Read The Oxford History of the Biblical World Online
Authors: Michael D. Coogan
and Goliath, 126, 171
high officials of, 193
house of, 166
kingdom of, 167, 183–85
administrative structure of, 195
and kingship in Israel, 169
and Mesha Stela, 175
military operations of, 193
as musician, 175
and Philistines, 127
priestly administrators of, 193–94
and Saul, 151
Succession Narrative of, 172
Davidic dynasty, 166, 303
Davies, Philip R., 204
Davies, W. D., 315, 350
Day of Atonement, 359
Dead Sea, 5, 6
Dead Sea Scrolls, 21, 338, 359
1QH (Hymn Scroll), 368
1QS (Rule of the Community), 367
4QMMT, 368
archaeology and, 15, 367
Cairo-Damascus Document (CD), 367
discovery of, at Qumran, 15
Essenes and, 345, 365
Genesis Apocryphon, 368
Greek and, 353–54
Hebrew and, 353
Psalms scroll, 368
Temple Scroll, 359, 368
War Scroll, 368
See also
Essenes; Qumran; Qumran community; Qumran literature
Dearman, J. Andrew, 240
Debir (Tell er-Rabud), 98
Deborah, 144–45
as judge, 135
Decalogue.
See
Ten Commandments
Dedan (al-’Ula), 106, 280, 289
Deir el-Balah, 120
Delaiah, 313
Delian League, 305
Delphic Oracle, 283
Demetrius I, 333–35
Demetrius II, 334–36
Demetrius III, 338
Denyen, 86, 152.
See also
Sea Peoples
Deuteronomic Historian (DH), 93–94, 133, 209
themes of, 133–34
Deuteronomic History, 61, 93–94, 170, 178, 196, 198, 209, 210, 213, 215, 281
disapproval of northern kings in, 217
Divided Monarchy and, 206–40
early version of, 247
Jehu and, 228–36
Jerusalem bias of, 217
monarchy and, 169–75, 210
sources of, 93–94, 210–12
Deuteronomy, book of, 60
as book of law, 260
origin of, 216
poetry in, 159–60
reform of Josiah and, 261
speeches of Moses in, 60
theological perspective of, 216
Dever, William G., 130
DH.
See
Deuteronomic Historian
Dhiban.
See
Dibon
diarchy, in restoration community, 294
Diaspora, 272, 276, 306, 308, 310, 311–12, 315, 318, 322, 344, 353, 354, 365, 384, 386
proseuche
in, 360, 375–76
social intolerance in, 375
Temple and, 358
Dibon (modern Dhiban), 95, 96
Dio Cassius, 402, 404, 406, 410, 412, 413, 421, 422
Dio Chrysostom, 367
Diocletian (emperor), 423–24, 439, 452
Divided Monarchy, 206–41, 449–50
biblical sources for, 209
boundaries of, 206–07, 208
chronology of, 214–15
differing ideologies of north and south, 216–17
international relations and, 214
divorce, 302
in Late Antique Judaism, 442
Diyala River, 35, 37
Documentary Hypothesis, 61
Domar, Evsey, 104–05
Dome of the Rock, 443
domestication of plants and animals, 10
at Ain Ghazal, 10–11
Domitian (emperor), 404, 406, 407, 409–12, 452
Dor, 99, 114, 118, 127, 152, 167, 208, 280, 287, 288, 332
Dothan, Moshe, 88, 163
Dothan, Trude, 88, 163
Drusilla (daughter of Agrippa I), 377–78
dualism
in Dead Sea Scrolls, 368
Persian, 301
Dunn, James D. G., 418
Durham, John I, 89
Dur Sharrukin (Khorsabad), 263
E, 28, 218
and northern kingdom, 218
as pentateuchal source, 28, 61
themes of, 218
Eannatum (ruler of Lagash), 31
Earle, Timothy K., 203
Early Bronze Age, 13, 30, 33, 447
decline of, 33–34
in Palestine, 18
urbanism in, 16–18
Eastern Mediterranean, during Roman Empire, 400
Ebenezer, battle of, 127
Ebla, 31, 32, 33, 37, 41
archives of, 31–32
Eblaite language, 32
Ecbatana (modern Hamadan), 280, 283, 286, 299, 325
Ecclesiastes, 349–50
Edict of Milan, 424
Edict of Toleration, 424
Edom, 60, 107, 138, 153–54, 208, 224, 263
in book of Obadiah, 267
and the Exodus, 60, 79
Edomite language, 153
Edomites, 280
Amorites and, 154
in Numbers, 154
religion of, 156, 288
Egeria, 424
Eglon (Tell ‘Aitun), 98
Egypt, 37
archaeology and, 18, 42
Asiatics as slaves in, 73, 74–76, 80
Dynasty 12, 41, 74
Dynasty 13, 74, 80
Dynasty 15, 74, 80
Dynasty 17, 42
Dynasty 18, 42, 43, 66, 71, 79, 80, 84
Dynasty 19, 65, 71, 74, 76, 79, 84, 85
Dynasty 20, 65, 71, 79, 85, 175
Dynasty 21, 175
Dynasty 26, 292
exiled community in, 272
First Intermediate Period, 33, 74, 447
geography of, in relation to Bible, 4–7
in Late Bronze Age, 42–46
in Middle Bronze Age, 41–42
Middle Kingdom of, 41, 80, 448
monotheism and, 111
