Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism (154 page)

6
    See Young,
An Infantile Disorder
, op. cit., p. 136. Apter also adds unreason, spontaneous violence, and irresponsibility but these are not characteristically anarchist tendencies. Apter, ‘The Old Anarchism and the New’,
Anarchism Today
, op. cit., p. 1

7
    Jerry Rubin,
Do It!
Quoted in De Leon,
The American as Anarchist
, op. cit., p. 85

8
    Oglesby, quoted in Goodman, Introduction,
The Movement towards a New America
, op. cit.

9
    Theodore Roszzk,
Where the Wasteland Ends
(Faber & Faber, 1973), pp. 424, 431–2

10
  See Keith Melville, ‘The Anarchist Response’,
Communes in the Counter-Culture
(New York: Morrow, 1972), pp. 114–33; Judson Jerome,
Families of Eden: Communes and the New Anarchism
(New York: Seabury, 1974), pp. 231–51; and L. Veysey,
The Communal Experience: Anarchist and Mystical Counter-Cultures in America
(New York: Harper & Row, 1973)

11
  See Michael Lerner, ‘Anarchism and the American-Counter-Culture’,
Anarchism Today
, op. cit., p. 52

12
  Rudi Dutschke, ‘On Anti-authoritarianism’,
The New Left Reader
, op. cit., p. 246

13
  Eric Hobsbawm,
The Black Dwarf
(1 June 1968)

14
  See Jean Maitron, ‘Anarchisme’,
Le Mouvement Social
, 69 (October - December 1969)

15
  Guérin,
Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 158. See also his interview in
Le Fait Public
(6 May 1969) where he describes the dominant ideology as a form of ‘libertarian Marxism’.

16
  Tom Nairn in Angelo Quattrochi and Tom Nairn,
The Beginning of the End
(Panther, 1968). See also David Caute,
Sixty Eight: The Year of the Barricades
(Hamish Hamilton, 1988)

17
  See Richard Gombin, ‘The Ideology and Practice of Contestation seen
through Recent Events in France’,
Anarchism Today
, op. cit., p. 14

18
  
Appeal
, issued by the assembly of the Sorbonne (13–14 June 1968). Theses 1, 7, 6, 24, quoted in Quattrochi and Nairn,
The Beginning of the End
, op. cit.

19
  Ibid., pp. 36, 79

20
  See Murray Bookchin, ‘May - June Events in France: I’,
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
(Wildwood House, 1974), p. 254

21
  Daniel Cohn-Bendit and Gabriel Cohn-Bendit,
Obsolete Communism: The Left Wing Alternative
, trans. Arnold Pomerans (Deutsch, 1968), p. 250. The original French title
Le Gauchisme, remète à la maladie sénile du communisme
makes ironic play with Lenin’s attack on anarchism in his
‘Left-Wing’ Communism, An Infantile Disorder
(1920)

22
  Ibid., p. 254

23
  See Mark Shipway, ‘Situationism’,
Non-Market Socialism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
, ed. Maximilien Rubel and John Crump (Macmillan, 1987), p. 152. See also Peter Wollen, ‘The Situationist International’,
New Left Review
, 174 (March - April, 1989); Home,
The Assault on Culture
, op. cit., ch. v, vi; and Marcus,
Lipstick Traces
, op. cit.

24
  Guy Debord,
The Society of the Spectacle
(Detroit: Black and Red, 1977), thesis 31

25
  Raoul Vaneigem,
The Revolution of Everyday Life
(1967) (Rebel Press, 1983), p. 38

26
  Ibid., p. 8. See also Vaneigem’s
The Book of Pleasure
(Pending Press, 1983)

27
  ‘The Beginning of an Era’ (September 1969), in K. Knabb,
Situationist International Anthology
(Berkeley: Bureau of Public Secrets, 1981), p. 253

28
  Vaneigem,
The Revolution of Everyday Life
, op. cit., p. 211

29
  Debord,
The Society of the Spectacle
, op. cit.

30
  
Provo
, 1 and 2, quoted by Rudolf de Jong, ‘Provos and Kabouters’,
Anarchism Today
, op. cit., p. 173

31
  See Roel Van Duyn, ‘Kropotkin: A Universal Specialist’,
Message of a Wise Kabouter
(1969) (Duckworth, 1972), ch. i

32
  Ibid., p. 48

33
  ‘Proclamation of the Orange Free State’,
The Essential Works of Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 574

34
  See Marsh,
Anarchist Women
, op. cit., pp. 173–4

35
  See Marsha Hewitt, ‘Emma Goldman: The Case for Anarcho-Feminism’,
The Anarchist Papers
, ed. Dimitrious I. Roussopoulus (Montréal: Black Rose, 1986), p. 170

36
  ‘Blood of the Flower: An Anarchist-Feminist Statement’
Siren - A Journal of Anarcho-Feminism
, I, 1 (1971)

37
  ‘Who We Are: An Anarcho-Feminist Manifesto’, ibid.

