1848 (66 page)

36
Proclamation in Eyck,
Revolutions of 1848-49
, p. 70.

37
Schurz,
Reminiscences
, i, pp. 129-31.

38
Robertson,
Revolutions of 1848
, p. 158.

39
N. Davies,
God's Playground: A History of Poland
, 2 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981), ii, pp. 340-6.

40
See M. K. Dziewanowski, ‘1848 and the Hotel Lambert',
Slavonic and East European Review
, vol. 26 (1947-8), pp. 361-73.

41
Kisluk,
Brothers from the North
, pp. 1-15.

42
Namier,
1848
, p. 58.

43
Quoted in P. S. Wandycz
The Lands of Partitioned Poland, 1795-1918
(Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1975), p. 139; pre-parliament's resolution in Eyck,
Revolutions of 1848-49
, pp. 83-4.

44
Quoted in Namier,
1848
, p. 55.

45
Circourt,
Souvenirs
, i, pp. 303, 315.

46
K. Popiołk and F. Popiołek, ‘1848 in Silesia',
Slavonic and East European Review
, vol. 26 (1947-8), pp. 374-81.

47
Quoted in Namier,
1848
, pp. 71, 73. Other details in A. Zamoyski,
Holy Madness: Romantics, Patriots and Revolutionaries 1776-1871
(London: Phoenix, 2001), pp. 330-1; Kisluk,
Brothers from the North
, pp. 49-52.

48
Ibid., pp. 66-7; Zamoyski,
Holy Madness
, p. 346; Wandycz,
Lands of Partitioned Poland
, pp. 140-1; Namier,
1848
, pp. 76-7.

49
Namier,
1848
, pp. 88-9.

50
Quoted in ibid., p. 87.

51
Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49
, i, p. 119.

52
K. A. Graf von Leiningen-Westerburg,
Letters and Journal (1848-49) of Count Charles Leiningen-Westerburg: General in the Hungarian Army
(London: Duckworth, 1911), p. 86.

53
Pech,
Czech Revolution
, pp. 74-80.

54
The letter is translated by W. Beardmore in ‘Letter sent by Frantíšek Palacký to Frankfurt',
Slavonic and East European Review
, vol. 26 (1947-8), pp. 303-8. See also J. Polišenský,
Aristocrats and the Crowd in the Revolutionary Year 1848: A Contribution to the History of Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Austria
(Albany: State University of New York Press, 1980), pp. 129-30, and Pech,
Czech Revolution
, pp. 80-5.

55
Polišenský,
Aristocrats and the Crowd
, pp. 61-70.

56
On this issue, see A. G. Whiteside, ‘The Germans as an Integrative Force in Imperial Austria: The Dilemma of Dominance',
Austrian History Yearbook
, vol. 3 (1967), pp. 157-200.

57
Pech,
Czech Revolution
, pp. 89-90; Polišenský,
Aristocrats and the Crowd
, p. 131.

58
Quoted in Pech,
Czech Revolution
, p. 93.

59
Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, p. 109.

60
Stiles,
Austria in 1848-49
, i, pp. 127-8.

61
Ibid., p. 129.

62
Ibid., pp. 131-2.

63
Quoted in Rath,
Viennese Revolution
, p. 196.

64
Quoted in ibid., p. 178.

65
For the revolution in Galicia, see Kisluk,
Brothers from the North
, pp. 52-64; Wandycz,
Lands of Partitioned Poland
, pp. 141-5.

66
Quoted in J.-P. Himka,
Galician Villagers and the Ukrainian National Movement in the Nineteenth Century
(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1988), pp. 32-3.

67
S. Kieniewicz, ‘The Social Visage of Poland in 1848',
Slavonic and East European Review
, vol. 27 (1948-9), pp. 101-3.

68
Deme,
Radical Left
, pp. 39, 40.

69
Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, pp. 95-9.

70
Deme,
Radical Left
, p. 25.

71
Quoted in ibid., p. 43.

72
Quoted in Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, p. 122.

73
Quoted in I. Deak, ‘István Széchenyi, Miklós Wesselényi, Lajos Kossuth and the Problem of Romanian Nationalism',
Austrian History Yearbook
, vols 12-13 (1976-7), p. 75.

74
‘Carpathinus', ‘1848 and Roumanian Unification',
Slavonic Review
, vol. 26 (1947-8), p. 392.

