Read The Bill of the Century: The Epic Battle for the Civil Rights Act Online
Authors: Clay Risen
71
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report
, February 14, 1963, 293.
72
Ibid.
73
Meet the Press
, January 26, 1964, transcript in box 15, David B. Filvaroff and Raymond E. Wolfinger Civil Rights Act Papers, University of Buffalo Library.
74
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report
, February 14, 1964, 293; for the number of women in Congress, see http://www.senate.gov/CRSReports/crs-publish.cfm?pid=’0E%2C* PLS%3D%22%40%20%20%0A; Dierenfield,
Keeper of the Rules
, 195.
75
Time
, February 21, 1964. 24; Dierenfield,
Keeper of the Rules
, 194–96.
76
Chronology, by Raymond Wolfinger, n.d., box 23, David B. Filvaroff and Raymond E. Wolfinger Civil Rights Act Papers, University of Buffalo Library.
77
Dierenfield,
Keeper of the Rules
, 196.
78
New York Times
, February 11, 1964, 1.
79
Joe Rauh interview, with Paige Mulhollan, August 8, 1969, Lyndon B. Johnson Library.
80
Congressional Record
, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, 1964, 110, pt. 2:2803–4.
81
Findlay,
Church People
, 54.
82
Congressional Record
, February 10, 1964, 2804–5.
83
Time
, February 14, 1964, 26.
84
Katzenbach,
Some of It
, 137.
85
Presidential Recordings: Lyndon B. Johnson: The Kennedy Assassination and the Transfer of Power, November 1963–January 1964
, 2005a, 190; Shesol,
Mutual Contempt
, 162.
Chapter 6: A Battle Is Lost
1
Frank Valeo interview, Donald Ritchie, September 18, 1985, Senate Oral History Project, United States Senate Historical Office.
2
Palm Beach Post
, June 10, 1957, 10A.
3
“The Charge Up Capitol Hill: North and South Prospects for November,”
Advance
, March 1962, 29–30; Crespino,
Thurmond’s America
, 133.
4
Memo from Lee White to Larry O’Brien, October 30, 1963, box 21, Lee White Office Files, John F. Kennedy Library.
5
Meg Greenfield, “The Man Who Leads the Southern Senators,”
Reporter
, May 21, 1964, 17.
6
Newsweek
, August 19, 1963, 20–24.
7
Fite,
Richard B. Russell
, 407; George Reedy interview with Joe B. Frantz, February 14, 1972, Lyndon B. Johnson Library.
8
Richard B. Russell to constituent, December 9, 1963, box 15, section C.I, Richard B. Russell Papers, University of Georgia Library.
9
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report
, March 13, 1964, 491.
10
Grofman,
Legacies
, 15.
11
Time
, March 20, 1964, 28; Valeo,
Mike Mansfield
, 19–21.
12
Valeo,
Mike Mansfield
, 35; Whalen and Whalen,
Longest Debate
, 128; Frank Valeo interview with Donald Ritchie, September 18, 1985, U.S. Senate Historical Office Oral History Project.
13
New York Times
, October 6, 2001, A1.
14
Valeo,
Mike Mansfield
, 59.
15
Kotz,
Judgment Days
, 120.
16
Mike Mansfield Speech on Civil Rights, June 18, 1963, box 109, series 9, Mike Mansfield Papers, University of Montana Library.
17
Memo from Kenneth Teasdale to Mike Mansfield and Frank Valeo, August 15, 1963, box 32, series 18, Mike Mansfield Papers, University of Montana Library; memo from Kenneth Teasdale to Mike Mansfield, October 30, 1963, box 32, series 18, Mike Mansfield Papers, University of Montana Library.
18
Text and audio versions of the speech are available at the Minnesota Historical Society, http://www.mnhs.org/library/tips/history_topics/42humphreyspeech/transcript.htm, accessed September 30, 2013.
19
Presidential Recordings: Lyndon B. Johnson: Toward the Great Society, February 1, 1964–May 31, 1964
, 2007a, 452–54.
Congressional Record
, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, 1964, 110, pt. 3:2882–86.
20
Congressional Record
, ibid.
21
Ibid.
22
James Hamilton interview with Raymond Wolfinger, September 21, 1964, box 22, David B. Filvaroff and Raymond E. Wolfinger Civil Rights Act Papers, University of Buffalo Library.
23
Presidential Recordings: Lyndon B. Johnson: Toward the Great Society, February 1, 1964–May 31, 1964
, 2007a, 477–78.
24
Notes on meeting with Senator Russell, February 19, 1964, box 28, series 22, Mike Mansfield Papers, University of Montana Library.
