Vikings (47 page)

Birka girl,
190
–
2
,
290
,
333
–
4

Bjaeldskovdal bog,
64

Bjarni Herjólfsson,
286
,
287

Björn ‘Ironside’ Jarnsida,
196

Black Sea,
159
,
164
,
175
,
185

boat burials

Ardnamurchan,
2
–
3
,
250

Hedegaard (Denmark),
90

Oseberg and Gokstad Ships,
137
–
9

Vendel and Valsgärde (Sweden),
122
–
3

Bodmer, Sir Walter,
248

‘bog-bodies,’
64
–
8

Bogren, Bror,
108

Bohuslän (Sweden),
50
–
1

Borremose Woman,
66

Borum Eshøj (Denmark),
42
,
59
–
62
,
85
,
277

Boyne River,
201

Bradley, Richard,
46

Bredaror burial cairn,
47
–
9

Brendan, St,
266
,
280

Britain

Aethelstan’s attempt to unify into one kingdom,
259
–
60

Anglo-Saxon,
103
–
5

Bronze Age,
52
,
57

Cornish tin,
39

international trade,
158

Roman,
87
,
101
–
2

separates from European continent,
12
–
13

Viking place names,
5
–
6

Viking presence,
217
–
53

Viking raids,
128
,
151
–
2
,
197

Britons,
102
–
3
,
156
,
210
,
223
,
234
,
259

bronze, value of,
43
,
49
–
52

Bronze Age,
45

Bredaror burial cairn (Sweden),
47
–
9

burials and burial objects,
36
–
7
,
40
–
2

climate,
57
–
8

culture and artefacts,
33
–
4
,
38
,
40
–
5
,
50
–
1

Egtved girl,
36
–
7
,
38

reconstruction of Bronze Age house,
59
–
62

rock carvings,
34
,
47
–
8
,
50
,
50
–
1
,
108
–
11

settlements,
38

ship settings,
45
–
6

trade,
39
–
40
,
49
–
50
,
52
–
4

Bruce, William Speirs,
xxii

Brunanburh, Battle of,
259
,
260
,
290
,
297

Brussels Chronicle
,
178

Bulghars, the,
144
,
146
,
185

Burgred of Mercia,
230

burial sites

Birka (Sweden),
188
–
9

Gamla Uppsala (Sweden),
116
–
19

Ireland,
207

Jelling (Denmark),
298
–
301

Plakun (Russia),
161
–
3

Repton,
228
–
33

St Ninian’s Isle,
248
–
9

Valsgärde (Sweden),
123

Vendel cemetery (Sweden),
122

burials and burial practice

Bronze Age,
36
–
43

changes in the Neolithic period,
32
–
3

Christian,
306
–
7

cremation,
51

Iron Age,
80
,
89
–
90

see also
boat burials

Byock, Jesse,
272
,
273

Byrhtnoth,
318

Byzantine Empire,
95
,
105
–
6
,
112
,
175
,
178
–
84
,
187
,
212
,
295
–
6

Caelius, Marcus,
77
–
8

Caesar, Julius,
75
,
76

Caithness,
6
,
250

Cambridge, England,
234

Canche, France,
226

Canna,
xvii

Canterbury, England,
324

Canute (brother of Harald Bluetooth),
293
–
4

Carolingian dynasty,
97
,
100

Carpathian Basin,
48
–
9
,
52
–
3
,
71

Carrick hoard,
215

Catherine the Great,
161

Celts,
86
,
148

Cenel mac Gabhrain
,
254

Ceolwulf of Mercia,
230

Cerball, King of Osraige,
207

Charlemagne,
10
,
99
–
101
,
105
,
126
,
153
,
158
,
193
,
194
–
5
,
220
,
221
,
291

Charles Martel,
97
,
99
,
126

Charles the Bald (Holy Roman Emperor),
195
,
196
,
285

Charles the Simple, King of France,
197

Cherusci (Germanic tribe),
76

China,
144
,
175
,
187

Christian I, King of Denmark and Norway,
251

Christianity

archaeological evidence,
125

in Britain,
103
–
4
,
156

and the Byzantine Empire,
95

Celtic,
147
–
8
,
199
–
200
,
262
–
3

conversion of Scandinvian peoples,
119
,
127
,
294
–
6
,
298
,
300
–
5
,
307
–
8
,
314

