Read The Rape of Europa Online
Authors: Lynn H. Nicholas
Tags: #History, #Military, #World War II, #Art, #General
14.
Mazauric, op. cit., p. 45. Translated by author.
15.
Y. Bizardel,
Sous l’occupation
(Paris, 1964), pp. 11–12.
16.
A. Barr,
Matisse
(New York, 1951), p. 255.
17.
Mazauric, op. cit., pp. 58–59. Translated by author.
18.
W. Shirer,
The Collapse of the Third Republic
(New York, 1971), pp. 786–87.
19.
R. Murphy,
A Diplomat among Warriors
(New York, 1964), p. 41.
20.
W. Churchill,
The Second World War
(Boston, 1951), vol. II, p. 153.
21.
Guggenheim, op. cit., p. 219.
22.
NA, RG 239/75, Rosenberg to Henraux, December 15, 1944.
23.
Barr, op. cit., p. 256.
24.
D. Wilson,
Rothschild
(New York, 1988), p. 372.
25.
NA, RG 239/74, Bernheim-Jeune deposition.
26.
M. Fabiani,
Quand j’étais marchand de tableaux
(Paris, 1976), pp. 22–23.
27.
SD, RG 59/10, Ardelia Hall Records, Dispatch 9E135341, July 13, 1949.
28.
NA, RG 239/82, British Economic Advisory Board Report, July 3, 1945.
29.
UST/FFC, Report NY 8–943, RG 131/785, May 28, 1942.
30.
See M. Davies and I. Rawlins,
War Time Storage in Wales of Pictures from the National Gallery
(London, 1940).
31.
J. Rothenstein,
Brave Day, Hideous Night
(London, 1967), p. 84.
32.
R. Breitman,
Architect of Genocide: Himmler and the Final Solution
(New York, 1991), p. 117.
33.
M. Kater,
Das Ahnenerbe der SS
(Stuttgart, 1974), p. 171.
34.
Ibid., pp. 174–77.
35.
Goebbels Diaries
, ed. L. P. Lochner (New York, 1948), p. 434.
36.
NA, RG 260/185, Keitel to CIC-OKW, July 5, 1940.
37.
Ibid., Report on Activities of the ERR in the Netherlands, Nuremberg Document 175-PS.
38.
F. Duparc, E
en eeuw wedstrijd voor Nederland’s cultureel erfgoed
(The Hague, 1975), p. 28.
39.
NA, RG 260/394, CIR Dienststelle Mühlmann, Vlug, December 25, 1945.
40.
Duparc, op. cit., p. 28.
41.
NA, RG 239/85, CIR Goering, p. 139; CIR Dienststelle Mühlmann, pp. 46, 29.
42.
NA, RG 260/387, Posse-Bormann correspondence, September 23, 1940.
43.
Duparc, op. cit., p. 230.
44.
NA, RG 239/83, Waterhouse, “Report on Amsterdam,” May 13, 1945; and 239/79, “Traduction #3448 for J. Vlug.”
45.
All accounts of Plietzsch activities from CIR Dienststelle Mühlmann.
46.
See Venema, op. cit.
47.
Ibid., p. 62; and NA, RG 239/61, SHAEF Report, LaFarge, “Removal of Works of Art from the Netherlands,” December 29, 1944.
48.
NA, RG 239/77, CIR Linz, Attachment 2.
49.
Venema, op. cit., p. 218.
50.
NA, RG 260/394, Mühlmann interrogations.
51.
NA, RG 239/80, OSS/ALIU Miedl Report 2, Rousseau, undated.
52.
CIR Goering, pp. 65–74.
53.
LaFarge Report; CIR Goering, p. 68.
54.
CIR Goering, pp. 92–94, Attachments 41–44, and p. 60.
55.
Venema, op. cit., pp. 238–53; and CIR Goering, pp. 74–76.
56.
Venema, op. cit., pp. 254–66; CIR Goering, p. 82; NA, RG 260/387, Posse correspondence, “Memo for Bormann,” May 10, 1941.
