A People's History of the United States (110 page)

Read A People's History of the United States Online

Authors: Howard Zinn

  • Houston, Sam, 136
  • Howard, Michael, 598
  • Hudson, Hosea, 398–99, 447
  • Huggins, Nathan, 445
  • Hughes, Langston, 404–05, 443, 445, 467
  • Hull, Cordell, 409
  • Humphrey, Hubert 431, 456, 487
  • Humphrey, R. M., 290
  • Hungary, 592
  • Hunt, E. Howard, 543
  • Hunt, Harriot, 118
  • Huntington, Samuel, 558–60, 566
  • Hussein, Saddam, 594, 599, 622–23, 653, 666–67
  • Hutchinson, Anne, 108–09
  • Hutchinson, Thomas, 52–53, 57, 61
  • Huxley, Aldous, 460
  • Ickes, Harold 413
  • Illich, Ivan, 539
  • immigration, 49, 125, 216, 221, 225, 227–28, 230, 238, 244, 253, 254, 265–67, 306, 324, 647–49
    • quotas set, 382
    • see also
      individual ethnic groups
  • imperialism, 314–15, 569
  • indentured servants 42–47, 23, 25, 32, 37, 42–47
  • Indians, Central and South American, 3–7
    passim
    , 11–12, 18, 53
    • see also
      Arawak Indians
  • Indians, North American: anti-Columbus Protests, 625–28
    • Alcatraz, occupation of, 528–29
    • Bacon's Rebellion, 37, 39, 45, 54, 55, 59
    • civilization and culture, 17–22, 135–36, 137, 531–32
    • Colonial era, 12–17
      passim
      , 24, 25, 29, 39, 41, 53–54, 57, 58, 59, 72, 86–87, 87–88
    • death from disease introduced by whites, 16, 87
    • Declaration of Independence and Constitution, 65, 72, 86, 96
    • French and Indian War, 53, 59, 60, 61, 77, 87
    • Indian Removal and warfare, 126–27, 295, 524, 529–30
    • protests by (20th century), 523–37
    • on reservations, 17, 524
    • Revolutionary War, 77, 80, 87, 125, 126
    • suffrage denied, 65, 96
    • treaties with, 128–34
      passim
      , 136, 138, 141–42, 144–45, 146, 526, 529
    • see also
      individual tribes
  • Indochina, 412, 429, 430, 469–72
    • see also
      Vietnam/Vietnam war
  • Indonesia, 429, 567, 595, 655–56
  • Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 330–38, 341, 344, 347, 350, 354, 359, 369, 370, 372–73, 377–79, 382
  • International Monetary Fund, 414, 440, 658, 674
  • International Telephone and Telegraph (ITT), 543, 548, 554
  • Iran, 438, 567, 586, 595, 599, 604
  • Iran/contra affair, 586–87
  • Iraq, 594–600, 647, 652, 653–54, 681, 685
  • Irish immigrants, 46, 49, 100, 159, 160, 177, 225, 226–27, 230, 235, 243, 254, 255, 265, 382
  • Iriye, Akira, 410
  • Iroquois, League of the, 19–20, 21, 86, 130
    see also
    Mohawk Indians
  • Isaac, Rhys, 68
  • Israel, 586, 595, 596, 681
  • Italian immigrants, 226, 244, 265, 266, 349, 382
  • Italy, 438
    • Ethiopia invaded by, 409, 410, 421
    • Spanish Civil War, 409, 421
    • World War II, 411, 412, 423–24
  • Jackson, Andrew, 126–27, 187, 216, 217
    • Indian policy, 10, 127–30, 133, 135, 136, 137, 140, 141, 216
  • Jackson, George, 519–20
  • Jackson, Maynard, 466
  • Jackson, Aunt Molly, 393
  • James, Henry, 323, 360
  • James, William, 300, 314
  • Jamestown, 12, 23, 24, 26, 30, 40, 104
  • Japan, 297, 471, 558
    • China, war with, 406, 410, 427
    • and Indochina, 469, 470
    • “opening of,” 299, 408, 410, 411
    • World War II, 9, 17, 410–11, 413, 421–24, 469, 470
  • Japanese-Americans, internment of, 416
  • Jay, John, 96
