1848 (67 page)

15
Dommanget,
Auguste Blanqui
, p. 159.

16
From Sobrier's letter-book, pp. 192-3, in AN, W//574 (‘Pièces concernant Sobrier').

17
Quoted in Harsin,
Barricades
, p. 295.

18
Document in M. Agulhon (ed.),
Les Quarante-huitards
(Paris: Gallimard-Julliard, 1975), p. 152.

19
Document in Price,
Documents
, pp. 79-80.

20
Document in ibid., pp. 83-4.

21
M. du Camp,
Souvenirs de l'année 1848
(Paris, 1876), pp. 238-9.

22
Ibid., p. 241.

23
Caussidière,
Mémoires
, ii, p. 222.

24
K. Marx,
Class Struggles in France 1848-1850
(New York: International Publishers, 1964), p. 56.

25
Extract in Price,
Documents
, p. 83.

26
F. A. de Luna,
The French Republic under Cavaignac
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969), pp. 135-6.

27
A. Herzen,
From the Other Shore
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979), p. 46.

28
Document in Agulhon,
Quarante-huitards
, pp. 155-6.

29
Herzen,
From the Other Shore
, p. 46.

30
Price,
French Second Republic
, p. 171.

31
Du Camp,
Souvenirs
, p. 242.

32
Quoted in de Luna,
French Republic
, p. 140.

33
Robertson,
Revolutions of 1848
, p. 90. Robertson quotes the women as screaming, ‘Cowards, do you dare fire on the belly of a woman?', but one suspects that ‘belly' was not the exact word used. The story originates, I think, with Victor Hugo.

34
Quoted in de Luna,
French Republic
, p. 142.

35
Tocqueville,
Souvenirs
, p. 196.

36
Du Camp,
Souvenirs
, pp. 253, 256-7.

37
Ibid., pp. 270-2.

38
Document in Price,
Documents
, p. 94.

39
Ibid., pp. 94-5.

40
Price,
French Second Republic
, pp. 176-7.

41
AN, BB/18/1465A (dossier 59: Insurrection du 23 juin à Paris).

42
Caussidière,
Mémoires
, ii, p. 224.

43
Price,
French Second Republic
, pp. 159, 168, 171.

44
L. Blanc,
Histoire de la Révolution de 1848
, 5th edn (Paris, 1880), ii, pp. 153-4.

45
Ibid., pp. 153-4.

46
R. L. Hoffman,
Revolutionary Justice: The Social and Political Theory of P.-J. Proudhon
(Urbana, Chicago and London: University of Illinois Press, 1972), pp. 137-8.

47
Blanc,
Histoire
, ii, p. 147.

48
Quoted in de Luna,
French Republic
, p. 147.

49
Extract in Agulhon,
Quarante-huitards
, p. 168.

50
Extract in Price,
Documents
, pp. 101-2.

51
Ibid., p. 98.

52
De Luna,
French Republic
, p. 150; Price,
French Second Republic
, p. 187; Marx,
Class Struggles
, pp. 56-7.

53
Flaubert,
Sentimental Education
, Part 3, Chapter 1.

54
Caussidière,
Mémoires
, ii, pp. 232-3.

55
Herzen,
From the Other Shore
, p. 47.

56
Tocqueville,
Souvenirs
, pp. 190-1.

57
Ibid., p. 182.

58
Marx,
Class Struggles
, p. 56.

59
Price,
French Second Republic
, pp. 162-6.

60
Quoted in S. Zucker,
Ludwig Bamberger: German Liberal Politician and Social Critic, 1823-1899
(Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1975), p. 26.

61
Engels,
Germany: Revolution and Counter-Revolution
, p. 63.

62
Quoted in Siemann,
German Revolution
, p. 92.

63
Quoted in Stadelmann,
Social and Political History
, p. 163.

64
‘Demands of the Communist Party in Germany', in Engels,
Germany: Revolution and Counter-Revolution
, pp. 132-4.