57.
NA, RG 239/84, DIR Hofer, p. 7.
58.
Venema, op. cit., pp. 267–70; and CIR Goering, pp. 80–83.
59.
CIR Goering, p. 62.
60.
H. von Schirach,
Der Preis der Herrlichheit
(Munich, 1975), pp. 196–97; and Venema, op. cit., pp. 143–44.
61.
OSS Miedl Reports.
62.
CIR Linz, Attachment 60, October 14, 1940.
63.
Ibid., Supplement, p. 8.
64.
Account based on Venema, op. cit., pp. 173–85; CIR Linz, pp. 36–38; OSS Miedl Reports.
65.
Mühlmann interrogations.
66.
NA, RG 260/387, Bormann to Hannsen, October 13, 1940.
67.
CIR Linz, Attachment 8.
68.
NA, RG 260/387, Posse-Bormann correspondence, February 4, 1941.
V. LENITY AND CRUELTY
1.
W. Shirer,
The Collapse of the Third Republic
, p. 880.
2.
A. Home,
To Lose a Battle
(London, 1979), p. 647.
3.
R. Aron,
Histoire de Vichy
(Paris, 1954), p. 72.
4.
Cited in Shirer,
Third Republic
, p. 914.
5.
Shirer,
Berlin Diary
, July 9, 1940, p. 449.
6.
R. Murphy, A Diplomat among Warriors, p. 43.
7.
Shirer,
Third Republic
, p. 781.
8.
Speer,
Inside the Third Reich
, pp. 170–73.
9.
NA, RG 260/428, Keitel to Lorey, June 24, 1940, p. 449.
10.
Aron, op. cit., pp. 232–36.
11.
Home, op. cit., p. 652.
12.
NA, RG 239, Metternich, “Concerning My Activities as Adviser on the Protection of Monuments, 1940–42,” undated.
13.
Mazauric,
Le Louvre en voyage
, p. 79.
14.
J. Cassou,
Le Pillage par les Allemands
(Paris, 1947), p. 77
15.
Abetz,
Histoire d’un politique franco-allemand
, p. 143.
16.
Valland,
Le Front de l’art
, pp. 235–36.
17.
Cassou, op. cit., pp. 80–81. Army ordinance of July 15, 1940.
18.
Ibid., p. 82.
19.
Valland, op. cit., pp. 235–36. Abetz to von Brauchitsch, August 8, 1940.
20.
NA, RG 239, Hentzen interrogation, June 22, 1945.
21.
Metropolitan Museum library, “Bericht auf Erlass des Herrn Reichsministers und Chefs der Reichskanzlei …” known as Kümmel Report, completed December 31, 1940.
22.
See F. H. Taylor,
The Taste of Angels
(Boston, 1948); E. R. Chamberlain,
Loot
(New York, 1983); P. Clemen,
Protection of Art During War
, vol. 1 (Leipzig, 1919).
23.
Metternich Report, p. 7.
24.
NA, RG 260/411, “Zusammenarbeit der Chefs der Militärbewaltung …” Report, September 13, 1940.
25.
G. Lowry,
A Jeweler’s Eye
(Washington, D.C., 1988), p. 11.
26.
NA, RG 260/411, Keitel to CIC France, September 17, 1940.
27.
NA, RG 260/429, Abetz Report, February 1, 1941.
28.
Cited in C. Friemuth,
Die Geraubte Kunst
(Brunswick, 1989), pp. 29–30.
29.
Aron, op. cit., p. 209.
30.
Valland, op. cit., p. 55ff.
31.
NA, RG 239/85, CIR Goering; Valland, op. cit., ch. 8.
32.
Cassou, op. cit., pp. 132–33.
33.
CIR Goering.
34.
Cassou, op. cit., p. 105.
35.
NA, RG 239/85, OSS/ALIU CIR r, Plaut, “Activity of the ERR in France,” August 15, 1945, Attachment 4.
36.
NA, RG 239/77, CIR Linz, Attachments 56a and 56b.