New Kingdom of, 43, 44, 74, 79–83, 448
Old Kingdom of, 18, 33, 447
plagues in, 59, 64
Second Intermediate Period, 74, 448
sojourn in, Near Eastern parallels to, 74–76
writing and, 18
Ehrich, Robert W., 23
Ehud, 135, 139
Eichler, Barry L., 56
Ekron (Tel Miqne), 97, 114, 120, 121, 124, 127, 138, 152, 153
archaeology of, 254
El, 53–54
as name of God, 53, 213
and Ugaritic pantheon, 50
Eleazar (brother of Judah Maccabee), 333
Eleazar (grandson of Judas the Galilean), 380
Eleazar ben Jair, 384
Eleazar ben Simeon, 382–83
El Elyon, 54
Elephantine, 263, 272, 280, 291, 312, 282, 291, 308, 312
papyri, 374, 385, 386, 409, 414
Elhanan
as slayer of Goliath, 171
Eli, 137
Eliashib I, 296, 310
Eliashib II, 296
Elide dynasty of priests, 127
Elijah, 221–24
stories of, 247
Elioenai, 296
Elisha, 223–24, 231
stories of, 247
Elnathan, 296, 303–304
Elohim, as name of God, 28, 53, 106
Elohist source, 28, 29
See also
E
El Olam, 54
El Shadday, 53–54
Emar tablets, 52–53
Emmanuel (Immanuel), 238
“Empty Quarter,” 5, 9
En-gedi, 16
sanctuary complex at, 16
En Haseva, 269
Enoch (son of Cain), 21
Enoch, First, Aramaic and, 368
Enuma Elish,
8, 20, 25, 51
Eph’al, Israel, 275
Ephraim
archaeology and, 100, 101
hill country of, 6
territory of, 100, 167, 208
Ephrat, E., 23
Epicureans, 365
Epipaleolithic era, 10, 447
Epiphanius, 431
Epistle of Barnabas, 433
Eridu, 17
Esarhaddon, 253, 450
Eshnunna (Tell Asmar), 35, 37
Essenes, 342–46, 367–69, 386
beliefs of, 345
Dead Sea Scrolls and, 367–69
Josephus and, 365
name of, 367
Samaritans and, 346
See also
Dead Sea Scrolls; Qumran; Qumran community; Qumran literature
Esther, book of, 311, 322–23
euaggelion (good news), 394
Eucharist, 431
Euphrates River, 5, 7, 9, 37, 224, 263, 280, 325, 400
Eusebius, 381, 417, 421, 423, 424–25, 432
“Life of Constantine,” 424
Evil-merodach (Amel-marduk), 269
Execration Texts, 42
exile, Babylonian.
See
Babylonian exile
exile in Egypt, 272
Exodus, 58–89
analogues to, 72–76
archaeology and, 77–79
biblical narrative of, 59–64
composition of, 62–63
date of, 63
historicity of, 63–66
literary and historical character of, 61–64
sources of, 70–72
chronology of, 69–70, 77–79, 87
covenant and, 59
Egypt as setting of, 64–65
Egyptian history and, 59
geography of, 64–65, 66–69
historicity of, 59
route of, 66–69
theological meaning of, 59
word, meaning of, 58
Exodus, book of, 28
15:lb-18, 158–60
contents of, 59–64
poetry in, 159
Ezekiel (prophet), 262
Ezekiel, book of, 300–01
and Babylonian exile, 271
and Judean monarchy, 243
themes of, 271, 298
Ezra, 277, 290, 304–09
historicity of, 306
and Israelite ethnicity, 308, 311
Ezra, book of
Aramaic language and, 279
history of composition of, 281
restoration and, 286
Ezra-Nehemiah, 289, 292, 294, 297, 301, 307, 311
chronology of, 281
Cyrus and, 284
restoration and, 281
return and, 290
See also
Nehemiah
Ezra school, 307
Fadus (Cuspius Fadus), 377–78
Feldman, Louis H., 350
Felix (Antonius Felix), 378
Fertile Crescent, 4, 5, 9, 165
Festus (Porcius Festus), 378–79
final form interpretation.
See
synchronic interpretation
Finkelstein, Israel, 89, 103, 127, 129, 130, 163, 203
Finkelstein, Louis H., 315, 350
firstborn, 27
death of, as Egyptian plague, 59
and origin of Passover, 59
First Clement, 413, 433
First Corinthians, 405
First Enoch, 368
First Esdras, 281, 311
First Jewish Revolt, 358, 363, 372, 374, 376–86, 452
Pharisees and, 366
First Maccabees, 338, 340–41
First Peter, 403, 414–15
First Timothy, 415, 430
First Triumvirate, 354
Fiscus Judaicus, 385
Flanagan, James W., 203
Flavius Clemens, 413
Flavius Silva, 384
flies, as Egyptian plague, 59
flood, 21–22
ancient Near East stories of, 3, 21
Florus (Gessius Florus), 380–87
form criticism, Exodus narrative and, 61–62
Former Prophets, 133, 302
Forum of Rome, 408
Fourth Ezra, 384
fourth philosophy.
See
Zealots
Fox, Robin Lane, 444
frankincense, 109
Freedman, David Noel, 130, 163, 205
Frerichs, Ernest S., 88
Frick, Frank S., 163, 204
Fried, Morton H., 203
Friedman, Richard Elliot, 88
Fritz, Volkmar, 204