B00BY4HXME EBOK (44 page)

land speculation,
240

per capita GDP,
70
,
109
,
112

prosperity,
xiii
,
43
,
103
–05,
109
–10,
112
–15

salaries,
98

education

college,
37
,
42
,
66

and ideological indoctrination,
59
–61,
66

investment by newly rich,
93

post-unification,
246

primary,
66

secondary,
64

Egypt,
21

electronics.
See
consumer goods

employment

advancement opportunities,
113

during economic collapse,
26
,
77
,
83
–85

grain rations linked to,
35

handicrafts,
7
,
83

opportunities for women,
24
–26,
37
,
83
–84,
123

salaries,
89
–90,
120
,
124
–26,
183

state enterprises,
26
,
36
–37,
69
–70,
72
–73,
77
,
83
,
122

state farms,
36
–37,
77
–78,
83

Trade Union organization,
40

See also
agriculture; markets; private enterprise

Engels, Friedrich,
50

ethnic Koreans

in China,
63
,
94
–95,
102
–03,
123
,
181

in Japan,
23
–24,
48

returnees,
24
,
48
,
63
–64,
94
–95

family responsibility principle,
47
–48,
91

famines

Chinese,
17
,
79
–80

Great North Korean,
xiii
,
26
,
64
,
79
–80,
88
–89,
121
,
152
–53,
238

predictions of future,
188

Soviet Union,
9

farming.
See
agriculture

Federation of Korean Industries,
235
–36

Finland,
21

food supply

humanitarian aid,
121
,
138
,
152
–53,
154

imports from China,
87

malnourishment,
121
,
189

rationing,
34
–35,
36
,
79
,
121
–22

See also
agriculture; famines; grain; public distribution system (PDS)

foreign aid

from China,
19
–20,
73
–74,
75
,
76
,
152
,
154
,
156
,
176
,
184
–85,
211

dependence on,
xii
,
117
,
145
,
150
,
211

fertilizer,
77
,
165

food and humanitarian aid,
121
,
138
,
152
–53,
154

fuel oil,
151

international loans,
20

from Japan,
24
,
69
,
151
,
152
,
164

Korean Energy Development Organization,
151
–52,
154
,
172

monitoring,
152
–53

nuclear program as leverage for,
147
,
149
–57,
209
–10

from South Korea,
151
,
152
,
154
,
156
,
164
–65,
172
,
174
–75

from Soviet Union,
xiii
,
19
–20,
73
–74,
75
,
76
,
77

Sunshine Policy,
163
–65,
172
,
173
,
221

termination of Soviet,
xiii
,
74
,
76
,
77

from United States,
151
–52,
155
,
157
,
164
,
172

“Vision 3000” plan,
174
–75

without conditions,
145
,
150
,
151
–52,
209
,
211

foreign currency earning enterprise (FCEE),
87
–88

foreign policy.
See
North Korean diplomacy

Foster-Carter, Aidan,
105
,
164
,
219

Frank, Rudiger,
240

Gabroussenko, Tatiana,
80
,
105

Gaddafi, Muammar,
149
,
210

Gates, Robert,
255

gender equality,
24
–26

See also
women

Gender Equality Law,
25

Ghana,
149
–50

Gomi, Yoji,
116

Goodkind, Daniel,
79

Gorbachev, Mikhail,
75
,
193
,
218

grain

amounts needed to feed populace,
78

during currency reform,
129
,
130

price fluctuations,
120
,
121
–22,
125
,
128

private trade in,
122

rationing,
34
–35,
121
–22,
124
,
125

See also
agriculture; public distribution system (PDS)