37.
NA, RG 260/427, ERR Records, Landowska correspondence.
38.
CIR Linz, Attachment 56.
39.
NA, RG 239/82, “Report on Measures for the Seizure of Jewish Property,” January 29, 1941.
40.
Valland, op. cit., p. 75.
41.
NA, RG 260/410–13, ERR correspondence.
42.
NA, RG 239/85, CIR ERR, p. 53.
43.
Ibid., Attachment 9, p. 6.
44.
Ibid., pp. 20–21.
45.
NA, RG 260/387, Posse correspondence, January 30 and 31, 1941.
46.
L. B. Dorléac,
Histoire de l’art: Paris 1940–44
(Paris, 1986), p. 301.
47.
Mazauric, op. cit., pp. 135–36.
48.
Cassou, op. cit., pp. 92–98.
49.
CIR ERR, Attachment 9.
50.
Ibid., Attachment 5, December 18, 1941.
51.
Ibid., OKH to CIC France, January 28 and February 8, 1942.
52.
NA, RG 260/411, von Behr Directive, February 21, 1942.
53.
NA, RG 260/413, COD Plan of Transport, March 1, 1942.
54.
NA, RG 260/414, Pottier to Seligman, October 28, 1942.
55.
NA. RG 260/185, Progress Report of Dienststelle Westen to July 31, 1944, Nuremberg Document L188.
56.
Nouveau Journal
, March 24, 1942, p. 2.
57.
Bizardel,
Sous l’occupation
, pp. 93–101.
58.
Mazauric, op. cit., pp. 81–85.
59.
Ibid., p. 128.
60.
Interview with Huyghe, Paris, January 1990.
61.
Valland, op. cit., pp. 130–36.
62.
NA, RG 260/428, various Reichschancellery records and reports; 260/181, Buchner correspondence.
63.
New York Herald Tribune
, February 26, 1943.
64.
Aron, op. cit., p. 564.
65.
NA, RG 239/76, SHAEF Report, March 6, 1945.
66.
See CIR Goering; Valland, op. cit., ch. 17; Metternich Report, pp. 13–14. Also Huyghe interview.
67.
Assouline,
An Artful Life
, p. 262.
68.
G. Stein,
Wars I Have Seen
(New York, 1945), p. 69.
69.
J. Weld,
Peggy, The Wayward Guggenheim
(New York, 1986), pp. 210–11.
70.
Guggenheim,
Out of This Century
, pp. 223–24.
71.
C. McCabe, “Wanted by the Gestapo: Saved by America,” in J. Jackman and C. Borden, eds.,
The Muses Flee Hitler
(Washington, D.C., 1983), p. 82.
72.
Weld, op. cit., p. 212.
73.
McCabe, op. cit., pp. 102–103.
74.
V. Fry,
Surrender on Demand
(New York, 1945), p. 113.
75.
Weld, op. cit., p. 218.
76.
Ibid., pp. 218, 233–34.
77.
Fry, op. cit., pp. 101–103.
78.
Ibid., p. 130.
VI. BUSINESS AND PLEASURE
1.
NA, RG 239/6, “The Bunjes Papers: German Administration of the Fine Arts in the Paris Area,” Control Council for Germany, British Element, February 16, 1945, p. 45.
2.
Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant
, March 25, 1942.
3.
ANF, RG AJ40/1673, Bunjes Papers.
4.
Nouveau Journal
, December 14, 1942.
5.
K. E. Maison,
Honoré Daumier
(New York, 1968), pp. 16, 157.
6.
NA, RG 239/85, CIR Goering.
7.
NA, RG 239/84, Schenker Papers.
8.
NA, RG 260/32, Hesse testimony, July 13, 1945.
9.
NA, RG 239/77, CIR Linz, Supplement, p. 8.
10.
NA, RG 239/84, DIR Bornheim.
11.
NA, RG 260/404, Dietrich Records.
12.
NA, RG 260/387, Posse correspondence, February 24, 1941.