7
Gimpel, Jean.
The Medieval Machine
. p. 195; Pagden, Anthony. “Europe: Conceptualizing a Continent.” In Pagden.
The Idea of Europe: From Antiquity to the European Union
. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2002. p. 50.
8
Johnson, Paul.
The Birth of the Modern
. New York: HarperPerennial, 1991. p. 203.
9
Wright, Lawrence.
Clockwork Man
. New York: Horizon Press, 1969. p. 154.
10
Hansen, Marcus Lee.
The Atlantic Migration
. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1940. pp. 178ff.
11
Randall, John Herman.
The Making of the Modern Mind
. Cambridge, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1940. p. 223.
13
Bacon, Francis. “Novum Organum.”
The Works of Francis Bacon
, vol. 4
.
London: W. Pickering, 1850. p. 246.
15
Randall, John Herman.
The Making of the Modern Mind
. p. 241. Quotation by Descartes.
17
Locke, John. “Second Treatise.” In Locke.
Two Treatises of Government
. Peter Laslett, ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1967. p. 315.
18
Locke, John.
The Second Treatise of Civil Government: Chapter V: Of Property, Section 40.
1690.
19
Strauss, Leo.
Natural Right and History
. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1950. Quotation by John Locke. p. 315.
21
Randall, John Herman.
The Making of the Modern Mind
. p. 259. Quotation by Descartes.
22
Quotation by Bertrand Russell, 1872-1970.
23
Newton, Isaac.
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
. Book 3. Author’s Preface.
24
Randall, John Herman.
The Making of the Modern Mind
. p. 259.
25
Whitehead, Alfred North.
Science and the Modern World
. New York: Free Press, 1967.
26
Le Goff, Jacques.
Your Money or Your Life: Economy and Religion in the Middle Ages
. New York: Zone Books, 1988. p. 29. Quotation by St. Thomas Aquinas.
27
[On the question of time.] Le Goff, Jacques.
Time, Work, and Culture in the Middle Ages
. pp. 51-61; Quinones, Ricardo J.
The Renaissance Discovery of Time
. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972. pp. 5-8; de Grazia, Sebastian.
Of Time, Work, and Leisure
. New York: Anchor/Doubleday, 1964.
28
Chobham, Thomas.
Summa Confessorum
. F. Broomfield, ed. Paris: Louvain, 1968. p. 505, question XI, ch. 1.
29
Le Goff, Jacques.
Time, Work, and Culture in the Middle Ages
. p. 30.
30
Woodcock, George. “The Tyranny of the Clock.”
Politics
. Vol. 1. 1994. pp. 265-266.
31
de Grazia, Sebastian.
Of Time, Work, and Leisure
. p. 41.
33
McCann, Justin.
The Rule of St. Benedict
. London: Sheed & Ward, 1970. chapter 48.
34
Zerubavel, Eviatar.
Hidden Rhythms: Schedules and Calendars in Social Life
. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. p. 33.
36
Bendix, Reinhard.
Max Weber
. Garden City, NY: Anchor-Doubleday, 1962. p. 318.
37
Wright, Lawrence.
Clockwork Man
. p. 208.
38
Boorstin, Daniel J.
The Discoverers
. New York: Random House, 1983. p. 38.
39
Wright, Lawrence.
Clockwork Man
. p. 62.
42
Mumford, Lewis.
Technics and Civilization
. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1934. p. 15.
43
Landes, David.
Revolution in Time
. p. 16.
45
Le Goff, Jacques.
Time, Work, and Culture in the Middle Ages.
p. 35.
46
Goody, Jack. “Time: Social Organization.”
International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
. David Sills, ed. Vol. 16. New York: Free Press/Macmillan, 1968. pp. 38-39.
47
Mumford, Lewis.
Technics and Civilization
. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1934. p. 16.
48
Frederick, Christine. “The New Housekeeping.”
Ladies’ Home Journal
. Vol. 29. No. 9. September 1912.
49
Frederick, Christine. “Housekeeping with Efficiency.” New York:
Ladies’ Home Journal,
1913. Preface.
50
Warren, Maude Radford.
The Saturday Evening Post
. March 12, 1912. pp. 11-12, 34-35.
51
“Proceedings.” National Education Association, 1912. p. 492.
52
Mencken, Henry L.
The American Language: An Inquiry into the Development of English in the United States,
4th ed. New York: Knopf, 1936.
53
Tichi, Cecelia.
Shifting Gears: Technology, Literature, Culture in Modernist America.
Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1987. pp. 116-117.
54
Book, William F.
The Intelligence of High School Seniors.
New York: Macmillan, 1922.
CHAPTER 5: CREATING THE INDIVIDUAL
1
“Entrepreneurship.”
The European Commission: Eurobarometer
. January 2004.
www.europa.eu.int
; Buck, Tobias. “Europeans Balk at Starting Their Own Business.”
Financial Times
. March 3, 2004.
2
Duby, Georges. “Solitude: Eleventh to Thirteenth Century.” In Duby, Georges ed.
A History of Private Life: Revelations in the Medieval World
. Vol. 2. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988. p. 510; Tuan, Yi-Fu.
Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness.
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1982. p. 58.
3
Thomas, Keith.
Man and the Natural World: A History of the Modern Sensibility
. New York: Pantheon, 1983. p. 95.
4
Beresford, Maurice, and John G. Hurst, eds.
Deserted Medieval Villages
. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1972. p. 236.
5
Weiner, Philip P. “Man-Machine from the Greeks to the Computer.” In Weiner, ed.
Dictionary of the History of Ideas
. New York: 1973-74. p. iii.
