The Encyclopedia of Essential Oils (40 page)

Zanthoxylum alatum:
Tomarseed.

Zanthoxylum piperitum:
Prickly ash, ‘san-sho’.

Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Z. bodrunga):
Mulilam.

Zanthoxylum schinifolium (Z. mantchuricum)
: Pepperbush.

Zanthoxylum simulans (z. bungei):
Chinese pepper, Szechuan pepper.

Burseraceae

Boswellia bhau-dajiana:
Frankincense.

Boswellia carteri:
Frankincense, olibanum, gum thus.

Boswellia frereana:
African elemi, elemi frankincense.

Boswellia papyrifera:
Sudanese frankincense.

Boswellia sacra (B. thurifera sensu):
Saudi frankincense.

Boswellia serrata:
Indian frankincense, Indian olibanum.

Bursera aloexylon:
Linaloe.

Bursera fagaroides:
Linaloe.

Bursera glabrifolia (B. delpechiana):
Linaloe, Mexican linaloe, ‘copal lemon’.

Bursera penicillata:
Linaloe.

Bursera simaruba (Elaphrium simaruba):
West Indian birch, West Indian elemi, gumbo limbo, incense tree.

Canarium luzonicum (C. commune):
Elemi, Manila elemi, elemi gum, elemi resin.

Commiphora erythraea:
Opopanax, bisabol myrrh.

Commiphora madagascariensis (C. abyssinica, Balsamodendron habessinica):
Abyssinian myrrh.

Commiphora molmol:
Somalian myrrh.

Commiphora myrrha:
Common myrrh, hirabol myrrh.

Meliaceae

Aglaia odorata.

Cabralea cangerana:
Cangerana.

Cedrela odorata:
West Indian cedar, Spanish cedar, cigar-box cedar, Barbados cedar.

Euphorbiaceae

Croton eluteria:
Cascarilla, sweetwood bark, sweet bark, Bahama cascarilla, aromatic quinquina, false quinquina, cascarilla bark (oil).

Anacardiaceae

Pistacia lenticus:
Mastic, mastick tree, mastix, mastich, lentisk.

Schinus molle:
Peruvian pepper tree, Peruvian mastic, California pepper tree.

Tiliaceae

Tilia vulgaris (T. europaea):
Lime tree, linden, common lime, lyne, tillet, tilea.

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex paraguayensis:
Paraguay tea.

Malvaceae

Abelmoschus moschatus (Hibiscus abelmoschus):
Ambrette, seed musk seed, Egyptian alcee, target-leaved hibiscus, muskmallow.

Byttneriaceae

Theobroma cacoa:
Cocoa, chocolate; several cultivars exist.

Theaceae

Camellia sinensis:
Tea; there are two varieties:
var. sinensis:
China tea
var. assamica:
Assam tea.

Dipterocarpaceae

Dipterocarpus alatus:
Gurjun.

Dipterocarpus jourdainii:
Gurjun.

Dipterocarpus tuberculatus:
Gurjun.

Dipterocarpus turbinatus:
Gurjun, East Indian copaiba balsam.

Dryobalanops aromatica (D. camphora):
Borneo camphor, East Indian camphor, Baros camphor, Sumatra camphor, Malayan camphor, Borneol (oil).

Cistaceae

Cistus ladaniferus:
Labdanum, cistus, ciste, cyste, ambreine, European rock rose.

Cistus incanus (C. villosus
, C.
polymorphus):
Labdanum; three subspecies exist: C.
polymorphus, C. corsicus
and C.
creticus.

Violaceae

Viola alba:
Parma violet; there are three subspecies.

Viola odorata:
Sweet violet, English violet, garden violet, blue violet.

Viola suavis:
Russian violet.

Thymelaeaceae

Aquilaria agallocha:
Agarwood, aloes wood, agar.

Aquilaria malaccensis:
Indonesian agarwood.

Myrtaceae

Eucalyptus citriodora:
Lemon-scented gum, citron-scented gum, spotted gum.

Eucalyptus cneorifolia:
Kangaroo Island narrow-leaved mallee.

Eucalyptus dives:
Broad-leaved peppermint, blue peppermint, peppermint.

