink, 219–24

men vs. women and sacrifice for, 325

radicalizing to violence and, 55–56

soccer and, 12–13, 48, 56, 189

Stanford Prison Experiment, 221

structural relationships in, 222

teamwork, 313–14

terrorists, choice of martyrdom, and, 36, 48–52, 58

terrorists and, 12–13, 27, 35, 56–57, 114, 124, 138–39, 146,
147,
149, 150, 162–67, 178–83, 189–90, 209–10, 211, 236, 268, 406–10

young men, war, and, xii, 56–57, 325

Smith, Adam, 59, 322–23, 329, 424

soccer

Barça, 51, 212, 218, 487

small group dynamics and, 12–13, 48, 56, 189

stars as heroes, 51–52, 212–13, 487–88

terrorists as teammates, 406, 490

in Tetuán, Morocco, 218–19,
219

Social Contract
(Rousseau), 393

social networks

brotherhoods, xii, 13, 27, 33, 39, 50, 56–57, 97

groupthink and peer pressure, 219–24

JI and, 162–67

loss of affiliation with Islam and, 284

obesity and, 222–23

ordinariness of terror and, 223

“organized anarchy” and, 206

qawm
(clan), 251

religious healers and, 166–67

as terrorist networks, 138–39, 146, 147, 149, 150, 162–67, 178–83, 189–90, 209–10, 236, 261, 271, 273, 289–90