25
Meeting on Civil Rights—two memos, February 19, 1963, box 99, series 22, Mike Mansfield Papers, University of Montana Library; Conclusions of Cloture Study, February 20, 1964, box 14, David B. Filvaroff and Raymond E. Wolfinger Civil Rights Act Papers, University of Buffalo Library.
26
Letter from Everett Dirksen to Hubert Humphrey, February 3, 1964. Civil Rights 1963–1964, Everett M. Dirksen Papers, Dirksen Congressional Center.
27
Hubert Humphrey interview with Michael Gillette, June 21, 1977, Lyndon B. Johnson Library.
28
Two Letters from Everett Dirksen to Louella Dirksen, both dated July 31, 1924, Civil Rights 1924–1954, Everett M. Dirksen Papers, Dirksen Congressional Center.
29
For various bill texts, see the folders “Civil Rights 1924–1954” and “Civil Rights 1955–1959,” Everett M. Dirksen Papers, Dirksen Congressional Center.
30
Chronology by Raymond Wolfinger, n.d., box 23, David B. Filvaroff and Raymond E. Wolfinger Civil Rights Act Papers, University of Buffalo Library.
31
Chicago Tribune
, various articles from February 20 to February 29, 1963.
32
Report on the Coordinating Committee for Fundamental American Freedoms, March 1964, box 110, part 1, Leadership Conference on Civil Rights Records, Library of Congress; file memo, May 6, 1964, box 6, series 10, Richard B. Russell Papers, University of Georgia Library.
33
See various constituent letters in box 109, series 9, Mike Mansfield Papers, University of Montana Library; Patricia Connell interview with Raymond Wolfinger, August 28, 1965, box 22, David B. Filvaroff and Raymond E. Wolfinger Civil Rights Act Papers, University of Buffalo Library.
34
Congressional Record
, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, 1964, 110, pt. 3:3689–720.
35
Washington Post
, April 26, 1964, M2;
Washington Post
, January 17, 1964, A15.
36
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report
, February 28, 1964, 385; February 28, 1964, Stephen Horn periodic log maintained during the discussions concerning the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
37
Humphrey,
Education
, 247.
38
Minutes of Meeting with Katzenbach, et al., February 28, box 28, series 22, Mike Mansfield Papers, University of Montana Library.
39
New York Times
, November 24, 1994, D18.
40
Minutes of civil rights meeting, 4:00 p.m., February 28, 1964, box 10, David B. Filvaroff and Raymond E. Wolfinger Civil Rights Act Papers, University of Buffalo Library.
41
Ibid.
42
February 28, 1964, Stephen Horn periodic log maintained during the discussions concerning the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964; minutes of civil rights meeting, February 28, 1964, box 10, David B. Filvaroff and Raymond E. Wolfinger Civil Rights Act Papers, University of Buffalo Library.
43
Ibid.
44
Remarks at Miami Beach at a Democratic Party Dinner, February 27, 1964, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=26086&st=&st1, accessed June 21, 2013; President’s News Conference, February 29, 1964, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=26090&st=&st1, accessed June 21, 2013;
Presidential Recordings: Lyndon B. Johnson: Toward the Great Society, February 1, 1964–May 31, 1964
, 2007a, 468–70; Remarks to Members of the Southern Baptist Christian Leadership Seminar, March 25, 1964, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=26130#ixzz2gQlXP3Is, accessed September 30, 2013.
45
Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report
, March 13, 1964, 491.
46
President’s News Conference, March 7, 1964, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=26101&st=&st1, accessed June 22, 2013.
47
Presidential Recordings: Lyndon B. Johnson: Toward the Great Society, February 1, 1964–May 31, 1964
, 2007b, 941–46.
48
Los Angeles Times
, March 8, 1964, G13.
49
March 7, 1964, Stephen Horn periodic log maintained during the discussions concerning the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
50
Congressional Record
, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, 1964, 110, pt. 4:4741–68.
51
Ibid.
52
Ibid., 4640 and 6207. This analysis of the phony filibuster debate borrows from points made in Kane, “Senate Debate.”
53
Ibid., 6225.
54
New Republic
, August 31, 1963, 20;
Chicago Tribune
, March 1, 1964, 1.
55
Congressional Record
, 88th Congress, 2nd Session, 1964, 110, pt. 4:5340.
56
Ibid., 4828.
57
Ibid., 4590.
58
Ibid., 4598–99.
59
Loevy,
To End All Segregation
, 180.
60
The agenda for Democratic Floor Leader Conference, March 12, 1964, box 10, David B. Filvaroff and Raymond E. Wolfinger Civil Rights Act Papers, University of Buffalo Library; March 18, 1964, Stephen Horn periodic log maintained during the discussions concerning the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.