Eucalyptus dumosa:
Mallee, Congo mallee.

Eucalyptus elata (E. andreana, E. lindleyana, E. longifolia, E. numerosa):
River peppermint, river white gum.

Eucalyptus globulus (var. globulus):
Blue gum, Tasmanian blue gum, southern blue gum, fever tree,
gum tree, eucalyptus, stringy bark.

Eucalyptus goniocalyx (E. elaeophora):
Long-leaved box, bundy, apple jack, olive-barked box.

Eucalyptus leucoxylon:
Yellow gum, white ironbark, white gum; three subspecies exist.

Eucalyptus macarthurii:
Camden woolybut, Paddy’s river box.

Eucalyptus oleosa:
Red mallee, glossy-leaved red mallee.

Eucalyptus piperita:
Peppermint eucalyptus.

Eucalyptrus polybractea:
Blue-leaved mallee.

Eucalyptus radiata (E. australiana, E. phellandra):
Narrow-leaved peppermint, grey peppermint; two subspecies exist.

Eucalyptus sideroxylon:
Red ironbark, ironbark, mugga; two subspecies exist.

Eucalyptus smithii:
Gully gum, gully peppermint, blackbutt peppermint.

Eucalyptus staigerana
.

Eucalyptus viminalis;
two subspecies exist.

Eucalyptus viridis:
Green mallee.

Melaleuca alternifolia (M. linariifolia var. alternifolia):
Tea tree, narrow-leaved paperbark tea tree, ti-tree, ti-trol, melasol.

Melaleuca bracteata:
Tea tree.

Melaleuca cajeputi:
Cajuput, cajeput, white tea tree, white wood, swamp tea tree, punk tree, paperbark tree.

Melaleuca leucadendra (Myrtus leucodendra)
: Cajeput, cajuput, river tea tree, weeping tea tree.

Melaleuca linariifolia:
Tea tree.

Melaleuca minor:
Cajuput, cajeput.

Melaleuca quinquenervia:
Cajeput, cajuput.

Melaleuca viridiflora:
Niaouli.

Myrtus communis:
Myrtle; at least two subspecies exist.

Pimenta dioica (P. officinalis):
Allspice, pimento, pimenta, Jamaica pepper.

Pimenta racemosa (P. acris, Myrcia acris):
Bay, West Indian bay, bay rum tree, wild cinnamon, bayberry, myrcia.

Syzygium aromaticum (Eugenia aromatica, E. caryophyllata, E. caryophyllus):
Clove.

Turneraceae

Turnera diffusa (T. aphrodisiaca):
Damiana.

Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

Ammi visnaga:
Khella seed, visnaga.

Anethum graveolens (Peucedanum graveolens, Fructus anethi):
Dill, European dill, American dill.

Anethum sowa:
Indian dill.

Angelica archangelica (A. officinalis)
: Angelica, European angelica, garden angelica; two subspecies exist.

Angelica atropurpurea:
Purple angelica, American angelica.

Angelica keiskei:
Japanese angelica.

Angelica ursina:
Japanese angelica.

Anthricus cerefolium (A. longirostris):
Chervil, garden chervil, salad chervil.

Apium graveolens:
Celery; there are at least four varieties, including:
var. dulce:
Sweet celery
var. rapaceum:
Celeriac.

Carum carvi (Apium carvi)
: Caraway, carum.

Carum roxburghianum:
Ajmud (Indian).

Coriandrum maritimum:
Samphire, rock samphire.

Coriandrum sativum:
Coriander, Chinese parsley.

Cuminum cyminum (C. odorum):
Cumin, cummin, Roman caraway.

Daucus carota:
Carrot, wild carrot, Queen Anne’s lace, bird’s nest, carrot seed (oil); there are at least twelve subspecies.

Dorema ammoniacum:
Ammoniac, Bombay sumbul, boi.

Ferula asa-foetida:
Asafetida, asafoetida, gum asafetida, devil’s dung, food of the gods, giant fennel.

Ferula diversittata (F. suavolens):
Sumbul, muskroot.

Ferula foetida:
Asafetida.

