Three Scientific Revolutions: How They Transformed Our Conceptions of Reality (44 page)

protons,
13
,
76
,
118
,
137
,
174
,
176
–
77
,
209
,
210
,
212
,
224
,
226

Proust, Joseph Louis,
122
–
23

“psi” particle.
See
J/Y particle

Ptolemaic dynasty,
27

Ptolemy,
21
,
23
,
29

Ptolemy I Sorter,
27

Putin, Vladimir,
250

Putnam, Hilary,
155

Pythagoras of Samos,
19
–
20
,
225

Pythagoreans,
29
,
36
,
109
,
190
,
225

QCD.
See
quantum chromodynamics (QCD)

QED.
See
quantum electrodynamics (QED)

“Quantization as an Eigenvalue Problem” (Schrödinger),
194

quantum chemistry,
182
–
83

quantum chromodynamics (QCD),
211
–
15

quantum electrodynamics (QED),
206
,
208
–
209
,
210
,
213

quantum mechanics,
181
,
190
–
91
,
193
,
204
–
206
,
208
,
219
–
20
,
222
–
23

and Bohr,
181
,
184
,
187
,
201
–
202

Bohr's Institute's impact on,
206

Copenhagen Interpretation,
183
,
203
,
220

duality of contrary properties,
185

Einstein's aversion to,
162
,
183
,
215

future of,
228

and matrix mechanics,
14
,
186
,
191
,
192
,
195
,
196
–
97

and Planck,
14
,
65
,
163

quantum theory and interior of the atom,
179

uncertainty principle in,
140
,
171
,
185
,
198
,
202
.

See also
magnetism

“Quantum Mechanics of Collision Phenomena” (Born),
197

“quantum of energy,”
184
,
219

quarks,
24
,
147
,
208
,
211
,
212
,
213
,
214
,
224
,
226

Queries of Newton.
See
Opticks
(Newton)

Quigg, Chris,
209

Quinn, Helen,
214

radiation,
149
,
158
,
173
,
179
–
80
,
243

Balmer radiational formula,
180
,
182
,
206

blackbody radiation,
70
,
84
,
158
–
59
,
160
–
61
,
163
,
182
,
184
,
185
–
86

electromagnetic radiation,
70
,
145
,
180
,
185

electron radiation,
182

identification of,
149
–
52
,
156

and light,
70
,
85

Planck's theory of radiation,
160
,
162
–
63
,
179

radioactivity,
151
–
52
,
156
,
157
–
58
,
170
,
175
–
76
,
178
–
79
,
182
,
212
,
217

Rayleigh, Lord (John William Strutt),
166

Rayleigh-Jeans Law,
159
–
60

relativity, theories of,
14
,
65
,
81
,
163
,
168
,
181
,
206
,
226

general theory of relativity,
140
,
168
,
171
,
226

special theory of relativity,
77
,
145
,
163
,
164
,
166
,
169
,
203
,
226

religiousness

reasons for,
248
–
49

in static societies,
253

Republic
(Plato),
109

Review of Modern Physics
(journal),
205

Reynolds, Joshua,
240

Ricci, Ostilio,
43

Richter, Burton,
211
,
213

RNA,
243
,
244
,
250

Robinson, Elihu,
123

robotics,
15
,
231
–
32
,
233
–
34
,
240
–
41

and prosthesis,
239

simulating human behavior,
234
–
35

Roemer, Olaf,
75
,
142

Roller, Duane and Duane H. D.,
96
,
106
–
107
,
108

Röntgen, Wilhelm,
150
,
156

Rosen, Nathan,
201
,
203
.

See also
EPR article

Rosenberg, Alex,
229
,
246
–
48

Royal Institution,
113
,
131
,
135

Royal Society,
66
,
68
,
72
,
74
,
99
,
102
,
107
,
113
,
153

Newton as president,
83
,
88
,
96
–
97

Philosophical Transactions
,
96
,
98
,
109
,
142

Proceedings of the Royal Society
,
206

Rubbia, Carlo,
213

Rudolph II,
41

Rudolphine Tables [Tabula Rudophinæ]
(Kepler),
41

Rufus of Ephesus,
32

Rühmkorff, Heinrich,
149

Russell, Bertrand,
155

Rutherford, Ernest,
140
,
155
–
59
,
173
–
77
,
178
–
79
,
183

“Rutherford Memorandum” (Bohr),
179

Rydberg's constant,
182

Ryle, Gilbert,
155

Sagan, Carl,
18
,
89
–
90
,
115
,
251
–
52

Sagredo,
12
,
53
–
58

Salem, Abdus,
213

Salviati,
12
,
53
–
58

Sarpi, Paolo,
44

Sarsi, Lothario of Siguenza.
See
Grassi, Orazio

Saturn,
11
,
37
,
45
,
56

Scheele, Carl Wilhelm,
119

Scheiner, Christopher,
47

Scholasticism,
23
,
42
,
53

Schrödinger, Erwin,
178
,
184
,
186
,
192
,
193
–
99
,
206
,
207

Schwinger, Julian,
208
,
211
,
214

Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI),
14

Segrè, Emilio,
156
,
161
,
162
,
175
,
198
–
99

senses,
11
,
48
,
50
–
52
,
109
,
203
,
217
.

See also
perception

SETI.
See
Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI)

Shaky Game: Einstein Realism and the Quantum Theory, The
(Fine),
222

Sidereus Nuncius [The Starry Messenger]
(Galileo),
11
,
44
–
45
,
46
–
47

Simplicius,
12
,
53
–
58

Sklodowska, Marya.
See
Curie, Marie

SLAC.
See
Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC)

Sloane, Hans,
88

Socrates,
22

Soddy, Frederick,
157
,
158

solar model of the atom.
See
atoms and atomism

solar system,
38
,
168

center of solar system.
See
geocentrism; heliocentrism

and planetary orbits.
See
celestial mechanics

time for revolutions of planets,
54
.

See also
names of planets, i.e., Jupiter, Mars, Venus, etc.; sun

solar year, length of,
20

Sommerfeld, Arnold,
183
,
187

Bohr-Sommerfeld quantum conditions,
190

space,
76
,
93
,
111
,
114
,
169
–
70

luminiferous ether filling space,
85

multidimensional hyperspace,
227

red shift of light waves in outer space,
141

space-distance between two events,
168

space flight,
140
,
229

space-time

absolute space and time cosmological theory,
13
,
63
,
76
,
77
,
140
,
164
–
65
,
166
,
198