Decoding the IRA (57 page)

58
An Timthire to Mr Smith, 20 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (48–51).

59
Hanley,
The IRA: 1926–1936
, p. 164.

60
McGee,
The IRB
, p. 119.

61
Lee, J. and Casey, M.,
Making the Irish American
(New York University Press, New York, 2006), p. 468.

62
An Timthire to [no name], 18 May 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (38–40).

63
An Timthire to Mr Smith, 20 April 1927 in P69/183 (48–51).

64
Unsigned to Mr Browne, 2 December 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (165).

65
The Advocate
, 15 January 1927.

66
An Timthire to [no name], 1 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (129–31);
The
Advocate
, 15 January 1927.

67
MD [
sic
] to Mr Brown, 15 January 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (132–3).

68
Chairman to An Timthire, 3 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (123–5).

69
An Timthire to [no name], 28 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (98–9).

70
An Timthire to [no name], 18 March 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (80).

71
An Timthire to [no name], 28 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (98–9).

72
Neenan to Twomey, 1933, in MTUCDA P69/185 (51).

73
Irish Times
, 1 May 1926.

74
JB to Mr Browne, 25 October 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (180).

75
JB to Mr Browne, 8 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (178–9).

76
MD to Mr Brown, 15 January 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (132–3).

77
An Timthire to [no name], 1 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (129–31).

78
Ibid
.

79
An Timthire to [no name], 28 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (98–9).

80
Ibid
. An Timthire to [no name], 18 March 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (80).

81
An Timthire to [no name], 1 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (129–31); CS to OC Kerry 1 Bde, 25 February 1924 [1927], in MTUCDA P69/48 (295).

82
An Timthire to [no name], 1 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (129–31).

83
The Advocate
, 2 April 1927.

84
An Timthire to [no name], 11 March 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (84–5).

85
An Timthire to [no name], 18 March 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (80).

86
Ibid
.

87
An Timthire to [no name], 28 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (98–9).

88
Chairman to An Timthire, 3 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (123–5).

89
An Timthire to [no name], 28 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (98–9).

90
Chairman to An Timthire, 29 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (58–9).

91
Terrace
Talk Ireland
website, ‘Kerry's First American Tour of 1927', reviewed 30 Aug. 2006.

92
An Timthire to [no name], 1 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (129–31).

93
An Timthire to [no name], 28 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (98–9).

94
An Timthire to ]no name], 18 May 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (38-40).

95
Chairman to An Timthire, 8 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (74–5).

96
Chairman to An Timthire, 29 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (58–9).

97
CS to ‘A Chara', 6 May 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (63).

98
An Timthire to [no name], 1 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (129–31).

99
The Advocate
, 2 April 1927.

100
Information on the 1927 tour. Terrace
Talk Ireland
website, ‘Kerry's First American Tour of 1927', reviewed 30 August 2006.
New York Times
, 30 May 1927, 5 July 1927 and 18 July 1927.
Irish World
, 17 July 1927 and 23 July 1927; An Timthire to [no name], 18 May 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (38–40).

101
Coogan,
The IRA
, p. 73.

102
Twomey to Neenan, 1933, in MTUCDA P69/185 (24). Neenan to Twomey, 1933, in MTUCDA P69/185 (51). MacEoin, U.,
The IRA in the Twilight Years, 1923–1948
(Argenta Publications, Dublin, 1997), p. 238.

103
Amos, F. and West, C.,
Chemical Warfare
(McGraw Hill, New York, 1921), pp. 18, 19, 22, 80, 150, 163, 168, 175, 176, 380.

104
Ibid
., pp. 15, 137, 143, 390, 137.

105
Swearengen, T.,
Tear Gas Munitions
(Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, 1966), pp. 4, 5, 12, 20, 22, 23, 53, 103–11.

106
Borgonovo, J.,
Florence and Josephine O'Donoghue's War of Independence
(Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 2006), pp. 102–3, 109.