  • Jefferson, Thomas, 83, 89, 95, 97, 110, 117, 126, 128
    • Declaration of Independence, 71, 72
  • Jennings, Francis, 14–15, 16, 86, 87, 88
  • Jewish immigrants, 265, 268, 340, 349, 382
  • Jews: Germany and World War II, 409, 415
    • Palestine, 414
    • Spain, 2
  • John Paul 11, Pope, 576
  • Johnson, Andrew, 197, 199
  • Johnson, Lyndon, 431, 509, 526, 601
    • blacks and civil rights, 456, 456, 459, 463, 464
    • Vietnam, 411, 475, 476, 481, 483–84, 500–01, 685
  • Johnson, U. Alexis, 475
  • Jones, James, 418
  • Jones, Mother Mary, 330, 338, 346, 354
  • Jordan, June, 600, 638
  • Josephson, Matthew, 259, 260
  • Julien, Claude, 545
  • Kahn, Herman, 441
  • Kaufman, Irving, 434
  • Kay, Marvin L. Michael, 63, 64–65
  • Keller, Helen, 341, 345–46, 503
  • Kemble, Fanny, 176–77
  • Kennan, George, 583, 592
  • Kennedy, Edward, 594
  • Kennedy, John F., 431–32, 437, 438, 441, 442, 526, 560
    • blacks and civil rights, 453, 456, 457, 458
    • Southeast Asia and Vietnam, 473, 474, 475–76
  • Kennedy, Robert, 454, 456
  • Kenya, 659, 678, 682
  • Kerry, John, 594
  • Khadafi, Muarnmar, 591
  • King, Martin Luther, Jr., 451–52, 461, 462, 485, 644
  • “King Philips War,” 16, 40
  • Kissinger, Henry, 9, 441, 484, 491, 498, 544, 548, 551, 552, 553–54, 556, 569
  • Kistiakowsky, George, 604
  • Kitt, Eartha, 487
  • Kleindienst, Richard, 544, 547, 548
  • Knights of Labor, 251, 267–68, 269, 273, 274, 279, 285, 289, 307
  • Knox, Henry, 81, 95, 126
  • Kolchin, Peter, 199
  • Kolko, Gabriel, 350, 413
  • Koning, Hans, 17–18
  • Korea/Korean war, 428, 429, 647, 652, 685
  • Kornbluh, Joyce, 332
  • Kovic, Ron, 496–97, 619, 621
  • Kozol, Jonathan, 539
  • Kristol, Irving, 435
  • Kropotkin, Peter, 271
  • Krushchev, Nikita, 592
  • Ku Klux Klan, 203, 382, 432, 452, 636
  • Kurds, 656
  • Kuwait, 594–96, 598, 622, 627, 653
  • labor: blacks, 199, 203, 208, 209, 241, 274, 328, 337–38, 381, 404–05, 415, 466, 467
    • children, 43, 44, 49, 221, 230–31, 266, 267, 324, 335, 346–47, 403
    • Colonial era, 23, 25, 27–28, 29, 30, 32, 37, 42–47, 50, 53, 55, 56, 57, 62, 80, 104–05
    • Constitution, support for, 99
    • convicts, 209, 275, 292
    • Depression and unemployment, 386–95
      passim
    • factories and mills, 10, 111, 115, 116–17, 216, 221, 228–31, 239, 241, 243–44, 253, 300, 324–27, 334–39
      passim
      , 346, 349, 381, 386, 387, 397
    • Fair Employment Practices Commission, 415
    • health and safety in working conditions, 230, 239, 241, 242, 246, 254, 255, 256, 278, 325, 326, 327, 338–39, 346
    • insurance and compensation, 349, 352–53
    • ILGWU, 326
    • immigrants, 49, 125, 216, 221, 225, 227–28, 230, 238, 244, 253, 254, 265–67, 307, 324
      see also
      individual ethnic groups
    • Independent Labor party, 272
    • Indians, 25, 29, 53
    • Knights of Labor, 251, 267–68, 269, 273, 274, 279, 285, 289, 306
    • minimum-wage (1938), 403
    • National Labor Relations Board, 401, 402, 574
    • 1980s and 1990s, 617
    • organization (unions, strikes): 19th century, 218–19, 221, 222, 223, 225–51
      passim
      , 260, 265, 267–83, 293, 310; 20th century, 324, 326, 330, 334–39
      passim
      , 346–47, 354, 377–82, 386, 392, 397, 399–402
      passim
      , 406, 407, 415, 416, 417–18, 575, 578, 668–74
