Authors: Andrei Lankov
North Korean justification for,
149
proliferation threat,
147
“second nuclear crisis,”
153
–55,
164
six-party talks,
155
,
157
,
200
,
255
–56
South Korean response to,
177
“three no’s” approach,
253
–55
UN Security Council response,
156
,
176
U.S. response to,
146
–47,
148
,
177
,
179
,
203
–04,
252
–55
Obama, Barack,
175
opening to outside world
digital technologies,
217
,
227
–28
DVDs,
103
,
130
,
189
,
190
,
216
,
225
,
227
exchange programs,
216
,
217
–19,
225
and Im-Su-gyong’s visit,
222
–25
leaflets,
226
–27
role in speeding change,
216
,
258
–60
role of North Korean refugees,
230
–31
“second society,”
228
–30
See also
daily life of citizens
organizational life,
39
–41,
45
,
122
outside world.
See
daily life of citizens; opening to outside world
Pak, Il-u,
14
Pakistan,
147
Pak, Keong-Suk,
79
Pak, Nam-gi,
131
Party Youth,
40
People’s Daily
(Peking newspaper),
44
Poland
Communist collapse,
229
democracy movement,
226
N.K. ambassador to,
54
political persecution
of Christians,
7
–8
during Kim Il Sung’s regime,
45
–49,
91
during Kim Jong Il’s regime,
89
,
90
–91
family responsibility principle,
47
–48,
91
police informers,
49
secretiveness of,
46
–47
Pol Pot,
16
Pravda
(Moscow newspaper),
18
,
44
prison camps
during Kim Il Sung’s regime,
xiii
,
6
,
45
–49
family responsibility principle,
47
–48,
91
zones in,
48
–49
private enterprise
as capitalism “from below,”
82
–88,
119
,
120
,
189
elimination of,
34
–35
money dealers,
87
and new rich,
92
–93
transportation,
85
–86
wholesalers,
84
–85
See also
markets
propaganda
anti-South Korean,
56
,
58
–59,
60
–61
See also
North Korea (Kim Il Sung era); North Korea (Kim Jong Il era)
property rights
and Land Reform Law,
6
,
7
,
240
–41
of women,
25
public distribution system (PDS)
advantages of,
124
–25
collapse of,
78
–79,
88
–89,
108
,
125
creation of,
35
and currency reform,
129
food prices under,
120
,
121
–22,
125
Pueblo
seizure,
30
–31
Pugachev
(ship),
1
purges of 1950s.
See
Great Purge
Pyongyang, N.K.
as capital of North Korea,
xi
,
9
and currency reform,
129
–30
fiction of “one Korea,”
95
grain rationing,
35
housing,
143
–44
and Korean War,
142
–43
Mansu Hill statue,
33
–34,
48
,
51
,
143
March 1st Uprising of 1919,
52
money transfers from Japan,
24
new rich in,
91
–92
riots,
107
–08
as Soviet headquarters,
2
Radio Free Asia,
226
Radio Free Europe,
226
radios
in North Korea,
39
,
43
–44,
89
,
217
,
225
,
226
opening of N.K. through,
190
,
225
,
226
and Polish democracy movement,
226
in post-Stalinist Russia,
43
–44
Rajin-Sonbong Special Economic Zone,
111
Republic of Korea (ROK).
See
South Korea (ROK)
restaurant industry,
85
,
91
–92,
93
,
189
retail industry,
85
Revolutionary Party of Unification,
29
rice.
See
grain; public distribution system (PDS)
Rim, Hwawon,
80
–82
riots
Chongjin,
123
Pyongyang,
107
–08
Rodong Shinmun
(newspaper),
18
,
99
–102
Roehrig, Terence,
111
Romania,
194
Russia, Maritime Provinces,
181
Ryugyong Hotel,
144
salaries.
See
employment
Sartre, Jean-Paul,
17
Scandinavia,
20
–21
Schulte, Gregory,
146
“Second Korean War,”
28
–29
Seoul National University,
161
,
246
Seoul, S.K
fiction of “one Korea,”
95
as North Korean capital,
9
post-war,
3
proximity to DMZ,
205
as South Korea capital,
9
“7.1 measures” (July
1
measures),
111
,
119
–20
Shtykov, Terentii,
7
Sintsova, Katya (fictional character),
80
–82
Sinuiju, N.K.,
171
–72
Six-Party talks,
155
,
157
,
200
,
255
–56
Smith, Jeffrey,
151
smuggling
Somalia,
196
–97
Song, Du-yul,
30
Song, Hye-rim,
55
South Africa,
250
South Korea (ROK)
April Revolution,
27
as developmental dictatorship,
109
–10
diplomatic relations with U.S.,
157
,
158
employment,
98
foreign aid to N.K.,
151
,
152
,
154
,
156
,
164
–65,
172
,
174
–75
generational shift (“386 generation”),
158
–62,
163
,
174
kidnappings by N.K.,
22
Kim Dae Jung administration,
162
–63,
164
,
174
Korean War.
See
Korean War
Lee Myung Bak administration,
173
–74,
175
,
176
Leftists,
8
,
29
–30,
105
–06,
159
–60,
162
–63,
174
mass opposition movements,
27
North Korean propaganda,
56
,
58
–59,
60
–61
North Korean refugees,
7
–8,
95
–99,
102
–03,
230
–31
nuclear weapons program,
147
–48,
182
post-WWII Communist movement,
3
prosperity,
43
,
103
–05,
109
–10,
112
,
158
,
214
,
215
Pyongyang as early capital,
9
reforestation program,
28
remittances to North Korea,
97
Right-leaning politics,
8
,
158
,
162
,
173
,
174
,
221
Roh Moo Hyun administration,
163
,
173
,
174
,
221
sinking of
Cheonan
,
179
Sunshine Policy,
163
–65,
172
,
173
,
221
Syngman Rhee regime,
8
,
10
,
27
,
63
territory dispute with China,
181
,
201
trade with China,
182
“Vision 3000” plan,
174
–75
welfare system,
97
See also
economy of South Korea; Seoul, S.K.; unification
See also
Vietnam War
Soviet Union
agitprop,
214
collapse of,
75
,
114
,
149
,
213
–14,
241
currency reform of 1947,
126
domestic travel,
38
during World War II,
3
–4
economy,
76
facade of success in 1950s,
9
famine in 1930s,
9
foreign aid for North Korea,
xiii
,
19
–20,
73
–74,
75
,
76
,
77
gender equality,
24
–25
and Korean War,
11
–12
and Mikhail Gorbachev,
75
,
193
,
218
Non-Proliferation Treaty with North Korea,
148
,
151
,
154
,
181
nuclear weapons program,
10
,
147
,
148
Politburo,
7
radios,
43
–44
relations with United States,
75
,
76
“second society” in,
228
–29
takeover of North Korea,
2
–3
See also
North Korea (Kim Il Sung era/1948-1994)
special economic zones (SEZ),
170
–72
See also
Soviet Union
state enterprise.
See
employment
Straub, David,
184
Sunshine Policy,
163
–65,
172
,
173
,
221
Sweden,
21
Syria,
147
Taedong River,
143
Thailand,
95
trade