107
McMahon, P., ‘British intelligence and the Anglo-Irish truce, 1921',
Irish Historical Studies
, Vol. XXXV, No. 140 (November 2007), pp. 519–40.

108
CS to Military Attache, 15 April 1925, in MTUCDA P69/37 (221–3).

109
JB to Mr Browne, 8 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (178–9); HS to CS, 10 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69/41 (28).

110
Act. CS to HS, 13 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69/41 (20); [No name] to Mr Jones, 10 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (173–4).

111
JB to Mr Brown [in this case the letter is for Cooney and not Twomey], 26 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (168–9).

112
No name to Mr Browne (this letter is in reply to letters from Cooney, and was most likely read by both Cooney and Twomey), 26 December 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (156).

113
Kramer A.
Dynamic of Destruction
, p. 54

114
Chairman to Mr Jones, 3 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (116–18).

115
Jones to Browne, 28 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (102–4).

116
[No name] to Mr Jones, 18 March 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (82–3).

117
Chairman to Mr Jones, 29 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (66).

118
Chairman to An Timthire, 18 March 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (77–8); [No name] to Mr Jones, 18 March 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (82–3); chairman to An Timthire, 8 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (74–5). There's a reference in cipher in this last document to ‘mace and billys' and also in an unencrypted document P69/48 (340), 7 February 1924 [1927]. This could not be referring to the trade name ‘Mace' for CN gas which was developed in 1962 , but might be a reference to the billy or truncheon as a ‘mace'. As the phrase is both in cipher and plain text, it verifies the accuracy of the decryption; in P69/183 (80) Twomey mentions a ‘Dan Byrne' and, as discussed in Chapter 11, this is most likely another name for ‘Mr Jones'.

119
[No name] to Mr Jones, 18 March 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (82–3).

120
Jones to Mr Smith, 8 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (68).

121
Jones to Browne, 28 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (102–4).

122
Hu, H.
et al
., ‘Tear Gas – Harassing Agent or Toxic Chemical Weapon?'
Journal of the
American Medical Association
, Vol. 262, No. 5 (4 August 1989).

123
Swearengen,
Tear Gas Munitions
, p.105. Hu,
et al
., ‘Tear Gas – Harassing Agent or Toxic Chemical Weapon?'

124
‘Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare', US Department of State website, reviewed 2 February 2008; ‘High contracting Parties to the Geneva Protocol', Stockholm International Peace Research Institute website (
www.sipri.
org
), reviewed 2 February 2008.

125
Durney, J.,
The Mob: The History of Irish Gangsters in America.

126
Bayor, R. and Meagher, T.,
The New York Irish
, p. 366.

127
Ibid
., p. 370.

128
MA to QMG, 21 November 1924, in MTUCDA P69/37 (226); MA to QMG, 16 February 1925, in MTUCDA P69/37 (227–8).

129
MA to QMG, 21 November 1924, in MTUCDA P69/37 (226).

130
Ibid
.

131
MA to QMG, 16 February 1925, in MTUCDA P69/37 (227–8).

132
AG to QMG, 17 Nov. 1924, in MTUCDA P69/138 (12–13).

133
CS to OC Cork 1, 26 April 1926, in MTUCDA P69/44 (95).

134
Note, unsigned and unaddressed, no date. Stamped: IRA 23 Aug. 1927, in MTUCDA P69/196 (104).

135
Hart, P.,
The IRA at War 1916–1923
, p. 183.

136
Ibid
., p. 184–91.

137
Ibid
., p. 189.

138
MA to QMG, 16 February 1925, in MTUCDA P69/37 (227–8).

139
Jones to Mr Browne, 28 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (102–4).

140
Coogan, T. P.,
The IRA: A History
(Roberts Rinehart Publishers, Niwot, Colorado, 1993), p. 73.

141
Hart,
The IRA at War
, pp. 190–1.

142
Ibid
., pp. 189–91.

143
An Timthire to [no name], 21 December 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (159–60).
Irish Times
, 9 November 1926.