tracking, and counterterrorism success, 261–62

Soldiers of Allah, 174

Somali, 98

Soviet Union.
See
Russia

Sowing Jihad, Reaping Terror
(Noordin), 164

Spain.
See also
Madrid train bombings

Abraham Lincoln Brigade and Civil War, 339

Al Andalus (Muslim Spain), 45, 46

Boabdil surrenders,
44,
46–47

counterterrorism forces, 176

expulsion of Jews/Muslims from, 46

Moors of, 45–47

Moroccan Muslims in, 176

Muslim desire to reconquer, 45, 47

political repercussions of train bombings, 173, 195, 201

Reconquista of, 46, 81

Spanish Civil War, 98

Spanish Inquisition, 73

Syrian Muslim immigrants, 174, 176

Sri Lanka, 412

Stalin, Joseph, 385, 523n 8

Stark, Rodney, 70–71

Sterelny, Kim, 315

Stone, Douglas, 132

Sudan, 99, 497n 15

Al Qaeda in, 102–3, 158

expulsion of Zawahiri and Bin Laden, 103, 257

Sufaat, Yazid, 160, 161

suicide bombers, 497n 15

Al Qaeda and, 102, 103

as altruists, 298

Australian embassy bombing (2004), 152

Bali bombing (2002), 4, 136, 137–38, 149

“Black Widows,” 327

bravery and, 337

as “devoted actors,” 393

Dimona attack bombers, 405–10

Egyptian embassy bombing, 102

facts, Israel-Palestine conflict, 358–62

fringe elements and, 150

Hamas and, 362–64, 385

Indian parliament attack, 232

killing of noncombatants, 136

mentors of, 167

Moscow subway bombings and, 327

motivations, 327–28, 359–60, 406–10, 425–26

Nabeel Masood, 24–27,
26

non-Islamic, 412

origins as political tool, 93

Pakistani Taliban, 265

Palestinian, 352–56

parents of, 216, 356, 405–9, 411–13

profile of, 113, 363, 410

religion and, 412, 425–26

in Russia, 93

sacred values and, xiv, 346

secular nationalists as, 412

small group dynamics and, 35

studies on moral imperative for terrorism, 341–44

suppository bomber, 277

Tetuán, Morocco Muslims as, 49

videos shown to, 172

women as, 326–28

Sulawesi, Indonesia, 3–23

author in Poso, 5–23

author’s studies of mujahedin in, 11

author threatened, 15–18

bombings in, 8

Butterfly Laskar, 19

Christian-Muslim violence, 8, 10–11, 18

JI training camp near Poso,
118

laskars in, 8, 17

location, 5,
6

Poso, town of, 7–8, 15, 126

Tentene, town of, 8, 18

Sunata, Abdullah, 152

Sungkar, Abdullah, 3, 13, 124, 125–26, 134, 136, 140–43, 158, 159

school established by, 122, 140

Sun Tzu, 316, 332

Syria

Hamas in, 405

massacre of Homs, 174, 493n 8

Middle East peace and, 396–97

Muslim Brotherhood, 109, 174

suicide bombers in, 412

Takfiri Islam, 36, 101, 102, 190, 384, 453–54, 497n 15

appeal of to young people, 270–71

call to killing/self-sacrifice, 454–55

enlistment into jihadi training and, 271

jihad as “sixth pillar” of Islam, 111

killing of Muslim civilians and, 101, 102, 180, 454, 499n 9

Madrid train bombings, 178, 180, 181

self-radicalizing and, 271–73, 276

Takfir wal Hijira and, 100

Taliban as
takfir,
257

way of, 111

Takfir wal Hijira, 100

Takouma mosque, 181

Taliban

Al Qaeda and, 260, 263

assassination of Massoud, 253

Bin Laden and, 263

Buddhas of Bamyan destruction, 244

counterterrorism measures and, 262–65

Deoband verision of Islam and, 235

drug trade and, 259

ideology, 255

leaders and division in, 262–63, 265

LeT and, 234

Omar, Mullah and, 244

Pakistan and, 231, 240, 254, 257, 258–59, 262

rule of Afghanistan and, 247, 264

schools, 235

supporters in Afghanistan, 253

as
takfir,
257

Thirty Years’ War and rise of, 250–54

Tamil Tigers, 326, 412

Tanweer, Shehzad, 418

Tanzania U.S. embassy bombing, 257

Taufik (Dani), 158

Tawfik bin Attash, 160

Tenet, George, 270

Tenggulun, Java, 119, 141

terrorism.
See also specific acts of

Algerian civil war and targeting of fellow Muslims, 101

American political candidates and, xiv

anarchism and, 92–98

anthropology applied to, xiii, 5

in antiquity, 274

banality of evil and, 221

as bottom up structure, 268, 276

condoning of killing of noncombatants, 57–58

costs of committing, 206–7

as decentralized, 97, 150, 267, 270

demystifying, 33

end of religion as cure for, xiv

facts, Israel-Palestine conflict, 358–62

as faith-related issue, xiii

field-based research, 287–89, 480–81

financing of, 207–8, 281

friendships and, 310, 479

groupthink, 219–24

how to fight, 210, 211–24

Jewish revolt against Rome, 91–92

lack of reason or rational calculation for committing, 340–44

leaderless resistance and, 473–74

meaning of term, 496n 1

new wave, 267–73

nihilism and, 5

nuclear threat, 231–32, 235, 236–40

as opportunistic, 208–9

“organized anarchy” and, 205–6

overreacting to danger, 267, 277, 455

Pink Elephant Fallacy and, 266–67

as political issue in U.S., 278–79

politics of fear and, 485

prison radicalization and, 279–84

publicity and media role, 273–79, 290

religion and, 406–7

risk of, small odds, 278

self-recruiting, 261, 270, 271–72, 277, 289–90

social and public health issue, 131, 132

state-supported, 228, 229, 230, 268, 496n 1

weapons of mass destruction and, 97

terrorists.
See also specific groups; specific individuals

experiment on trade-offs people are willing to make, 4

as extreme moralists, xiii, 5, 290–91, 341

guerrilla fighters vs., 366

motivations, xii-xiii, xiv, 13, 33, 55–56, 107, 114, 137–38, 341–44, 425–26

Nabeel Masood, 24–27,
26,
48–49

nonrationality/moral logic of, 11

pathological jihadists, 50

Poso, Sulawesi and, 7–8

profile/characteristics of, 36, 50, 106–7, 114, 223, 269–70, 290, 325

small group dynamics and, 36, 48–52, 97, 146,
147,
223–24, 406–10

talking to, 33, 36, 133, 277, 489

Yarkas group, 174, 175,
175,
178–83

Tetuán, Morocco, 49, 211–19, 479

Abdelkrim Khattabi primary school, viii, 49

al-Rohbane mosque, 217

Café Chicago, 49, 54

Dawa Tabligh mosque, 49, 211–12, 217

interview with Ali, barber, 213–15, 488–89

interview with
muqqadim,
215–18

interview with Yusef, cabbie, 54–55

Jamaa Mezuak (barrio), 47–48, 49, 211–19, 486–89

Madrid train bombers from, viii, 48, 49, 54, 184, 187, 195, 213–18, 486

martyrs in Iraq from, 48, 49, 56, 211,
211,
216, 479

Muslim loss of Spain and, 46, 47

soccer in, 218–19,
219

Thailand, 146, 149

Tibet, 518n 2

Tilden, Samuel, 470–71

Times Square attempted bombing, 114, 265, 269, 276

Timimi, Ali al-, 271

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 466–67

Togar, Toni, 158

Tohir,
134

Toro, Antonio, 170, 191–93, 192, 209

Toro-Trashorras, Carmen, 170–71, 192, 198

torture

Holy Inquisition and, 75, 458

human rights and, 424

judicial torture, 424

as “subject to perception,” 322

used on Muslim militants, 100

water-boarding, 75, 95, 175, 392

Toynbee, Arnold, 74