Vikings (50 page)

Scotland

Ardnamurchan boat burial,
2
–
3

arrival of Christianity,
147

arrival of the Gaels,
104

arrival of the Vikings,
155
,
156

Battle of Dunnichen,
105

kingdoms of,
223
,
254

and Viking culture,
249
–
50

Scott, Sir Walter,
242

Scythians,
53

Sea Stallion
, Viking ship reconstruction,
133
–
5

Second World War,
218
–
19
,
265

Senchus fer nAlban
,
104

Senones,
74

Sheppey, Isle of, Kent, England,
224

‘Shetland Bus,’
218
–
19
,
238

Shetland Islands,
7
–
9
,
136
,
154
,
155
,
156
,
198
,
217
–
19
,
238
–
47
,
248
,
251

ship settings,
45
–
6
,
108
,
298

ships and boats

contemporary description,
134

dragon ships,
129
,
132
–
4
,
137
–
40

drakkar
,
132
,
137

invention of the keel,
129
–
30

karv
,
137

knarr
,
137

long ships,
27
,
34
,
45
,
132

river navigation,
164

Sea Stallion
(reconstruction, 2004),
133
–
5

ship-building,
129
–
33
,
137
–
40

Sicga,
151
,
152

Sigtuna (Sweden),
189

Sihtric, Viking King of York,
257

Silius Aulus Caecina Largus, Gaius,
81

silk,
143
,
163
,
181
,
187
,
189
–
90
,
216
,
236

Silkeborg Museum,
65

silver,
163
,
172
–
3
,
185
,
193
,
195
,
215
,
312
,
318

Cuerdale silver hoard,
315
–
16

paid in Danegeld,
317
–
18
,
324

St Ninian’s Isle treasure,
248
–
9

Sjælland (Denmark),
26
,
28
,
44
,
89
,
310

Skateholm (Sweden),
26

Skellig Michael,
262

Skoglund, Peter,
46

Skrydstrup Woman,
40

Skuldelev (Denmark),
133

Skye, Isle of,
11
,
152

slavery,
210
–
14

Slavs,
174

Snæbjörn Galti,
282

Snorri Sturluson,
277
,
320

South Orkney,
xxii
–
xxiii

Southampton, England,
226

Stamford Bridge,
332

Staraya Ladoga (Russia),
159
–
61
,
166
,
180
,
184
,
186
,
238

State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg,
161
,
186

Stirling, Scotland,
7

Stockholm Museum,
190

Stone Age,
12
,
13
,
18
,
28

hunters,
20
,
26

stone circles,
45

Stone of Scone,
256

Stöng, Iceland,
269
–
70

Storegga Slide,
12
–
13

Sturluson, Snorri,
114

Sussex,
222

Sutton Hoo burial,
103
,
122

Svear, the,
114
,
127

Svein Asleifsson,
198

Svein Forkbeard, King of Denmark,
134
,
311
,
317
,
318
–
19
,
320
,
324
–
5

Sweden

Bredaror burial cairn,
47
–
9

Gamla Uppsala,
114
–
22

geographical features,
23

Mesolithic period,
13
,
14
,
21

origins of name,
114

trading centres,
158

Swedish Vikings,
159
,
166
,
178
,
186
,
187
–
8
,
220
,
238

see also
Rus dynasty

Sydvestjyske Museum, Ribe, Denmark,
306

Symeon of Durham,
128

History of the English Kings
,
224

Synod of Whitby,
148

Tacitus,
68
,
258

Germania
,
16
–
17
,
64
,
77
,
114

Tait, Ian,
244

Teutoburg Forest, Battle of,
75
–
8

Teutones, the,
74

Thanet, Kent, England,
223

Theodosius I, Emperor,
94

Theodosius II, Emperor,
94

Thjodhild (wife of Eirik the Red),
290
–
1

Thor (Old Norse god),
119
–
20
,
231
,
278

Thorfinn Karlsefni,
287

Thorgeirr,
305

Thorkell the Tall,
324
–
5
,
326

Thorvald,
287

Thracians,
86

thralls
,
211

see also
slavery

Thyre, Queen of Denmark,
293
,
298
,
301

Tiberius, Emperor,
75
,
76

Toke,
293

Tollund Man,
64
–
6
,
68
,
85

Tostig,
331

trade

Bronze Age,
40
,
53

with Constantinople,
179
,
181

Dorestad (Netherlands),
194

growth in international trade,
158
–
9

Helgö (Sweden),
126

between Iceland and Greenland,
284

Ireland,
215
–
16

Iron Age,
79
,
82

with Rome,
88

in silver,
172
–
3

slave trade,
212
–
14

Trelleborg (Denmark),
310
–
11

Trindhoj Man,
41
,
85

Turgesius (Thorgils),
213

Tybrind Vig,
24
–
5
,
85

unicorns,
285

Up Helly Aa,
7
–
9

Upper Palaeolithic,
18
,
20

Uppsala, Gamla,
114
–
22

Valhalla,
231

Valsgärde (Sweden),
122
,
123

Vambrup (Denmark),
41

Vandals, the,
88

Varangian Guard,
183
–
4
,
331

Varus, Publius Quinctilius,
75
,
76
,
77

Vedbæk (Mesolithic cemetry),
26
–
7
,
85

Vejle River (Denmark),
309

Vendel cemetery (Sweden),
122

Verdun, Treaty of,
195

Viborg (Denmark),
309

Victor, Paul-Émile,
282

Viking, origin of name,
153

‘Viking Claw’

