Vikings (48 page)

Elling Woman,
66

Emma of Normandy,
134
,
326
,
328
,
331

Encomium Emmae Reginae
,
133

England,
313

Alfred Jewel,
226
–
7

Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy,
222

Battle of Ashingdon,
325
–
6

Battle of Maldon,
317
–
18

Beowulf
,
122

under Cnut the Great,
326
–
31

first Kings of England,
257
–
60

government stabilised,
313
–
16

Historia Regum Anglorum
,
128

invasion by Harold Hardrada,
331
–
2

last Viking king,
313

Norman invasion, 1066,
271
,
332
–
3

payment of Danegeld,
317
–
18
,
321

St Brice’s Day Massacre,
321
–
4

trade,
158

Viking presence,
223
–
37
,
239
–
40

Viking raids,
192
,
318
–
19
,
324
–
5

English language, ‘loan words,’
237

Ericsson (telecommunications company),
35
,
36

Ermantarius (monk),
195

Ertebølle culture,
21
–
2
,
24
,
26
,
28
,
85

Essex,
222
,
257

Ethelred, King,
128

Etruscans,
70
–
1

Europe, Medieval,
221

The Face of Britain
(TV programme),
4

Falys, Ceri,
322

Fårö (Sweden),
107
–
11

Faroe Islands,
136
,
155
,
262
,
263
–
8

Fergus Mor mac Eirc,
104

Finland,
15

Gulf of,
159

Finnian of Clonard, St,
262

Flateyjarbók
,
263
–
4

Floki Vilgertharson,
265
–
6

food preservation,
274
–
6

Forannan, Abbot,
213

Forte, Angelo,
Viking Empires
,
75
,
78

Fossati, Gaspare and Giuseppe,
183

France,
153

arrival of Franks,
88

Bronze Age artefacts,
54

defeat of Muslim army by Charles Martel,
97
,
99

Greek colonies,
82

Quentovic,
158

secession of Normandy to the Vikings,
197

united by Clovis,
99

Viking raids,
194
–
6
,
195

Frankish Annals of St Bertin

see
Annales Bertiniani

Franks, the,
88
,
97
,
99
,
126
,
153
,
193
,
194
–
6
,
205
,
220

Frisia,
193
,
205

funeral ceremonies,
167
–
71

Fyrkat (Denmark),
310

Gaels,
104
,
240
,
251
,
254
–
6

Gamla Uppsala (Sweden),
114
–
22

Garthar Svavarsson,
266

Germany,
21
,
158

Gibbon, Edward,
94
,
97

Glasha River,
202
,
203

Godfred, King of the Danes,
127
,
173
,
193
,
194
,
297

gods and goddesses, Norse,
5

gods and goddesses, Viking,
114
,
119
–
20
,
162
,
231
,
268
–
9
,
278
,
278
–
9
,
293

see also Elder Edda
(Norse literature)

Gokstad Ship,
139
–
40

Gorm the Old,
293
–
4
,
297
,
298
,
300
–
1
,
309

Gorodisce (Russia),
184

Goths,
88
,
122

Gotland (Sweden),
24
,
45
,
46
,
79
,
91
,
107
–
8
,
157
,
173

Grauballe Man,
66

‘Great Heathen Army,’
224
,
225
–
8
,
233

Greeks,
70
–
1

Greenland,
136
,
137
,
155
,
280
–
4

Grentoft (Denmark),
58

Grimur Kamban,
264

Grønbjerg (Denmark),
58

Gudme (Denmark),
91
–
2
,
113

Gunnbjörn Ulfsson,
280
–
1
,
290

Gunnhild (sister of Svein
Forkbeard),
322

Gunnhild of Denmark,
328

Guthrum (later Aethelstan),
234
,
235

Gutnish (language),
107

Haakon IV, King of Norway,
253

Haakon Sigurdsson,
319
–
20

Haakon the Good,
313

Hadrian, Emperor,
87

Hadrian’s Wall,
87

Hærvejen
road (Denmark),
309

Hagia Sophia,
176
,
181
,
182
–
4

Halfdan, Viking chieftan,
234

Halfdan the Black,
138

Hallström, Gustaf,
47
,
48

Hålogaland (Norway),
319

Harald ‘Bluetooth’ Blatand,
35
–
6
,
293
,
297
,
300
,
301
–
2
,
305
,
307
,
308
–
9
,
311
,
317

