Taste: Surprising Stories and Science About Why Food Tastes Good (73 page)

smell loss,
23
,
69
,
170
,
300
–311,
351
–54,
358

aging and drugs and,
305
–6,
351
–53,
358

weight loss and,
314
,
316
–17

smell tests,
69
,
306
,
307
–8

smoking,
306
,
357
,
358

snacks,
319
–20,
343
,
345
,
350

snails,
285

Sniffin’ Sticks,
304
,
307

soap,
199
,
358

sodium,
158
,
172
,
184
,
201
,
253
,
256
,
272
,
320
–21

reduction of,
187
–89,
298
,
321
,
322

sodium chloride,
39
,
47
,
176
,
188
,
228

sodium laurel sulphate,
48

soft drinks,
141
–42

semisweet initiative and,
321
–23

sugar-free,
214
–17

Soltner, André,
7

sorbet,
99

sound,
5
,
13
,
29
,
34
,
84
,
117
–31,
278
,
289
,
305
,
351
–52

blindness and,
109

of chocolate,
140

consumer rating of,
129

cooking by,
128
–29

eating loudly and,
123
–226

exercise for,
131

of the future,
126

hearing problems and,
21
,
124
–26

isolating,
130

misophonia and,
128

music,
119
–23,
127

noise,
118
–19,
125
,
126
–27,
130

in restaurants,
118
–19,
120
,
125
,
127
–28

sight compared with,
107
,
108

smell compared with,
58

taste intensity pegged to,
26
,
90

of texture,
90

Sound Agency, The,
120

Sound of Music, The
(movie),
294

Sound of the Sea,
123

soups: Campbell’s,
187
–88,
189

chicken,
99
,
177
,
191
,
321

French onion, with Gruyère cheese,
255

with glutamates,
249

self-refilling bowl of,
112
–13,
343

temperature of,
99
,
356

tomato,
87
,
255
,
334
–36

Sour All Over Tasting exercise,
40
,
53
–54

sourness,
4
,
37
–41,
50
,
168
,
227
–41,
290
,
328

aromas associated with,
237

astringency and,
88

as Basic Taste,
5
,
29
,
35
,
38
–39,
40

bitterness and,
197
,
203
,
208
,
212
–13

carbonation and,
264
–65

of chocolate,
137

of cola,
214

exercises for,
238
–41

feeling,
233

ion channels and,
51

location of,
40
,
41

mutual suppression and,
181

in orange juice,
48

pairings for,
237

reference food for,
139

saliva and,
227
–28

saltiness vs.,
8
–9,
51
,
235
–36

salt paired with, umami, sweet, and,
191

science of,
230
–32

sweetness and,
220
–21,
224

texture and,
92

wine and,
37
,
220
;
see also
acidity

soy sauce,
201
,
204
,
244
–47,
252
,
253
,
255
,
330

Spence, Charles,
122
,
123
,
126

Spice Rack Aroma Challenge exercise,
68
,
77
–78,
107

spices,
60
,
68
–69

spicy foods,
52
,
286
,
292

spiders,
282
–83,
284

spilanthol,
280

Splenda,
204
,
215

spoilage cues,
83
,
230
,
265

sriracha (rooster sauce),
144
,
237

Stamps, Jennifer,
17
,
18
,
24
,
169
–72

steak,
48
,
117
,
180
,
186
,
244
,
251
,
275
,
350

mashed potatoes and,
94

red wine and,
88
–89

stevia,
41
,
215
,
272
,
280

stimulation,
39
,
165
,
219
,
227
–28,
263
,
273
,
320
,
351
,
352

Stoll, Craig,
94
,
118
,
119
,
235
–36

Stone, Herb,
133
,
142

strawberries,
99
,
199
,
233
,
275
,
356

stress,
299
,
317
,
320
,
344
,
345

stroke,
97
–98

sucralose,
41
,
204
,
215
,
216
,
216
,
219
,
280
,
322

sugar (sucrose),
26
,
38
,
41
,
88
,
214
–23,
269
,
321
–22,
352

babies and,
159
,
160

in coffee,
200
,
217

diminished senses and,
172
,
306

in medicine,
273

as reference food,
139

substitutes for,
182

texture and,
92

in vegetables,
204