144
An Timthire to [no name], 21 December 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (159–60).

145
An Timthire to [no name], 28 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (98–9); Chairman to An Timthire, 3 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (123–5).

146
Chairman to An Timthire, 2 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (123–5).

147
In cipher both Twomey and Neenan spelled the ships name as the
Victor Emanuel
, leaving out the second ‘n'; chairman to An Timthire, 9 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (111–12).

148
An Timthire to Mr Smith, 20 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (48–51).

149
Irish Times
, 1 May 1926.

150
Hanley, ‘Irish Republicans in interwar New York', p. 3.

151
New York Times
, 17 January 1926.

152
Minutes of meeting of Army Executive, 27 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/48 (104–5).

153
New York Times
, 17 January 1926.

154
Coogan,
The IRA
, pp. 80–1.

155
Tarpey,
The Role of Joseph McGarrity
, p. 232.

156
Cronin, S.,
The McGarrity Papers
(Anvil Books, Tralee, 1972), p. 144.

157
JB to Mr Browne, 8 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (178–9).

158
JB to Mr Brown, 5 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (168–9).

159
Chairman to An Timthire, 9 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (111–12).

160
An Timthire to [no name], 1 February 1927 in P79/183 (129–31).

161
Chairman to An Timthire, 2 March 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (88–9).

162
Report of the foreign relations committee, no date, in MTUCDA P69/183 (136).

163
Chairman to An Timthire, 2 March 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (88–9); chairman to An Timthire, 11 May 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (41–3).

164
An Timthire to [no name], 1 February 1927 in P69/183 (129–31).

165
Tarpey,
The Role of Joseph McGarrity
, pp. 224–5.

166
Chairman to An Timthire, 24 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (106–7).

167
Chairman to An Timthire, 2 March 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (88–9).

168
MD to Mr Brown, 15 January 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (132–3).

169
Letter of introduction from Cardinal Dougherty, 13 December 1926 in McGarrity papers, MS 17553 NLI.

170
An Timthire to [no name], 28 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (98–9).

171
An Timthire to Mr Smith, 20 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (48–51).

172
An Timthire to [no name], 18 May 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (38–40).

173
An Timthire to Mr Smith, 20 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (48–51).

174
Ibid
.

175
Ibid
.

176
An Timthire to [no name], 18 May 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (38–40).

177
An Timthire to Mr Smith, 20 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (48–51).

178
An Timthire to [no name], 18 May 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (38–40).

179
Chairman to An Timthire, 9 February 1927 in P69/183 (111–12).

180
An Timthire to Mr Smith, 20 April 1927 in P69/183 (48–51).

181
Hanley, ‘Irish Republicans in interwar New York', pp. 4–5.

182
An Timthire to [no name], 1 February 1927 in P69/183 (129–31).

183
Chairman to An Timthire, 2 March 1927 in P69/183 (88–9).

184
Doorley,
Irish-American Diaspora Nationalism
, pp. 34, 64, 89.

185
An Timthire to [no name], 28 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (98–9);
New York Times
, 24 February 1927.

186
Tarpey,
The Role of Joseph McGarrity
, pp. 305–6.

187
Doorley,
Irish-American Diaspora Nationalism
, p. 193.

188
Tarpey,
The Role of Joseph McGarrity
, p. 200.

189
Ibid
., pp. 210–11.

190
Ibid
., pp. 218.

191
Ibid
., p. 231.

192
MA to QMG, 9 January 1925, in MTUCDA P 69/37 (225); the currency for the amount of 25,000 is not given, but is more likely to be US dollars than £ sterling.

193
MA to MD, 21 January 1925, in MTUCDA P69/37 (229–30); MA to QMG, 9 January 1925, in MTUCDA P 69/37 (225).