6
Thomas, Keith.
Man and the Natural World: A History of the Modern Sensibility
. p. 39.
7
Lamont, William, and Sybil Oldfield, eds.
Politics, Religion and Literature in the 17th Century
. London: Dent, Rowman & Littlefield, 1975. pp. 61-62.
8
Desiderius, Erasmus.
De civilitate morum puerilium (On the Civility of Children.).
1540. Robert Whittinton, trans.; Tuan, Yi-Fu.
Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness
. pp. 48-50; Elias, Norbert.
The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners
. New York: Urizen Books, 1978. pp. 73-74.
9
Furnivall, Frederick J.
English Meals and Manners
. Detroit, MI: Singing Tree Press, 1969. p. xvi; Tuan, Yi-Fu.
Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness
. p. 42.
10
Tuan, Yi-Fu.
Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness
. p. 42.
11
Rifkin, Jeremy.
Biosphere Politics
. New York: Crown, 1991. p. 198.
12
Tuan, Yi-Fu.
Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness
. p. 42.
13
Ibid. p. 44; Elias, Norbert.
The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners
. p. 118.
14
Elias, Norbert.
The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners
. p. 121.
16
Ibid. p. 68; Tuan, Yi-Fu.
Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness
. p. 45; Cooper, Charles.
The English Table in History and Literature
. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, n.d. pp. 17, 19.
17
Elias, Norbert.
The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners
. p. 107; Tuan, Yi-Fu.
Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness.
p. 46.
18
Brett, Gerard.
Dinner Is Served: A History of Dining in England, 1400-1900
. London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1968. p. 116.
19
Barley, M. W.
The House and Home: A Review of 900 Years of House Planning and Furnishing in Britain
. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society, 1971. pp. 40-41; Aries, Philippe. “The Family and the City.” In Rossi, Alice, ed.
The Family
. New York: Norton, 1965. pp. 227-235; Holmes, U. T. Jr.
Daily Living in the Twelfth Century: Based on the Observations of Alexander Neckham in London and Paris
. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1952. p. 231.
20
Tuan, Yi-Fu.
Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness
. pp. 59-60; Everett, Alan. “Farm Labourers.” In Thirsk, Joan, ed.
The Agrarian History of England and Wales: 1500-1640
. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1967. pp. 442-443.
21
Aries, Philippe.
Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Private Life
. New York: Random House, 1962. p. 369.
22
Berman, Morris.
Coming to Our Senses: Body and Spirit in the Hidden History of the West
. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1989. p. 48.
23
Giedion, Siegfried.
Mechanization Takes Command: A Contribution to Anonymous History
. New York: Norton, 1969. pp. 268-269.
24
Lukacs, John. “The Bourgeois Interior.”
American Scholar
39. Fall 1970, Vol. 623; Tuan, Yi-Fu.
Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness.
p. 83.
25
Elias, Norbert.
The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners
. p. 177; Duby, Georges. “Solitude.” In Duby, ed.
A History of Private Life: Revelations in the Medieval World
. pp. 589-590.
26
Elias, Norbert.
The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners
. pp. 178-180; Aries, Philippe.
Centuries of Childhood: A Social History of Family Life
. pp. 100-127.
27
Duby, Georges. “Solitude.” In Duby, ed.
A History of Private Life: Revelations in the Medieval World.
p. 605.
28
Tuan, Yi-Fu.
Segmented Worlds and Self: Group Life and Individual Consciousness.
pp. 125-126.
29
Rifkin, Jeremy.
Biosphere Politics
. p. 212.
30
Ibid. p. 214; Corbin, Alain.
The Foul and the Fragrant: Odor and the French Social Imagination.
Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press, 1986. pp. 143-144.
CHAPTER 6: INVENTING THE IDEOLOGY OF PROPERTY
1
Schaff, Philip.
America: A Sketch of Its Political, Social, and Religious Character
. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1855, 1961. p. 87; Tocqueville, Alexis de.
Democracy in America
. George Lawrence, trans. New York: Harper, 1988. p. 238.
2
Schlatter, Richard.
Private Property: The History of an Idea
. New York: Russell & Russell, 1973.
4
Randall, John Herman, Jr.
The Making of the Modern Mind
. Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1940. p. 140.
5
Marty, Martin E.
A Short History of Christianity
. New York: Collins World, 1959. pp. 220, 223; Weber, Max.
The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
. New York: Scribner’s, 1958. pp. 104-105, 108, 116-117.
6
Tawney, R. H.
The Acquisitive Society
. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1920. p. 13.
8
Schlatter, Richard.
Private Property: The History of an Idea
. pp. 118-120;
Les Six Libres de la Republique
. 1576. Reference Richard Knolles’s English translation of the Latin, London, England: 1606.
9
Schlatter, Richard.
Private Property: The History of an Idea
. p. 119.
11
Tawney, R. H.
The Acquisitive Society
.
13
Reeve, Andrew.
Property
. London: Macmillan, 1986. p. 124; Schlatter, Richard,
Private Property: The History of an Idea
. p. 154.
14
Locke, John; Schlatter, Richard.
Private Property: The History of an Idea
. p. 154.
15
Schlatter, Richard.
Private Property: The History of an Idea
. p. 242.
17
Reeve, Andrew.
Property
. p. 137.
21
Beaglehole, Ernest.
Property: A Study in Social Psychology
. New York: Macmillan, 1932. p. 303.
22
Ely, James W.
The Guardian of Every Other Right
. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. p. 26.
23
Locke, John.
Second Treatise of Civil Government
. Peter Laslett, ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1963. #123, #124.