    • socialism and, 244–45, 249, 268–73, 278, 281, 282, 307–08, 336, 339–40, 382, 385, 406, 547
    • Spanish American war and, 317
    • Wagner Act, 395, 401
    • women, 10, 32, 43, 44, 103, 104–05, 110, 111, 114–15, 123, 228–31, 234–35, 240–41, 253, 257, 267–68, 324–27
      passim
      , 336, 338–39, 347, 405–06, 504, 506–11
      passim
    • Workingmen's party, 244–45, 248–49
    • see also
      American Federation of Labor; Congress of Industrial Organizations; farming; Industrial Workers of the World; slavery
  • Lafeber, Walter, 301, 304
  • La Follette, Robert, 353
  • LaGuardia, Fiorello, 384, 385, 388, 684
  • LaMonte, Robert, 354
  • Land, Aubrey, 57
  • land: Bacon's Rebellion, 37, 39–42, 45, 54, 55, 59
    • blacks and post-Civil War problems, 197–98, 199
    • “eminent domain” favoring business, 239
    • Homestead Acts, 206, 238, 282
    • Indians, 13, 20, 86–88, 128
    • Indian Removal and treaties, 126–28, 295, 526, 529
    • private property, Colonial era, 13, 17, 47, 48, 49, 54, 84, 85; in Europe, 16, 27, 74; law's regard for, 260–62; as
    • qualification for voting, 49, 65, 83, 96, 214–16, 291; after Revolutionary War, 84, 85, 86–87, 99, 126; tenants and rebellions, 47, 62–65, 84, 85–86, 91–95, 98, 211, 212–14
    • Proclamation of 1763, 59, 71, 87
    • railroads acquisition of, 220, 238, 239, 283
    • territorial expansion, 9, 87–88, 111, 124, 685: Florida, 129; Louisiana Purchase, 126, 149; Mexico/Mexican war, 10, 149–69
      passim
      , 181, 297, 408, 411, 492; overseas, 297–300;
      see also
      Spanish-American war
    • see also
      farming
  • Laos, 472, 473, 481–83, 484, 556
  • las Casas, Bartolomé de, 5–7
  • Latin America, 53, 299, 408
    • Alliance for Progress, 438
    • Good Neighbor Policy, 439
    • Monroe Doctrine, 297, 408
    • Organization of American States, 440
    • slavery, 25, 32, 173
    • see also
      Indians, Central and South American
  • Latinos, 615–16
  • Lattimore, Owen, 432, 436
  • Lease, Mary Ellen, 288
  • Lebanon, 439, 586, 595
  • Lee, Richard, 42
  • Lee, Richard Henry, 81
  • Lee, Robert E., 185, 192, 195
  • Lehman, John, 597
  • Lehrmann, Leonard, 628
  • Leisler, Benjamin, 48
  • Lekachman, Robert, 571
  • Lemon, James T., 50
  • Lenin, V. I., 363
  • Leontief, Wassily, 577
  • lesbianism, 511
  • LeSeuer, Meridel, 406
  • Lester, Julius, 459–60
  • Levine, Lawrence, 179
  • Levy, Howard, 493
  • Levy, Leonard, 100
  • Lewinsky, Monica, 659
  • Lewis, John, 457
  • Lewis, John L., 399, 401
  • Lewis, Mollie, 405
  • Lewis, Sinclair, 383–84
  • Liddy, G. Gordon, 543
  • Lincoln, Abraham, 130, 153–54, 238, 631
    • slavery and Civil War, 171, 187–92
      passim
      , 194, 197, 233, 410
  • Lincoln, Benjamin, 94, 95
  • Lingg, Louis, 271
  • Link, Arthur, 364
  • Lloyd, Henry Demarest, 293, 294–95
  • Locke, John, 47, 73–74
  • Lockridge, Kenneth, 50
  • Lodge, Henry Cabot, 158–59, 299, 300, 301, 305, 351
  • Lodge, Henry Cabot, 11, 366, 444, 474–75, 499
  • Logan, Rayford, 347
  • Loguen, J. W., 181–82
  • London, Jack, 322, 365
  • Louisiana Purchase, 126, 149, 685
  • Lowell, James Russell, 155
  • Lowell, Robert, 487
  • Lowell (Mass.): textile mills, 10, 115, 116–17, 228–29, 230, 263, 397, 418