Great Leap Forward,
17
,
73
,
79
–80

Great North Korean Famine,
xiii
,
26
,
64
,
79
–80,
88
–89,
121
,
152
–53,
238

Great Purge,
12
–15,
26
,
27
,
52

H
ŏ
, H
ŏ
n,
26
,
14

H
ŏ
, Ka-i,
13

Hamh
ŭ
ng chemical plant,
69

Han, T
ŏ
k-su,
48

Havel, Vaclav,
228

Hawk, David,
47

health care,
64
–66

Hecker, Siegfried,
155
,
179
,
253

hereditary groups,
41
–42

Ho, Ch
ŏ
ng-suk,
26

Ho, Chi Minh,
5
,
110

Ho, Chin,
22

housing,
37
,
143
–44

See also
infrastructure

Hungary,
199
,
229

Huntley, Wade,
208

Hussein, Saddam,
149

Hyundai Group,
165
–66,
177

Im, Su-gyong,
222
–25

industrial parks

Kaes
ŏ
ng Industrial Zone,
165
,
167
–70,
175
,
176
,
219
–20

proposal for second,
173
,
221

industries

nationalization of,
7

restaurant,
85
,
91
–92,
93

retail,
85

state enterprises,
26
,
36
–37,
69
–70,
72
–73,
77
–78,
83
,
122

transportation,
85
–86

wholesalers,
84
–85

See also
economy of North Korea; industrial parks; markets

infrastructure

deterioration,
77
,
78

electricity,
69
,
77
,
78

housing,
37
,
143
–44

and Korean War,
69

roads,
77

transportation,
77
,
85
–86

inminban system,
38
–39,
40
,
43
,
45

Institute for National Security Strategy,
236

Iran,
147

Iraq,
149
,
204
,
209

isolationism.
See
Communism; daily life of citizens

Israel,
204

Japan

abductions by N.K.,
22
–23,
152

Chongryon (Chosen Soren),
23
,
24

ethnic Koreans in,
23
–24,
48

foreign aid to N.K.,
24
,
69
,
151
,
152
,
164

invasion of Manchuria,
3
,
5
,
14

as ruler of Korea,
3
,
52

and World War II,
3
–4

Johnson, Peter,
79

Joint Enterprise Law of 1984,
111

joint North-South enterprises

political advantages of,
219
–21

See also
Kaes
ŏ
ng city tours; Kaes
ŏ
ng Industrial Zone (KIZ); K
ŭ
mgang Mountain tourist zone

Juche Idea,
29
,
57
,
59
,
67
–68,
111
,
143

See also
unification

Kaes
ŏ
ng city tours,
165
,
167
,
175

Kaes
ŏ
ng Industrial Zone (KIZ),
165
,
167
–70,
175
,
176
,
219
–20

Kalugin, Oleg,
218

Kang, Ch’
ŏ
l-hwan,
47
–48

Kang, Hyong-kwon,
34

KBS Radio,
226

Kelly, James,
153

Khrushchev, Nikita,
18

Kim, Ch’aek,
14

Kim, Dae Jung

inter-Korean summit,
164

Nobel Peace Prize,
164

as president of South Korea,
162
–63,
164

Sunshine Policy,
163

Kim family regime.
See
North Korean leadership (Kim family regime)

Kim, Hy
ŏ
ng-jik,
52
,
100

Kim, Il Sung

appearance,
4

birth,
4
,
53

children,
32
,
51
,
54

death,
76

as dictator,
13

education,
5

family background,
4
–5

installation by Soviet military,
4
,
6
–7

Juche ideology,
67
–68

and Korean War,
11
–12

military career,
1
–2,
3
,
4
,
5

naming of successor,
68

nationalism,
6

personality cult,
50
–52

portraits and iconography,
32
–34,
51

views of Communism,
5
–6

wives,
26
,
32
,
51
,
54
,
140

See also
North Korea (Kim Il Sung era)

Kim, Jong Il

children,
55

and currency reform,
126
,
128
–29

death,
55
,
135
–36

inter-Korean summit,
164

media reports,
100

mother,
32
,
51
,
54
,
68

personality,
69

personality cult,
51
,
52

portraits and iconography,
32
,
33
,
34
,
51
,
52

relationship with Bush,
154

successor to,
55
–56,
132
–35,
136
–37

as successor to Kim Il Sung,
1
,
26
,
54
,
68
–69,
138

travel,
179

wives and girlfriends,
54
–55,
69
,
140

See also
North Korea (Kim Jong Il era)

Kim, Jong Nam,
55
,
116
–17,
132
–33,
135

Kim, Jong Suk (Ch
ŏ
ng-suk)

death,
54

iconography,
32
,
33
,
51
,
52

marriage to Kim Il Sung,
54
,
140

as mother of Kim Jong Il,
32
,
51
,
54
,
68

personality cult,
140

Kim, Jong Un

advisors,
191
–92

appearance,
xiv
,
134
,
137

education,
133

iconography,
32

interest in pop culture,
139
–40,
141

interest in reform,
xiv
,
141
–42,
258

personality cult,
52
,
138

promotion to general,
134

as successor to Kim Jong Il,
26
,
51
,
55
,
133
–35,
136
–42,
252

wife,
56
,
140
,
141

See also
North Korea (Kim Jong Un succession)

Kim, Ky
ŏ
ng-h
ŭ
i,
26
,
55
,
134
,
135
,
137