Three Scientific Revolutions: How They Transformed Our Conceptions of Reality (40 page)

Fresnel, Augustine Jean,
110
–
12
,
143
–
44

Fritzsch, Harald,
211
,
216

From Myth to Modern Mind: A Study of the Origins and Growth of Scientific Thought—Vol. I: Theogony Through Ptolemy
(Schlagel),
30

Fundamenta Chymiae [Fundamental Chemistry]
(Stahl),
119

Future of the Mind, The
(Kaku),
249

Galen of Pergamum,
30
–
31

Galileo Galilei,
10
,
23
,
40
,
42
–
58
,
63
,
75
,
79
,
89
,
91
,
95
,
117
,
167

Assayer, The [Il Saggiatore]
,
11
,
47
,
49
–
50

and the Catholic Church,
12
–
13
,
47
,
53
,
58
–
59
,
61
–
62

De Motu [On Motion]
,
43

Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems—­Ptolemaic & Copernican
,
12
,
53
–
58

Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences
,
12
,
44
,
59
–
60

Discourse on Bodies on or in Water
,
47

incline plane experiments,
12
,
43
–
44
,
54
,
60
–
61
,
64

“Letter to Castelli” (Galileo),
48

Little Balance, The [La Bilancetta]
,
43

Mechanics
,
43

On Motion [De Motu]
,
43

similarities with Newton,
79
,
80

Starry Messenger, The [Sidereus Nuncius]
,
11
,
44
–
45
,
46
–
47

gamma
rays (19γ),
157
,
176
,
199

Garnett, Thomas,
125

Gassendi, Pierre,
67
,
117

Gay-Lussac, Joseph,
128
–
30
,
132

Geiger, Hans,
173

Gell-Mann, Murray,
211
,
212
,
213
,
214
,
216

“Generation and Corruption” (Aristotle),
23

genetics,
15
–
16
,
239
,
249
–
50

developments in genome research,
242
–
44

replacing defective genes,
255
–
56

research on illnesses and increasing longevity,
244
–
46
,
254
–
55

“three-parent IVF,”
255
.

See also
DNA

genome,
9
,
223
,
224
,
239
,
243
,
244
,
249
,
250
,
252

geocentrism,
10
,
11
,
12
,
20
,
21
,
23
,
36
,
37
,
45
,
49
,
90
,
252

Georgi, Howard,
214

Gerlach, Walther,
209

Gilbert, William,
38
–
39
,
94
–
95
,
96

Glashow, Sheldon,
211
,
212
,
213
,
214

Gleick, James,
43

Gleiser, Marcelo,
228

Glorious Revolution,
82

gluons,
212
,
224

God, belief in,
13
,
31
,
33
,
48

Newton's belief in,
71
–
72
,
76
,
85
,
86
,
87
,
122
,
123

Goddard Space Flight Center,
217

“God gene,”
248
–
49

“God Particle.”
See
Higgs boson (“God particle”)

Goudsmit, Samuel S.,
205

Gough, John,
123
–
24

Grand Design, The
(Mlodinow),
216

Grand Unified Theory (GUT),
171
,
214

Grassi, Orazio,
49
–
50

gravitons,
212
,
224

gravity,
60
,
68
–
69
,
86
,
99
,
118
,
171
,
212
,
215
,
224

Einstein on,
170
–
71

Galileo on,
47
,
60
,
86

Kepler on,
11
,
37
,
40
,
57
,
68
,
86

Newton on,
13
,
65
,
68
–
69
,
75
,
80
,
86
,
105
,
107
,
108
,
109
–
110
,
112
,
141

specific gravity,
28
,
43
,
47

universal law of gravitation,
13
,
40
,
65
,
105
,
107

Gray, Stephen,
98
–
99

Greece.
See
Hellenic and Hellenistic scientific thinking

Greenaway, Frank,
127

Gregory, David,
83

group theory,
213
,
214

guanine (G),
243

GUT.
See
Grand Unified Theory (GUT)

gyroscope,
144

hadrons,
212
,
213

Hahn, Otto,
157

Hallam, Henry,
94

Halley, Edmond,
72
–
73
,
74

Hamiltonian,
194
,
206
,
207

Harmonice Mundi [World Harmony]
(Kepler),
40

Hauksbee, Francis,
96
,
97
–
98
,
99

Hawking, Stephen,
207
,
216

Heisenberg, Werner,
14
,
178
,
184
,
186
–
93
,
196
,
198
–
203
,
206
–
207
,
227

heliocentrism,
11
,
12
,
20
–
21
,
29
,
36
,
37
,
38
–
40
,
45
,
48
,
49
,
53
–
58
,
109

Hellenic and Hellenistic scientific thinking,
10
,
17
–
34
,
35
,
117
–
18
,
128
,
137
,
147

“Hellensitic Copernicus.”
See
Aristarchus of Samos

Heraclides of Ponus,
20

Hero of Alexandria (Heron),
32

Herophilus of Chalcedon,
30

Hertz, Heinrich,
114
,
140
,
147
,
152

“heterotic string theory,”
227

Higgs boson (“God particle”),
208
,
213
,
221
–
22
,
228
,
243

Hilbert, David,
191
,
193

Hipparchus of Nicaea,
28
,
29
,
32

“History, Parts, and Generation of Animals” (Aristotle),
23

Hitler, Adolf,
250

Hittorf, Johann,
149
–
50

Hohenburg, Herwart von,
41

Hooft, Gerardus ‘t,
213

Hooke, Robert,
69
,
78
,
79
,
83
,
88
,
109
,
142
,
144

Horgan, John,
222
,
223

“How the Universe Works” (Crease and Mann),
214
–
15

Hubble, Edwin,
14
,
38
,
140
,
217
,
222
–
23

Human Genome Project,
243

Hume, David,
155

Huygens, Christiaan,
23
,
69
–
70
,
79
,
83
,
109
,
112
,
142
,
144

hydrogen,
119
,
127
,
128
,
135
,
147
,
148
,
152
,
176
,
177

Bohr on,
180
,
182
,
183
,
184
,
186
,
206

in water,
126
,
131
,
137

hydrogen bomb,
223

Hypatia,
33
–
34

IBM,
232
,
235

Il Saggiatore [The Assayer]
(Galileo),
11
,
47
,
49
–
50

immortality,
245
–
46

imperceptibles,
11
–
12
.