65
Sperber,
Rhineland Radicals
, p. 228.

66
Quoted in ibid., p. 227.

67
Zucker,
Ludwig Bamberger
, p. 25.

68
Stadelmann,
Social and Political History
, p. 170; Siemann,
German Revolution
, p. 90.

69
Quoted in ibid., p. 90.

70
Stadelmann,
Social and Political History
, pp. 168-9.

71
Ibid., pp. 170-3.

72
Siemann,
German Revolution
, p. 91.

73
Lewald,
Year of Revolutions
, pp. 102-3.

74
Sheehan,
German Liberalism
, p. 53.

75
Lewald,
Year of Revolutions
, pp. 97, 100.

76
Siemann,
German Revolution
, pp. 137-8.

77
Lewald,
Year of Revolutions
, pp. 113-14.

78
Quoted in Robertson,
Revolutions of 1848
, p. 135.

79
Quoted in Valentin,
1848
, pp. 293-4.

80
Bismarck,
Reflections and Reminiscences
, i, p. 52.

81
Quoted in Valentin,
1848
, p. 294.

82
Bismarck,
Reflections and Reminiscences
, i, p. 50.

83
Siemann,
German Revolution
, p. 166.

84
H. W. Koch,
A Constitutional History of Germany in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
(London: Longman, 1984), pp. 55-6.

85
Siemann,
German Revolution
, pp. 80-1.

86
Quoted in Winkler,
Germany: The Long Road West
, vol 1, p. 98.

87
Letter of Theodor Paur, 19 September 1848, quoted in Eyck,
Revolutions of 1848-49
, p. 112.

88
Schurz,
Reminiscences
, i, pp. 142-3.

89
Ibid., vol. i, p. 143.

90
Lewald,
Year of Revolutions
, pp. 121, 129, 133.

91
Letter of C. Koch-Gontard, in Eyck,
Revolutions of 1848-49
, p. 112.

92
Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49
, i, p. 136.

93
Ibid., vol. 1, p. 142.

94
Rath,
Viennese Revolution
, p. 253.

95
Hübner,
Une Année
, pp. 267-9.

96
Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49
, i, p. 153; Engels,
Germany: Revolution and Counter-Revolution
, p. 68.

97
Hübner,
Une Année
, pp. 278-9; Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49
, i, p. 156.

98
Quoted in Rath,
Viennese Revolution
, p. 296.

99
Engels,
Germany: Revolution and Counter-Revolution
, p. 68.

100
Rath,
Viennese Revolution
, pp. 292-6.

101
Pech,
Czech Revolution
, p. 291.

102
Polišenský,
Aristocrats and the Crowd
, pp. 127-8; Pech,
Czech Revolution
, p. 140.

103
Polišenský,
Aristocrats and the Crowd
, pp. 138-9.

104
Ibid., pp. 153-62; Pech,
Czech Revolution
, pp. 145-7.

105
L. D. Orton,
The Prague Slav Congress of 1848
(Boulder, Col.: East European Quarterly, 1978), pp. 33-6.

106
Namier,
1848
, p. 111.

107
Orton,
Prague Slav Congress
, p. 94.

108
Namier,
1848
, p. 103.

109
Orton,
Prague Slav Congress
, pp. 107-15.

110
Quoted in Rath,
Viennese Revolution
, pp. 262-3.

111
Deme,
Radical Left
, pp. 49-51.

112
Ibid., pp. 60-5, 75; Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, pp. 142-4.

113
Spira,
Hungarian Count
, p. 229.

114
Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, p. 146.

115
Hitchins,
The Romanians
, pp. 262-3.

116
Quoted in ‘Carpathinus', ‘1848 and Roumanian Unification', pp. 393-4.

117
Quoted in Hitchins,
The Romanians
, p. 233.

118
Glenny,
The Balkans
, pp. 61-3; Hitchins,
The Romanians
, pp. 233-6.

119
Ibid., pp. 237-8; D. V. Pleshoyano,
Colonel Nicolae Pleşoianu and the National Regeneration Movement in Walachia
(Boulder, Col.: East European Monographs, 1991), pp. 18-19.