75
K. Hitchins,
The Romanians 1774-1866
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996), pp. 251-2.

76
Quoted in Deme,
Radical Left
, pp. 72-3.

77
Hitchins,
The Romanians
, pp. 253-5.

78
Quoted in ‘Carpathinus', ‘1848 and Roumanian Unification', p. 400.

79
Hitchins,
The Romanians
, p. 257.

80
M. Glenny,
The Balkans 1804-1999: Nationalism, War and the Great Powers
(London: Granta, 1999), pp. 39-40.

81
G. E. Rothenberg, ‘Jelačić, the Croatian Military Border, and the Intervention against Hungary in 1848',
Austrian History Yearbook
, vol. 1 (1965), pp. 50-2.

82
Hitchins,
The Romanians
, pp. 261-2.

83
Quoted in Glenny,
The Balkans
, p. 40.

84
Sked,
Decline and Fall
, pp. 126-8.

85
Rothenberg, ‘Jelačić', pp. 53-6.

86
Quoted in G. F. H. Berkeley and J. Berkeley,
Italy in the Making
, 3 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1940), iii, p. 173.

87
Herzen,
Letters from France and Italy
, p. 113.

88
D. Mack Smith, ‘The Revolutions of 1848-1849 in Italy', in Evans and Pogge von Strandmann,
Revolutions in Europe
, p. 67.

89
Herzen,
Letters from France and Italy
, pp. 115-17.

90
Berkeley and Berkeley,
Italy in the Making
, iii, pp. 154-5.

91
Ibid., pp. 130, 139.

92
Mack Smith,
History of Sicily
, p. 418.

93
Princess C. T. de Belgiojoso, ‘Les Journées révolutionnaires à Milan', in J. Godechot,
Les Révolutions de 1848
(Paris: Albin Michel, 1971), pp. 375-6.

94
G. M. Trevelyan,
Manin and the Venetian Revolution of 1848
(London: Longman, Green and Co., 1923), p. 184.

95
House of Commons Parliamentary Papers,
Correspondence Respecting the Affairs of Italy
, Part II (January-30 June 1848) (London, 1849), p. 522.

96
Ibid., p. 498.

97
Pepe,
Histoire
, i, pp. 67-72, 76, 79-80.

98
‘Carlo Alberto's proclamation of 23 March 1848', in Mack Smith,
Making of Italy
, p. 148.

99
Quoted variously in H. Hearder,
Cavour
(London: Longman, 1994), p. 35; and Woolf,
History of Italy
, p. 380.

100
G. Mazzini,
Mazzini's Letters to an English Family 1844-1854
, ed. E. F. Richards (London, 1920), p. 79.

101
‘Indirizzo dell'Associazione italiana in Parigi ai Lombardi', in G. Mazzini,
Scritti editi e inediti di Giuseppe Mazzini
, 12 vols (Milan, 1863), vi, pp. 165-7.

102
Ginsborg,
Daniele Manin
, pp. 141-2.

103
Mazzini,
Letters to an English Family
, p. 85.

104
D. Mack Smith,
Mazzini
(New Haven, Conn., and London: Yale University Press, 1994), p. 60; Mack Smith, ‘The Revolutions of 1848-1849 in Italy', p. 66.

105
Mack Smith,
Making of Italy
, pp. 149-50.

106
Mazzini,
Scritti
, vi, p. 172.

107
Quoted in Ginsborg,
Daniele Manin
, p. 206.

108
Mazzini,
Scritti
, vi, p. 214.

109
B. King,
A History of Italian Unity, Being a Political History of Italy from 1814 to 1871
, 2 vols (London, 1899), i, p. 244; Berkeley and Berkeley,
Italy in the Making
, iii, p. 327.

110
Quoted in Keates,
Siege of Venice
, p. 176.

111
Quoted in Ginsborg,
Daniele Manin
, p. 185.

112
Ibid., pp. 207-8.

113
Mack Smith, ‘Revolutions of 1848-1849 in Italy', pp. 66-7.

114
Quoted in Berkeley and Berkeley,
Italy in the Making
, iii, p. 164.

115
Text in Mack Smith,
The Making of Italy
, pp. 151-2.

116
Quoted in Berkeley and Berkeley,
Italy in the Making
, iii, pp. 183-4.

117
B. King,
History of Italian Unity
, pp. 236-9; Woolf,
History of Italy
, p. 384.

118
House of Commons Parliamentary Papers,
Correspondence Respecting the Affairs of Italy
, Part II, pp. 482-4, 495-7, 511-13; B. King,
History of Italian Unity
, p. 240.