Ferula galbaniflua (F. gummosa):
Galbanum, ‘bubonion’.

Ferula jaeschkeana;
four varieties exist.

Ferula moschata (F. sumbul):
Sumbul, muskroot.

Foeniculum vulgare (F. officinale, F. cappilaceum, Anethum foeniculum):
Fennel, fenkel; its subspecies include:
var. azoricum:
Florence fennel
var. dulce:
Sweet fennel
var. amara:
Bitter fennel

Levisticum officinale (Angelica levisticum, Ligusticum levisticum):
Lovage, garden lovage, common lovage, old English lovage, Italian lovage, maggi herb, smellage, Cornish lovage.

Levisticum mutellina:
Alpine lovage.

Ligusticum scoticum:
Sea lovage.

Pastinaca sativa:
Parsnip; there are four subspecies.

Petroselinum sativum (P. hortense, Apium petroselinum, Carum petroselinum):
Parsley; there are four varieties including:
Petroselinum crispum:
Curly-leaved parsley.

Pimpinella anisum (Anisum officinalis, A. vulgare):
Aniseed, anise, sweet cumin.

Pimpinella major:
Great burnet, saxifrage.

Pimpinella saxifraga:
Burnet saxifrage, black caraway.

Trachyspermum copticum (T. ammi, Carum copticum, Carum ajowan, Ptychotis ajowan, Ammi copticum):
Ajowan, ajuan, omum.

Ericaceae

Gaultheria procumbens:
Wintergreen, tea berry, checkerberry, aromatic wintergreen, gaultheria (oil).

Styracaceae

Styrax benzoin:
Gum benzoin, styrax benzoin, gum benjamin, Sumatra benzoin.

Styrax macrothyrsus:
Vietnam styrax.

Styrax paralleloneurus:
Haminjon toba (Indonesian), Sumatra benzoin.

Styrax tonkinensis:
Siam styrax, Siam benzoin

Oleaceae

Jasminum auriculatum:
Indian jasmine.

Jasminum grandiflorum (J. officinale var. grandiflorum):
Catalonian jasmine, Royal jasmine, jasmin, Spanish jasmine, Italian jasmine.

Jasminum officinale
: Jasmine, common jasmine, poet’s jessamine, jessamine.

Jasminum sambac:
Arabian jasmine, sambac; there are two cultivars: ‘Grand Duke’ and ‘Maid of Orleans’.

Osmanthus fragrans:
Sweet olive, fragrant olive, tea olive.

Syringa vulgaris:
Common lilac; numerous cultivars exist.

Boraginaceae

Heliotropium arborescens (H. peruvianum):
Heliotrope.

Verbenaceae

Aloysia triphylla (A. citriodora, Lippia citriodora, L. triphylla, Verbena triphylla):
Lemon verbena, verbena, herb Louisa.

Lippia abyssinica (L. adoensis):
Gambian tea bush.

Lippia affinis:
Oregano.

Lippia cardiostegia:
Oregano.

Lippia formosa:
Oregano.

Lippia fragrans:
Oregano.

Lippia graveolens (L. berlandieri):
Mexican oregano.

Lippia micromeria:
False thyme.

Lippia origanoides:
Oregano.

Lippia palmeri:
Mexican oregano.

Lippia pseudo-thea:
Brazilian tea.

Lippia umbellata:
Oregano.

Lamiaceae (Labiatae)

Aeollanthus gamwelliae (A. graveolens):
Ninde.

Calamintha officinalis (C. clinopodium, Melissa calminta):
Calamintha, calamint, common calamint, mill mountain, mountain balm, mountain mint, basil thyme.

Hedeoma floribundum:
Oregano.

Hedeoma patens:
Oregano.

Hedeoma pulegioides:
North American pennyroyal, squaw mint, stinking balm, tickweed, mosquito plant.

Hyssopus officinalis:
Hyssop, ‘azob’; four subspecies exist, including
var. decumbens
.

Lavandula angustifolia (L. officinalis, L. vera)
: Common lavender, true lavender, garden lavender; this variety is divided into two subspecies:
L. delphinensis
and
L. fragrans.
In addition many cultivars exist.