120
Quoted in Pleshoyano,
Colonel Nicolae Pleşoianu
, p. 26.

121
Hitchins,
The Romanians
, pp. 238-45; Glenny,
The Balkans
, p. 63.

122
‘Carpathinus', ‘1848 and Roumanian Unification', p. 403.

123
Pleshoyano,
Colonel Nicolae Pleşoianu
, pp. 80-2

124
Hitchins,
The Romanians
, pp. 240, 245-9; Pleshoyano,
Colonel Nicolae Pleşoianu
, pp. 70-1, 86-96.

125
Quoted in Glenny,
The Balkans
, pp. 40-1.

126
Quoted in Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, p. 139.

127
Quoted in Rothenberg, ‘Jelačić', p. 55.

128
Quoted in Sked,
Decline and Fall
, p. 97.

129
Quoted in ibid., p. 98.

130
Glenny,
The Balkans
, pp. 54-55.

131
Quoted in Deme,
Radical Left
, p. 99.

132
A. Urbán, ‘The Hungarian Army of 1848-49', Kiraty and Rothenberg,
War and Society in East Central Europe
, vol. 1, pp. 97-100.

133
Quoted in Deme,
Radical Left
, p. 91.

134
Quoted in Spira,
Hungarian Count
, p. 247.

135
Sked,
Survival of the Habsburg Empire
, pp. 145-6.

136
Berkeley and Berkeley,
Italy in the Making
, iii, pp. 352-73.

137
B. King,
History of Italian Unity
, i, pp. 259-60.

138
Quoted in Sked,
Survival of the Habsburg Empire
, p. 149.

139
Quoted in B. King,
History of Italian Unity
, i, p. 263.

140
L. Ambrosoli, notes to Cattaneo, ‘L'Insurrection', pp. 957-8.

141
C. Hibbert,
Garibaldi and his Enemies: The Clash of Arms and Personalities in the Making of Italy
(Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1987), p. 32.

142
Garibaldi,
My Life
, p. 8.

143
Quoted in Woolf,
History of Italy
, p. 393.

144
Garibaldi,
My Life
, p. 8.

145
Ibid., pp. 10-11.

146
Mack Smith,
Mazzini
, p. 63; Garibaldi,
My Life
, pp. 12-14.

147
E. Flagg,
Venice: The City of the Sea from Napoleon to Radetzky
, 2 vols (New York: Scribners, 1853), ii, p. 92.

148
Quoted in Ginsborg,
Daniele Manin
, p. 254.

149
Pepe,
Histoire
, pp. 124-30.

150
Ginsborg,
Daniele Manin
, pp. 254-66; Keates,
Siege of Venice
, pp. 233-49.

151
Ginsborg,
Daniele Manin
, pp. 266-9; Keates,
Siege of Venice
, pp. 250-1.

152
Woolf,
History of Italy
, pp. 393-4; Ginsborg,
Daniele Manin
, pp. 269-74.

153
B. King,
History of Italian Unity
, i, pp. 269-72; Berkeley and Berkeley,
Italy in the Making
, iii pp. 389-90.

154
Ibid., pp. 333-51, 388-9; Bolton King,
History of Italian Unity
, i, pp. 273-7.

155
Quoted in Mack Smith,
History of Sicily
, p. 418.

156
Ibid., pp. 416-22; B. King,
History of Italian Unity
, i, pp. 308-10, 316.

157
Quoted in Hobsbawm,
Age of Revolution
, p. 359.

 

 

CHAPTER 5

1
Bismarck,
Reflections and Reminiscences
, i, p. 50.

2
Quoted in L. Gall,
Bismarck: The White Revolutionary
, 2 vols (London: Allen and Unwin, 1986), i, p. 45.

3
Sperber,
European Revolutions
, p. 131.

4
Agulhon,
1848
, pp. 62-3.

5
Sperber,
European Revolutions
, p. 140.

6
Bismarck,
Reflections and Reminiscences
, i, p. 50.

7
Quoted in Rath,
Viennese Revolution
, p. 304.

8
Hübner,
Une Année
, p. 302.

9
Tocqueville,
Souvenirs
, p. 228.