A People's History of the United States (111 page)

Read A People's History of the United States Online

Authors: Howard Zinn

  • Miller, Arthur, 487
  • Miller, Douglas, 216–17, 429
  • Miller, Samuel, 261
  • Miller, William 218, 219, 220, 323
  • Millis, Walter, 309
  • Mills, C. Wright, 438
  • Mills, Sid, 526–27
  • Milosevic, Slobodan, 660–61
  • Minear, Richard, 411
  • minerals and mining, 207, 242, 253, 306–07, 395
    • gold, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 12, 18, 134, 139
    • strikes, 235, 243–44, 275, 354–56
    • United Mine Workers, 307, 330, 354, 355
  • Mississippi, Indians in, 127, 128, 133, 138–39
  • Mitchell, John, 543, 544
  • Mitford, Jessica, 538
  • Mittelberger, Gottlieb, 43
  • Mohawk Indians, 86–87
  • Akwesasne Notes,
    527, 532, 534, 535–36
    • see also
      Iroquois
  • “Molly Maguires,” 243–44
  • Mondale, Walter, 611
  • Monroe, James, 97
  • Monroe Doctrine, 297, 408
  • Montezuma, 11, 12
  • Montgomery, David, 226
  • Mooney, Tom, 359
  • Moore, Ely, 227
  • Morgan, Edmund, 13, 25, 37–38, 56, 84
  • Morgan, J. P. (and companies), 207, 242, 246, 255–56, 257, 258, 305, 323, 350, 351, 362–63, 618
  • Morison, Samuel Eliot, 7–8, 17
  • Morris, Gouverneur, 81, 84
  • Morris, Richard, 44–45, 46, 50, 84, 308
  • Morris, Robert, 70, 80, 81
  • Morris, William, 271
  • Moses, Bob, 453
  • Mott, Lucretia, 122
  • Moundbuilders, 19
  • Moylan, Mary, 489–90
  • Muhammad Ali, 485
  • Mullen, Peg, 623
  • Mullin, Gerald, 33, 34, 36
  • Multiculturalism, 629
  • multinational corporations, 568–69
  • Mumford, Lewis, 383
  • Munsey, Frank, 353
  • Murrin, John, 84
  • Mussolini, Benito, 409
  • Muste, A. J., 420, 424
  • Myers, Gustavus, 238, 255–56
  • My Lai, 478–79, 667
  • Nader, Ralph, 676
  • Nagasaki, bombing of, 422, 423–24
  • Nardella, Luigi, 385
  • Nash, Gary B., 20, 21, 50, 54, 60, 61, 62
  • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 348–49, 382, 447, 464
  • National Civic Federation, 352–53, 354, 364
  • National Labor Relations Board, 401, 402, 574
  • National Labor Union, 240, 241–42
  • National Recovery Act (NRA), 392–93
  • National Resources Defense Council, 576
  • Native Americans see Indians, North American
  • Navajo Indians, 529
  • Navasky, Victor, 454
  • Neblett, Carver, 455
  • Nelson, Gaylord, 553
  • Netherlands: exploration and colonization, 23, 26, 48, 211
    • slave trade, 28, 29
  • New Deal, 392–93, 395, 397, 403–04, 414, 417, 425, 649, 650
  • New Jersey: Colonial era, 51–52, 62, 81
    • labor, 230, 247
  • New Mexico, 149, 164, 169
  • Newton, Huey, 461
  • Newton, John, 27–28
  • New York: Colonial era, 35–36, 37, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 68, 83, 110
    • Indians, 54, 86–87, 130;
      see also
      Iroquois; Mohawk Indians
    • landholding and tenants, 62, 63, 84, 85–86, 211, 212–14
  • New York City: Colonial era, 48–49, 50, 57, 60, 61–62, 67
    • blacks (1930s), 404