38
  See Penny Kornegger, ‘Anarchism: the feminist connection’,
Reinventing Anarchy
, op. cit., p. 240

39
  Carol Ehrlich, ‘Socialism, anarchism, feminism’,
Reinventing Anarchy
, op. cit., p. 265

40
  Kornegger, ‘Anarchism: the feminist connection’, ibid., p. 240

41
  Lynne Farrow, ‘Feminism as Anarchism’,
Quiet Rumours: An Anarcha-Feminist Anthology
(Dark Star, n.d.), p. 11

42
  See Marian Leighton, ‘Anarcho-feminism’,
Reinventing Anarchy
, op. cit., p. 258

43
  See Murray Bookchin, ‘New Social Movements: The Anarchic Dimension’,
For Anarchism
, op. cit., pp. 259–74

1
    Randolph Bourne, ‘The State’,
Untimely Papers
(New York: Huebsch, 1919)

2
    Franz Oppenheimer,
The State
(New York: Vanguard Press, 1926), p. 27

3
    Albert Jay Nock,
Our Enemy the State
(1935) (New York: Free Life Editions, 1977), p. 88

4
    John Locke,
Of Civil Goverment, Second
Treatise
(1690), op. cit., sec. 123, p. 179

5
    David Friedman.
The Machinery of Freedom
(New York: Harper & Row, 1971), p. 156

6
    Murray Rothbard,
For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto
, rev. edn. (New York: Collier Books, 1978), pp. 46, 23–24

7
    Rothbard, ‘Society without a State’,
Nomos
, op. cit., pp. 191, 206. See also his
Power and Market
(Kansas City: Sheed Andrews & McMeel, 1977)

8
    Robert Nozick,
Anarchy, State and Utopia
(Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1974), pp. 16–17

9
    Ibid., p. 160

10
  See Stephen L. Newman,
Liberalism at Wits’ End: The Libertarian Revolt against the Modern State
(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984), ch. vi

11
  See Robert Paul Wolff,
In Defense of Anarchism
(New York: Harper Colophon, 1970). It also contains a eply to Jeffrey H. Reiman’s criticism of his work
In Defense of Political Philosophy.

12
  See Graham Baugh, ‘The Poverty of Autonomy: the Failure of Wolff’s Defence of Anarchism,
The Anarchist Papers
, op. cit., p. 110

13
  Friedrich Hayek,
The Constitution of Liberty
, (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1960), p. 137

14
  Pierre Limeux,
Du Libéralisme à l’anarcho-capitalisme
(Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1983), p. 32

15
  See Henri Arvon,
Les Libertariens américans: de l’anarchisme à l’anarcho-capitalisme
(Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1983), p. 9

1
    Quoted in Vivian Harper, ‘Bertrand Russell and the Anarchists’,
Anarchy
, 109 (March 1970), pp. 68, 77

2
    Mrs Gerald Brenan to Russell, November 1938,
The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell
(Allen & Unwin, 1968), II, 210

3
    Russell,
Roads to Freedom: Socialism, Anarchism, and Syndicalism
(1918), 3rd edn. (Allen & Unwin, 1973), pp. 38–9

4
    Ibid., p. 15

5
    Russell,
Principles of Social Reconstruction
(1916) (Allen & Unwin, 1971), p. 34

6
    
Roads to Freedom
, op. cit., p. 97

7
    See Harper, ‘Bertrand Russell and the Anarchists’,
Anarchy
, op. cit., p. 71

8
    Russell to Emma Goldman, 8 July 1922,
Autobiography
, op. cit., II, 123

9
    
Freedom
, quoted in Harper, ‘Bertrand Russell and the Anarchists’, op. cit., p. 73

10
  Russell to Goldman, ibid., p. 74

11
  
Freedom
, ibid., p. 73

12
  Russell, ‘A Free Man’s Worship’ (1903),
Mysticism and Logic
(1918) (Harmonds-worth Penguin, 1953), p. 51

13
  Russell,
Power: A New Social Analysis
(1938) (Basis Books, 1940), p. 9

14
  Preface to
Roads to Freedom
, op. cit., p. 14

15
  Russell,
Authority and the Individual
(Allen & Unwin, 1949) pp. 89, 109

16
  See Nicolas Walter,
Freedom
(21 April 1962)

17
  Russell,
Autobiography
, op. cit., II, 154

18
  Harper, ‘Russell and the Anarchists’, op. cit., p. 75

19
  Russell,
In Praise of Idleness
(1932) (Allen & Unwin, 1963), p. 11

20
  Preface to
Principles of Social Reconstruction
, op. cit.

21
  Aldous Huxley,
Ends and Means
(Chatto & Windus, 1937), p. 63

22
  Ibid., p. 70

23
  Ibid.

24
  Huxley,
Science, Liberty and Peace
(Chatto & Windus, 1947), p. 6

25
  Ibid., p. 41

26
  Ibid., p. 44

27
  Huxley,
Island
(Frogmore, St Albans: Triad/Panther, 1976), p. 169

28
  Ibid., p. 171

29
  Ibid., p. 249

30
  Ibid., p. 97

31
  Quoted in Philip Thody,
Aldous Huxley
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1973), p. 128

32
  Martin Buber, ‘Society and the State’ (1950), reprinted in
Anarcky
54 (August 1965), pp. 241–2

33
  Martin Buber,
Paths in Utopia
(1949) (Boston: Beacon Press, 1958), p. 39

34
  Ibid., pp. 137, 134

35
  See John Ellerby, ‘Martin Buber’,
Anarcky
, 54 (August 1965), p. 230

36
  Lewis Mumford, ‘Authoritarian and Democratic Technics’,
Questioning Technology
, eds. Alice Carnes & John Zerzan (Freedom Press, 1988), p. 14

37
  Mumford,
The Future of Technics and Civilization
(Freedom Press, 1986), p. 58

38
  Ibid., p. 182

39
  Ibid., p. 175

40
  See Theodore Roszak, ‘Scholar, Poet, Prophet’,
Manas
, Los Angeles, 31 January 1968)

41
  See Mumford,
The City in History
(Secker & Warburg, 1961), quoted in Colin Ward, ‘Introduction’,
The Future of Technics and Civilization
, op. cit., p. 14

42
  Mumford, ‘Authoritarian and Democratic Technics’, op. cit., p. 13