Supertaster,
17
–20,
18
;
see also
HyperTasters

surströmming,
62
–63,
163

survival,
44
,
50
,
159
–60,
164
,
178

bitterness and,
197

taster types and,
27
,
28

sushi,
83
,
164
,
244
,
255

Suttree
(McCarthy),
310

swallowing,
44
,
49
,
58
,
89
,
90
,
309
,
313
,
348

difficulty with,
46
,
48

misophonia and,
128

sweat, salt and,
177
,
178
–79

Swedish Fish,
218
,
220

sweetness,
35
–38,
50
,
214
–26,
290
–91,
328

babies and,
159
,
197
,
223

as Basic Taste,
5
,
29
,
35
,
36
,
38
,
215
,
221
,
222
,
228

bitterness and,
201
,
204

Brix and,
217
,
219
,
220
–21,
224
,
226
,
235

of Coca-Cola,
26
,
214
–15

exercises for,
41
,
215
–16,
225
–26

mutual suppression and,
181
–82

reference food for,
139

salt paired with,
191

sodium laurel sulphate and,
48

sourness paired with,
237

of sugar vs. artificial sweeteners,
41
,
214
–17,
219

taste receptors and,
51
,
182
,
197
,
235

wine and,
37
,
88
,
147
,
148
,
220
–21

Sweetness Profile exercise,
41
,
215
–16,
225
–26

Swift, Jonathan,
122

swish-and-spit tasters,
46

Sydney,
159
–60

syrah,
122

Szczesniak, Alina S.,
93
,
95

Szechuan button,
279
,
280
–81

Tab,
214
,
215
,
217

Tagliaferri, Mary,
205
–6

tangerine,
169
,
172

tannin,
88
,
202
–3,
212
,
328

Tantrism,
340
,
341

taste,
1
–54,
117
,
323
–24

absence of,
82
–84

aging and,
170
–71,
172

as analytic sense,
266

appreciation of,
12
–13

blindness and,
109

in brain,
274
–78

breaking down of,
41
–42

children’s preferences and,
8
,
158
–63

of chocolate,
137
–38

disease and sickness and,
17
,
23
,
46
,
170
–71

disorders of,
303
,
306

effects of noise on,
118
–19

exercises for,
52
–54

of fat,
261
–63

first thing in the morning,
357

five types of,
4
–5

as gustation,
42

identifying,
10

improper use of the word,
34
–36

input provided by,
29

loss of,
23
,
46
,
63
–64,
170
–71,
304
,
308
–9,
311
,
317
,
352
,
353

masking of,
48

measuring,
25
–27

as multisensory adventure,
29

out of balance,
37
–38,
51

physiology of,
5
–7

sight and,
105
–6,
108

smell separated from,
35
–36,
52
–53

smell’s working with,
55
–56,
66
,
67

in space,
296
–99

variations in,
8
–9

weight loss and,
11
;
see also
flavor

taste adaptation,
47
–48,
149
,
151

taste buds,
14
,
16
–21,
18
,
23
,
24
,
27
,
29
,
50
,
186
,
354
,
355

abuse of,
43

hot sauce and,
144

taste receptors in,
46
,
51
,
176
,
182

taste receptors,
46
,
51
,
52
,
176
,
266

bitterness,
51
,
182
,
197
,
198
,
200
,
235
,
273

blocking or stimulating,
273

high throughput frequency and,
272

salt,
159
–60,
176
,
182
,
235

sourness,
235
,
264
–65

for sweet,
51
,
182
,
197
,
235

for umami,
51
,
235
,
246

Tasters,
19
–23,
19
,
27
,
46
,
317
,
350

taster types,
17
–29,
30
,
46

Taste Star,
36
–37,
138
,
220
,
266
,
351

tasting, professional,
132
–56

cleansing the palate and,
149
–50

dilution solution and,
144
–47,
152

exercises for,
140
,
151
–56

food appreciation and,
133
–34

keeping quiet and,
148
–49

man vs. machine in,
140
–41

starting with the right food in,
143
–44

strongest imaginable sensations and,
141
–43

tea,
88
,
206
,
217
,
317

bitterness of,
39
,
160
,
181
,
197
,
198
,
203
,
206
,
208