conversion to Christianity,
303
–
4

Harald Fairhair,
139
,
154
,
240
,
241
,
250
,
262
,
312
–
13

Harald II of Denmark,
325
,
326
–
7

Harald Sigurdarsson (Hardrada),
331
–
2

Harold, King of Denmark,
205

Harold Godwinson,
331
–
2

Harthacnut, King of England,
326
,
330

Harun al-Rashid, Caliph of Baghdad,
101

Hassle (Sweden),
40

Hastein,
196

Hastings, Battle of,
332
–
3

Hávamál
(Norse poem),
279

Heaney, Seamus,
65
–
6

Hebridean Islands,
199
,
251

Hedeby (Denmark),
127
,
173
,
187
,
193
,
222
,
298

Hedegaard (Denmark), Iron Age settlement and cemetery,
89
–
90

Heimskringla
,
114
,
320

Hekla, Mount,
270

Helgö (Sweden),
124
–
6
,
188
,
190

Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor,
328

Henry the Fowler,
293
,
304

Herclius, Emperor,
96
–
7

Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg

see
State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg

Herning (Denmark),
55
–
6

Herodotus,
39

Hildebrand, Bror Emil,
117

Historia Normannorum
,
196

Historia Norwegie
,
240
,
247
,
265

Historia Regum Anglorum
,
128

Hjortspring Boat,
68
–
70
,
85
,
129
,
130

Hoby Chieftain’s grave,
80
–
1
,
85

Hodde (Denmark),
58
,
85

Holy Island

see
Iona; Lindisfarne

Holy Roman Empire,
101
,
304

Imperial Crown,
328
–
9

Hordaland,
11

Horik,
298

Horoaland,
154
,
155
,
198

Huldremose Woman,
66
–
7
,
85

human sacrifice,
63
–
8
,
119
–
21

Hungary,
48

Husby (Sweden),
122

hygiene,
145
–
6

Hywel, King of the Welsh,
258

Iberian peoples,
86

Ibn Fadlan,
144
–
6
,
166
,
167
–
71
,
185
,
290

Ibn Rustah, Ahmad,
166
–
7

Ice Age,
11
–
12

Iceland,
136
,
137
,
155
,
261
–
77

Athling,
271
–
4
,
305

conversion to Christianity,
305

Icelandic sagas,
84
–
5
,
158
,
261
,
294

India,
124

Ingolfr Arnarson,
266
,
267

Ingstad, Helge and Anne,
288

Inuit,
287
,
289

Iona,
11
,
104
,
147
,
148
,
149
,
241
,
255

Ireland

artefacts,
125

‘bog-bodies,’
67

conversion to Christianity,
147
,
199
–
200

Gaels,
104

monasticism,
262
–
3

National Museum,
212

Newgrange passage tomb,
49

slavery,
210
–
12

source of copper,
39

as Viking base,
154
–
5

Viking Dublin,
201
–
16
,
316

Viking raids,
197
–
8
,
257

iron, replaces bronze,
54
–
7

Iron Age,
56
–
9
,
63

burials,
80
,
89
–
90

climate,
88

Dunrally Fort, Ireland,
202

Roman imports,
89
–
90

slave trade,
211
–
12

weaponry and boats,
69
–
70

Islam,
95
–
8
,
105
,
176
,
182

Isle of Man,
155
–
6
,
192

Íslendingabók
(the Book of the Icelanders),
266
,
267

Istanbul,
1
,
182

see also
Constantinople

Italy, Viking raids,
196

Ivarr the Boneless,
215
–
16
,
227
,
233
,
236
,
260
,
297

Iversen, Kaare,
218
,
219

Izborsk (Russia),
172

James III, King of Scotland,
251
,
252

Jarlshof, Shetland Islands,
242
–
5

Jarrow,
11
,
154

Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey,
111
,
152

Jelling (Denmark),
309

monuments,
298
–
9
,
301
–
2

Jensen, Troels Bo,
306
,
307

Jerusalem,
96
–
7

jewellery,
145

John XII, Pope,
304

John XIX, Pope,
327

Jomsvikings,
324

Jorvik

see
York

Judaism,
176

Justinian I, Emperor,
17
,
95
,
176
,
211

Jutes, the,
103

Kanhave Canal (Denmark),
297

Karl XV, King of Sweden,
116

karv
,
137

Kaul, Flemming,
45

keel, invention of,
129
–
30

Kelly, Eamonn,
202
–
5

Kenneth MacAlpin (Kenneth I of
Scotland),
255
–
6

Kent, England,
103
,
222

Kiev,
172
,
175
–
7
,
181
,
185

Kivik,
47
,
48
–
9
,
52
,
85

knarr
,
137

Knytlinga
saga,
330

Kongemose culture,
28

Koran,
96
,
97

Kristiansen, Kristian,
48

Landnánabók
,
266

language, English

Celtic and Anglo-Saxon influences,
239
–
40