conversion of the Rus,
176
–
7

political potential of,
221
,
230
,
291
–
2
,
296

and the Roman Empire,
92

Viking resistance to,
11

in Western Europe,
99
–
101
,
105
,
174

Cimbri, the,
74

Cimmerians,
53

Clark, Kenneth,
2
,
94

Clonycavan Man,
67

clothing, Viking,
138
,
143
–
5

Clovis, King of the Franks,
99

Cnut the Great,
5
,
325
,
326
–
31

Codex Regius
,
278

Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh
,
213

coins,
xx
–
xxi
,
124
,
160
–
1
,
173
,
232
,
236
,
258
,
308
,
312
,
314
,
314
–
15
,
315
–
16
,
327

paid in Danegeld,
318

Columba, St,
104
,
147
,
200

Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor,
327
–
8

Constantine, Emperor,
92
–
3
,
94

Constantine, King of Scots,
256
–
7
,
258
,
259
–
60

Constantinople,
18
,
93
–
4
,
95
,
98
–
9
,
175
–
6

fall of,
182

Viking raids,
178
–
81

see also
Istanbul

Copenhagen,
72
–
3

National Museum,
41
,
42
,
43
,
66

Corded Ware Beaker culture,
32

Cornwall, England,
39

Coutts, Douglas,
248
–
9

cremation,
89
,
123

Cromwell, Oliver,
330

Cuerdale silver hoard,
315
–
16

Cunliffe, Sir Barry,
48
,
49

Curtis, Tony,
141

Cuthbert, St,
148
,
149
,
152

Church of,
10
,
112

Cyprus,
39

Dál Riata,
104
,
147

Danegeld,
317
–
18
,
321
,
326

Danelaw,
235
,
236
,
237
,
314

Danes,
127
,
153
,
174
,
192
,
194
,
220
,
247
,
257
,
291

conversion to Christianity,
296
–
8
,
302
–
12

defeat Edmund Ironside,
325
–
6

St Brice’s Day Massacre,
321
–
3

Danevirke, the,
35
,
126
–
7
,
193
,
293
,
297

Deira, Kingdom of,
222

Denmark

Bronze Age,
33
,
36
–
44
,
42
–
4

construction of Danevirke,
126
–
7

conversion to Christianity,
296
–
8
,
300
–
5
,
307
–
8

Copenhagen National Museum,
41
,
42
,
43
,
66

development under Harald Bluetooth,
309
–
11

emergence of statehood,
193
–
4
,
301
–
2

Faroe Islands,
264
,
264
–
5

geographical features,
22
–
3
,
24
,
73

Iron Age,
54
–
5
,
59
,
80
,
89

Mesolithic period,
12
,
14
,
20

Dicuil,
263
,
266

Diocletian, Emperor,
88

Dnester, River,
164

Dnieper, River,
164
,
172
,
184
–
5

Dogger Bank,
13

Dorestad (Netherlands),
194
,
226

Dorset, England,
4
,
154
,
155

Douglas, Kirk,
141

dragon ships,
129
,
132
,
133
,
137
–
40

contemporary description,
134

see also
long ships

drakkar
,
132
,
137

see also
dragon ships; long ships

Dublin, Ireland,
134
,
154
,
206
–
7
,
210
,
213
–
14
,
215
–
16
,
234
,
316

Dudo of St Quentin,
Historia Normannorum
,
196

Dunrally Fort, Ireland,
202
–
5
,
205
,
206

Dupuytren’s Contracture,
5

Dyle River (Belgium),
204

Eadfrith, Bishop,
149

Eadred, King of England,
313

Eadric Streona,
326

East Anglia,
222
,
224
,
227
,
228
,
235
,
257
,
326

Eastern Orthodox Church,
176

Ecclesiastical History of the English People
(Bede),
102
–
3
,
150

Ecgbert of Northumbria,
225

Ecgfrith, King,
105

Edgar the Aetheling,
332
–
3

Edgar the Peaceful,
313
,
314
–
15
,
316
,
327

Edington, Battle of,
235

Edmund, King of East Anglia,
228

Edmund Ironside,
325
–
6

Edward, King of the Anglo-Saxons,
257

Edward IV, King of England,
252

Edward the Confessor,
326
–
7
,
331

Edward the Martyr,
316
–
17

Edwin, King,
147
,
150

Egil Skallagrimsson,
261

Egtved girl,
36
–
7
,
38
,
40
,
47
,
85

Einhard,
Vita Karoli Magni
,
100

Eirik, Earl,
320

Eirik Bloodaxe,
312
–
13

Eirik the Red (Eirikur Thorvaldsson),
5
,
137
,
280
,
282
–
3
,
285
–
6
,
290

Elder Edda
(Norse literature),
277
–
8