    • labor: 18th century, 50, 57, 99; 19th century, 117, 223, 224–25, 227–28, 234, 235, 240, 242–43, 251, 266, 267, 268, 270, 273, 278; 20th century, 324–27
    • poverty, 48–49, 60, 218, 240, 385, 647, 650
  • Niagara movement, 348, 349
  • Nicaragua, 298, 408, 567, 572, 585, 608
  • 9/11 terrorist attacks, 677–82
  • Nixon, E. D., 451
  • Nixon, Richard, 464, 526, 529, 575, 605, 633
    • Vietnam and Southeast Asia, 479, 483–84, 491, 497, 500, 501
    • see also
      Watergate
  • Noriega, Manuel, 593–94
  • Norris, Frank, 322
  • North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 658
  • North Carolina, 128, 200
    • Colonial era, 47, 50, 54, 63–65, 68, 71, 73, 82, 83
  • North, Oliver, 586, 587, 593
  • Novak, Robert, 498
  • Nowack, Marion, 429
  • nuclear energy, 566
    • armament and World War II, 9, 17, 422–24, 432, 434, 437, 441
    • protests against, 613, 667
  • Nunn, Sam, 587
  • Oakes, Richard, 528
  • Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA), 575
  • Offner, Arnold, 409
  • Oglethorpe, James, 109
  • O'Hare, Kate Richards, 342, 343, 372
  • oil, 253, 256–57, 301
    • Cuba, 439, 440
    • Middle East, 413–14, 426, 439, 439, 549
  • Oliver, Andrew, 61
  • Oliver, Peter, 78
  • Olney, Richard, 279
  • Open Door Policy, 298, 408, 410, 413
  • Operation Desert Storm, 594–97
  • Operation Urgent Fury, 588
  • Organization of American States, 440
  • Osceola Indians, 145, 146
  • O'Sullivan, John, 151
  • Otis, James, 57, 60, 61, 66
  • Ottley, Roi, 404
  • Page, Thomas Nelson, 208
  • Paine, Robert Treat, 168
  • Paine, Thomas, 62, 69, 70, 111
  • Pal, Radhabinod, 411
  • Palestine, 414
  • Panama/Panama Canal, 408
    • U.S. military invasion (1989), 593–94, 685
  • Pankhurst, Christabel, 512
  • Parker, Theodore, 156–57, 221
  • Parks, Rosa, 450–51
  • Parsons, Albert, 249, 268, 270, 271
  • Paterson, Matthew, 85
  • Patterson, Ben 290
  • Patton, George S., 391
  • peace dividend, 625
  • Pennsylvania: Colonial era, 57–58, 62, 70, 83
    • labor and strikes, 226, 230, 243–44, 247, 306
    • see also
      Philadelphia; Pittsburgh
  • Pentagon Papers,
    412, 461, 472, 473, 474, 476, 481, 488, 499, 500, 543, 566, 567
  • Peoples Party,
    see
    Populist party
  • Pequot Indians 14–15
  • Perkins, George W., 350, 351
  • Perot, Ross, 643
  • Peru, 12
  • Pessen, Edward, 218, 222
  • Philadelphia, 88, 254
    • Colonial era, 49–50, 60, 70, 80, 111
    • labor, 221, 226, 233, 266
    • poor, 49–50, 218, 221
  • Philippines, 300
    • U.S. and, 10, 312–20, 567
    • rebellions against 10, 313, 408, 429
  • Phillips, Kevin, 579–80, 582
  • Phillips, Ulrich, 34, 174–75, 176
  • Phillips, Wendell, 188, 189–90
  • Physicians for Social Responsibility, 603
  • Picasso, Pablo, 435
  • Pike, Douglas, 473
  • Pilgrims, 13, 21
  • “Pitcher, Molly,” 110
  • Pittsburgh: labor and strikes, 243–44, 246–48, 276–77, 294
  • Piven, Frances, 402, 457–58
  • Pizarro, 12, 17, 18
  • Plains Indians, 104
  • Plowshares Eight, 602
  • Poindexter, John, 587