119
Pepe,
Histoire
, i, pp. 89-107.

120
Details of the military campaign in northern Italy during the spring can be read in Berkeley and Berkeley,
Italy in the Making
, iii, pp. 111-27, 195-270, 287-319.

121
G. Garibaldi,
My Life
, trans. S. Parkin (London: Hesperus Classics, 2004), pp. 6-7.

122
Quoted in A. Sked,
The Survival of the Habsburg Empire: Radetzky, the Imperial Army and the Class War, 1848
(London: Longman, 1979), p. 142.

123
F. Eyck,
The Frankfurt Parliament 1848-49
(London: Macmillan, 1968), pp. 99-100.

124
Ibid., pp. 241-5.

125
Siemann,
German Revolution
, p. 186.

126
Eyck,
Frankfurt Parliament
, p. 241.

127
Pech,
Czech Revolution
, pp. 139-40, 293-4.

128
Quoted in Macartney,
Habsburg Empire
, p. 356 n.

129
Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, pp. 85-6,

130
Deme,
Radical Left
, pp. 29-30, 48-9.

131
Deak,
Lawful Revolution
, pp. 102, 113-16.

132
Siemann,
German Revolution
, p. 186.

133
R. Price,
The French Second Republic: A Social History
(London: Batsford, 1972), p. 119.

134
AN, BB/18/1461 (dossier 5282A).

135
M. Agulhon,
1848 ou l'apprentissage de la République 1848-1852
(Paris: Seuil, 1973), pp. 150-2.

136
Quoted in S. Zucker, ‘German Women and the Revolution of 1848: Kathinka Zitz-Halein and the Humania Association',
Central European History
, vol. 13, no. 3 (1980), p. 240.

137
Quoted in J. Sperber,
Rhineland Radicals: The Democratic Movement and the Revolution of 1848-1849
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991), p. 252.

138
T. M. Roberts and D. W. Howe, ‘The United States and the Revolutions of 1848', in Evans and Pogge von Strandmann,
Revolutions in Europe
, p. 175.

139
Quoted in Pech,
Czech Revolution
, p. 327.

140
W. Walton, ‘Writing the 1848 Revolution: Politics, Gender, and Feminism in the Works of French Women of Letters',
French Historical Studies
, vol. 18, no. 4 (1994), p. 1013.

141
Sheehan,
German Liberalism
, p. 49.

142
F. Engels,
Germany: Revolution and Counter-Revolution
(London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1969), p. 57.

143
Quoted in Namier,
1848
, p. 51.

144
Quoted, most recently, in T. Baycroft and M. Hewitson, ‘Introduction: What Was a Nation in Nineteenth-Century Europe?' , in T. Baycroft and M. Hewitson (eds),
What is a Nation? Europe 1789-1914
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 1.

145
A. D. Smith,
National Identity
(Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1991), pp. 8-13; A.-M. Thiesse,
La Création des identités nationales: Europe XVIIIe-XXe siècle
(Paris: Seuil, 1999), p. 14.

 

 

CHAPTER 4

1
Tocqueville,
Souvenirs
, p. 156.

2
Ibid., p. 160.

3
Quoted in M. Dommanget,
Auguste Blanqui et la révolution de 1848
(Paris: Mouton, 1972), p. 34.

4
Quoted in ibid., p. 86.

5
Quoted in Harsin,
Barricades
, p. 289.

6
Accounts of 15 May in ibid., pp. 288-93; Tocqueville,
Souvenirs
, pp. 154-69.

7
Ibid., pp. 117-18.

8
P. H. Amman,
Revolution and Mass Democracy: The Paris Club Movement in 1848
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1975), p. 196.

9
Quoted in Price,
French Second Republic
, p. 99.

10
Quoted in ibid., p. 109.

11
Tocqueville,
Souvenirs
, pp. 129-30.

12
Quoted in Price,
French Second Republic
, p. 145.

13
AN, BB/30/333 (dossier 1).

14
Amman,
Revolution and Mass Democracy
, pp. 192, 194.