see
Dupuytren’s Contracture

Viking Empires
,
75

Viking re-enacters,
164
–
5

The Vikings
(film),
141

Vikings
(TV documentary),
59

‘Vinland,’
287
–
9

Vistula (river),
157
,
159
,
164

Vladimir the Great,
175
–
7
,
178
,
295
–
6

Volkhov (river),
159
,
160
,
163
,
164
,
171

Volkhov (Russia),
159

Volkoff, Vladimir,
142

Vortigern, British King,
103

Wales,
222

the Great Orme,
39

weapons,
3

Bronze Age,
40
,
50

as burial items,
231

Iron Age,
69

Roman,
78
–
9

of the Rus,
144
–
5
,
172

Wearmouth, Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey,
111

Wehlin, Joakim,
46
,
108
–
11

Wessex,
222
,
228
,
234
–
5

Western Isles,
251
–
3

wheel-houses,
243

Whitby, Synod of,
148

Widukind,
303

Wiglaf of Mercia,
229

Willbrord,
298

William the Conqueror,
140
,
332

Wiltzi,
159

Winchester Cathedral,
330

Wittegenstein, Ludwig,
28

Wolins,
159

Woolf, Alex,
154
,
155
,
198
,
222
,
227
,
255

Wystan, St,
229

Yggdrasil,
269

Ynglinga dynasty,
154

Ynglinga
saga,
114
,
118
,
121

York, England,
158
,
226
,
236

Neil Oliver is an archaeologist, historian, writer and broadcaster, whose award-winning documentary series include
Coast, A History of Scotland
and
A History of Ancient Britain
. He lives in Stirling with his wife and three children.

A History of Scotland

A History of Ancient Britain

Vikings

SECTION ONE

Sword, axe head and bronze pin recovered from the Ardnamurchan peninsula in 2011 (Jeff J. Mitchell / Getty Images)

Up Helly Aa festival, 25 January 2005 (Jeff J. Mitchell / Reuters / Corbis)

Vedbæk Woman, Denmark (DEA / De Agostini / Getty Images)

Egtved Girl, Denmark (Erich Lessing / AKG Images)

One of Egtved Girl’s bronze bracelets (De Agostini / AKG Images)

Bronze Age rock carvings of long ships, Tanumshede, Sweden (DEA / M. Seemuller / Getty Images)

The Brudevælte Lurs (Werner Forman / Corbis)

Petroglyphs on the walls of Bredaror burial cairn in Sweden (Christophe Boisvieux / hemis.fr / Getty Images)

Tollund Man (Christian Kober / Robert Harding / Corbis)

Pictish stone in Aberlemno churchyard, Scotland (Robert Harding / Corbis)

Headpiece from an eighth-century Irish bishop’s crozier, Helgö, Sweden (Werner Forman / Corbis)

Reliquary bust of Charlemagne, King of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor (Gianni Dagli Orti / Cathedral Treasury, Aachen / The Art Archive)

Stone ships at the Lindholm Høje cemetery near Aalborg, Denmark (Ted Spiegel / Corbis)

Bronze Age ship settings on Gotland, Sweden

SECTION TWO

Lindisfarne Priory (Roger Coulam / Getty Images)

Page from the Lindisfarne Gospels (British Library / AKG Images)

A carved grave marker at Lindisfarne Priory depicting Viking raiders armed with swords and axes (Ted Spiegel / Corbis)

The Gokstad Ship (Richard T. Nowitz / Corbis)

Detail of carvings found at the Oseberg Ship burial (Heritage Images / Corbis)

Dragon head post from the Oseberg Ship (Heritage Images / Corbis)

Viking Age picture stone from Gotland, Sweden (Erich Lessing / AKG Images)

A faithfully reconstructed replica of the Oseberg Ship (David Lomax / Robert Harding / Getty Images)

Constantinople city walls (Robert Mulder / Getty Images)

Greek Fire (Sonia Halliday Photographs / Alamy)

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Bruno Morandi / Getty Images)

Graffito in Hagia Sofia (Ted Spiegel / Corbis)

A hoard of silver coins and jewellery, Birka, Sweden (Werner Forman / Corbis)

Viking silver coins, Birka, Sweden (Ted Spiegel / Corbis)

Excavation for Viking artefacts in Dublin (Ted Spiegel / Corbis)

The Alfred Jewel (Getty Images)

Alfred the Great (British Library / AKG Images)

SECTION THREE

Iron Age ‘wheel-house’, Jarlshof, Shetland (Patrick Dieudonne / Robert Harding / Corbis)

Thingvellir, the site of Iceland’s Althing (Werner Forman / Corbis)

Eirik the Red’s arrival in Greenland,
AD
982 (Mary Evans Picture Library / Alamy)

The Vinland Map (DEA / M. Seemuller / Getty Images)

Odin and fellow Viking gods (British Library / AKG Images)