  • Ludlow Massacre, 355–57
  • Lusitania,
    362
  • Luther, Seth, 214, 224
  • Lynd, Alice, 406
  • Lynd, Helen, 383, 503
  • Lynd, Robert, 383, 503
  • Lynd, Staughton, 85, 99, 406, 486
  • MacArthur, Arthur, 316–17
  • MacArthur, Douglas, 391
  • McAlister, Elizabeth, 601
  • McCarthy, Joseph, 428, 431
  • McCone, John, 548
  • McCord, James, Jr., 542, 543
  • Macdonald, Dwight, 420
  • McFarlane, Robert, 587
  • McGovern, George, 545, 553
  • McKay, Claude, 444
  • McKinley, William, 295, 299, 303, 304, 305–06, 312–13, 314, 320
  • McKinnon, Cynthia, 621
  • McKissick, Floyd, 464
  • MacLeish, Archibald, 414
  • McLoughlin, William G., 83–84
  • MacMichael, David, 618
  • McNamara, Robert, 475–76, 484, 550
  • McNaughton, John, 481, 499
  • McPherson, James, 194
  • Macune, Charles, 287
  • McVeigh, Timothy, 646, 649
  • Madison, Dolly, 110
  • Madison, James, 33, 91, 96, 97–98, 132, 632
  • Mahan, A. T., 298, 300
  • Maier, Pauline, 67–68
  • Mailer, Norman, 418–19
  • Main, Jackson, 80, 98
  • Malcolm X, 457–58, 461
  • Manning, Robert, 560–61
  • Marcos, Ferdinand, 572
  • Markham, Edwin, 324
  • Marshall, George, 422, 438
  • Marshall, Thurgood, 574, 548–49
  • Marshall Plan, 438
  • Martin, Luther, 91
  • Martineau, Harriet, 113
  • Martinez, Elizabeth, 616
  • Marx, Karl, 12, 242, 243, 250, 258, 293
  • Maryland, Colonial era, 34, 35, 44, 46, 47, 50, 57, 68, 82, 83
  • Mason, John, 14–15
  • Massachusetts: Colonial era 13–17
    passim
    , 21, 47–54
    passim
    , 65–67, 69–70, 71, 72, 78, 83, 91–95
    • labor (19th century), 222–23, 228–33, 234, 236, 241, 243–44
    • reform movements, 115, 119, 120–21
    • see also
      Boston
  • Massachusetts Bay Colony, 13, 15–16, 47–48, 108–09
  • Mather, Cotton, 15
  • Matthews, Mary Musgrove, 109
  • Mattick, Paul, 395
  • Mayaguez incident, 551–54, 588
  • meatpacking industry, 253, 254, 308–09, 322, 330, 349
  • media censorship, 671–72
  • Mellon, Andrew, 384
  • Mellon, James, 255
  • Mencken, H. L., 647
  • Mexican immigrants, 648
  • Mexican war, 10, 152–69, 181, 408, 411, 492
  • Mexico, 11–12, 150, 357, 658, 685
  • Meyers, Marvin, 130
  • Middle East: oil interests, 413–14, 426, 439, 439, 549, 595
  • military forces: blacks, 10, 77, 82, 88, 191, 192, 193, 195–96, 203, 317, 318–20; segregation, 404, 415, 419, 449
    • G. W. Bush administration and, 678–82
    • Clinton administration and, 644, 651–57, 660–61, 663–67
    • Depression and Bonus Army, 391, 462
    • draft evasion: Civil War, 192; Revolutionary War, 75, 79; World War I and World War II, 418
    • draft registration, 605–06
    • foreign bases, 312; Cuba, 311, 312;
      see also
      Panama/Panama Canal
    • and Indians, 125, 127–32
      passim
      , 134, 135, 141–48
      passim
    • Indians and Revolutionary War, 77, 87, 125, 126
    • intervention overseas and expansion, 298, 300
    • naval impressment in Colonial era, 51, 52, 66, 67, 79
    • Reagan buildup, 577, 594–85
    • rearmament since World War II, 426, 428, 436, 437, 441, 644, 654, 664
    • share of national budget, 569–60
    • strikebreaking in early days, 235, 246–51
      passim
      , 269, 274, 276, 278
    • see also
      individual wars and conflicts

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