  • Poland, 426, 592
  • “Political correctness,” 629
  • Polk, James, 150, 151–52, 158, 159, 411
  • Polk, Leonidas, 289, 290
  • Pollack, Norman, 293
  • Polo, Marco, 2
  • “Pontiac's Conspiracy,” 87
  • Popper, David, 554
  • Populist Party, 283, 286–95
    passim
    , 301
  • Portugal, 2, 26, 27, 29
  • Powell, Colin, 593, 652
  • Powderly, Terence, 269
  • Powhatan, 12, 13
  • Pratt, Julius, 302
  • President, election of, 96
  • Prison conditions and reform, 119, 121, 124, 514–24
    passim
    , 616, 646–47
    • convict labor, 209, 275, 292
  • Progressive period and reforms, 349–54
  • property,
    see
    land
  • Prosser, Gabriel, 171
  • Puerto Rico, 32, 312, 408
  • Puritans, 14, 15–16, 17, 40
  • railroads, 205, 206, 207, 218, 219, 220, 227, 238, 239, 259, 261, 323
    • Cuba, 310
    • land acquired by, 220, 238, 239, 283
    • regulation, 349, 351
    • safety, 246, 255, 256, 278
    • unions and strikes, 235, 245–51, 260, 269, 270, 278, 279–81
    • see also
      transportation
  • Ramusio, Giambattista, 26
  • Randolph, A. Philip, 404, 458, 464
  • Randolph, Edmund, 68
  • Rankin, Jeannette, 371–72
  • Rantoul, Robert, 218
  • Rather, Dan, 598
  • Rawick, George, 177–78, 193
  • Reagan, Ronald, 564, 573–74, 577, 578, 580, 581, 611, 633, 645, 661
    • arms race and, 604
    • bombing of Libya, 591
    • budget cutbacks, 609–10
    • Grenada invasion, 588–89, 685
    • intervention in Central America, 585–87, 605–08
  • Record, George L., 374
  • Redding, J. Saunders, 23
  • Reed, John, 373
  • Rehnquist, William, 574
  • religion: conflicts and controversies, 221, 226, 265
    • Constitutional guarantees, 83, 99
    • women, 108–09, 117, 118, 120
  • Remarque, Erich Maria, 360
  • Remini, Robert, 217
  • Reno, Janet, 645–46
  • Reston, James, 441, 442, 553
  • Revolutionary War, 50, 58–85, 492, 633
    • events leading to, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65–75
      passim
    • hostilities, 71, 85, 88
    • Indians, 77, 80, 87, 125, 126
  • Reynolds, Malvina, 537–38
  • Rhode Island: Colonial era, 14, 48, 54, 67, 91, 93
    • Dorr's Rebellion, 214–16
    • labor, 230, 235, 241, 397
  • Rich, Adrienne, 512–13
  • Robeson, Paul, 448
  • Robinson, John, 20–21
  • Robinson, Patricia, 465, 508–9
  • Rockefeller, David, 465, 560, 561, 565
  • Rockefeller, John D., 242, 255, 256, 257, 258, 262, 356
  • Rockefeller, Nelson, 521
  • Rockefeller, William, 305
  • Rockefeller family, 301, 323, 351, 354–56, 464–65, 570
  • Rogin, Michael, 125, 128, 134
  • Roosevelt, Franklin D., 409, 415, 439, 631, 643
    • Middle East, 413–14
    • New Deal, 392–93, 395, 397, 403, 403–04, 414, 417, 425, 441
    • World War II, 410, 411, 412, 415, 416, 420
  • Roosevelt, Mrs. Franklin D., 403
  • Roosevelt, James, 435
  • Roosevelt, Theodore, 208, 273, 297, 298, 300, 300, 301, 312, 341, 346, 347, 369
    • reform and big business, 349, 350, 351, 353
  • Root, Elihu, 273, 316, 351, 368
  • Romero, Archbishop Oscar, 590
  • Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel, 432–35
    passim
  • Rosengarten, Theodore, 397–98
  • Rositzke, Harry, 583
  • Rossi, Alice, 504
  • Rostow, Eugene V., 416
  • Ruffin, Josephine St. Pierre, 193
  • Rumania, 426
  • Rusk, Dean, 298, 366, 476, 499
  • Russett, Bruce, 410, 411
  • Russia, 598, 657,
    see also
    Soviet Union
  • Russian immigrants, 226, 265, 375, 382
  • Russo, Anthony, 470, 487, 488
  • Rwanda, 655
  • Ryan, Jack, 618
  • Ryan, Thomas Fortune, 305
  • Sacco and Vanzetti case, 376
  • Safe Water Drinking Act, 576
  • Sage, Russell, 207, 305
  • Salsedo, Andrea, 375–76
  • Sampson, Anthony, 413–14
  • Sanders, Bernie, 622
  • Sandinistas, 585, 593
  • Sandford, Mrs. John, 112
  • Sanger, Margaret, 343
  • Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez de, 166, 167–68
  • Sartre, Jean-Paul, 435
  • Sasway, Benjamin, 606
  • Saudi Arabia, 413–14, 623, 678, 681
  • Savak, 573
  • savings and loan scandal, 582–83
  • Schell, Jonathan, 477, 604
  • Schenck, Charles, 365–66
  • Schlesinger, Arthur, 130, 352, 441, 458
  • Schlesinger, James, 550, 552, 566, 619
  • “School of the Americas,” 569, 667
  • Schroeder, John, 152, 153, 158
  • Schutz, Carl, 301
  • Schwerner, Michael, 456
  • Scotch immigrants, 49
  • Scott, Dred, 187, 198
  • Scott, William, 78
  • Scott, Winfield, 10, 145, 147, 157, 166
  • Scottsboro Boys, 398, 444, 447
  • Seaton, Esta, 511
  • Seeger, Pete, 537
  • Seminole Indians, 127, 128, 129, 141, 143–46
  • Seminole War, 143–46
  • Senate, election of, 96, 349
  • Seneca Indians, 526;
    see also
    Iroquois
  • Seven Years' War (French and Indian War), 53, 59, 60, 61, 77, 87
  • Shah of Iran 572, 573
  • Shalom Stephen, 589, 591
  • Shattuci, Job, 92
  • Shaw, George Bernard, 271
  • Shaw, Irwin, 374
  • Shaw, Nate, 178–79, 397–98
  • Shays, Daniel, 93–94, 95
  • Shays' Rebellion, 91–95, 98
  • Sherman, William T., 197
  • Sherman Anti-Trust act, 259–60, 351
  • Sherwin, Martin 422, 423, 424
  • Shy, John, 77, 78, 79
  • Simon, William, 558
  • Sinclair, Upton, 322, 365
  • Sioux Indians, 104, 524
  • Slater, Samuel, 115
  • slavery/slave trade, 12, 28–29, 30–31
    • abolitionists, 117, 120, 121, 122, 124, 155, 181–90
      passim
    • African states, 27–28
    • Colonial era, 23, 27–38
      passim
      , 43, 46, 49, 50, 53–58
      passim
      , 72, 103, 105–06; rebellions, 32–38
      passim
      , 53, 54, 55, 56, 59, 72
    • Constitution, 13th Amendment, 192, 198, 204
    • Declaration of Independence 72–73
    • Dutch, 28, 29
    • 18th century, 33, 58, 88, 89, 91, 98
    • English, 28, 29
    • French, 28
    • Indians, 3–7
      passim
      , 32
    • 19th century, 171–94; Fugitive Slave Act, 181, 186, 188; rebellions and conspiracies, 171, 174, 175, 183
      passim
      , 194;
      see also
      Civil War
    • Portuguese, 25, 29
    • Spanish, 3–7
      passim
      , 25, 32
  • Smith, Abbot, 43, 45, 46–47, 53

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