Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism (155 page)

43
  Ibid.

44
  Bookchin,
The Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., p. 241

45
  Noam Chomsky,
Problems of Knowledge and Freedom: The Russell Lectures
(Fontana, 1972), p. 46

46
  See ‘Introduction’, Guérin,
Anarchism
, op. cit., p. xi

47
  Paul Barker, ‘Noam Chomsky’s Two Worlds’,
New Society
(2 April 1981), p. 61

48
  Ibid.

49
  Chomsky,
Language and Responsibility
(New York: Pantheon Books, 1979), p. 77

50
  Chomsky,
For Reasons of State
(New York: Pantheon Books, 1973), pp. 395–6

51
  Introduction to Guérin,
Anarchism
, op. cit., p. x. In the original review article from which the introduction is taken, Choensky compares in note 11 Bakunin’s remarks on the laws of individual nature with his own approach to creative thought in his works
Cartesian Linguístícs
(1966) and
Language and Mind
(1968)
(New York Review of
Books, 21 May 1970).

52
  Interview with Graham Baugh,
Open Road
(Summer, 1984)

53
  With reference to the treatment of the Spanish Civil War, see Chomsky’s ‘Objectivity and Liberal Scholarship’,
American Power and the New Mandarins
(New York: Random House, 1969), 72–124

54
  Interview in
The Guardian
(14 January 1989)

55
  See George Woodcock, ‘Chomsky’s Anarchism’,
Freedom
(16 November 1974) who argues that he is a ‘left-wing Marxist’; and Carlos Otero, ‘Introduction’, Chomsky’s
Radical Priorities
(Montréal: Black Rose, 1981) and Paul Marshall, ‘Chomsky’s Anarchism’,
Bulletin of Anarchist Research
, 22 (November 1990), 22–6, who claim that he is an authentic anarchist.

56
  Interview,
The Chomsky Reader
, ed. James Peck (Serpent’s Tail, 1987), pp. 22–3

57
  See Read, ‘Existentialism, Marxism and Anarchism’ (1949),
Anarchy and Order
, op. cit., pp. 141–60

58
  Jean-Paul Sartre,
Existentialism & Humanism
(1946), trans. Philip Mairet (Eyre Methuen, 1975), p. 34

59
  ‘Sartre at Seventy: An Interview’,
New York Review of Books
(August, 1975)

60
  Camus,
The Myth of Sisyphus
(1942), trans. Justin O’Brien (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1977), p. 11

61
  Ibid., p. 26

62
  Ibid., pp. 64, 108

63
  Quoted in Philip Thody,
Albert Camus, 1913–60
(Hamish Hamilton, 1961), p. 81

64
  Ibid., p. 90

65
  Camus,
L’Homme révolté
(1951) (Paris: Gallimard, 1972), pp. 35–6

66
  Ibid, p. 356

67
  Quoted in Thody,
Albert Camus
, op. cit., p. 203

68
  See J. G. Merquior,
Foucault
(Fontana Press, 1985), p. 154

69
  Michel Foucault,
Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prisons
, trans. Alan Sheridan, III, 1 (New York: Pantheon, 1977), p. 228

70
  See Foucault’s Preface ‘The Eye of Power’ to the French edition of Benthams’s
Panopticon
(1977)

71
  Foucault,
Power/Knowledge: Selected Inerviews and Other Writings 1972–1977
, eds. Colin Gordon, Leo Marshall, John Meplam and Kate Soper (Brighton: Harvester Press, 1980), pp. 87–90, 110

72
  Ibid., p. 151. Cf. Ibid., pp. 104–5

73
  Foucault,
The History of Sexuality
, trans. Robert Hurley (New York: Pantheon, 1978), I, p. 59

74
  Merquior,
Foucault
, op. cit., p. 149

75
  See Interview in
Le Nouvel Observateur
(12 March 1977)

76
  Foucault, ‘Réponse à une question’,
Esprit
, 371 (May, 1968), 850–74

77
  Interview with Jean-Lousiézine in
Nouvelles Littéraires
, 2477 (17–23 March 1977)

78
  Merquior,
Foucault
, op. cit., p. 156

1
    Quoted in Woodcock, ‘The Philosopher of Freedom’,
Herbert Read: A Memorial Symposium
, ed. Robin Skelton (Methuen, 1970), p. 74; see also James King,
The Last Modern: A Life of Herbert Read
(Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1990)

2
    Quoted in Woodcock,
Herbert Read: The Stream and the Source
(Faber & Faber, 1972), p. 232

3
    Lenin,
The State and Revolution
, quoted by Read, ‘Poetry and Anarchism’ (1938), in
Anarchy and Order: Essays in Politics
(Souvenir Press, 1974), p. 93

4
    Quoted in
The Anarchist Reader
, op. cit., p. 256

5
    Read,
To Hell with Culture: Democratic Values are New Values
(Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1941), p. 43

6
    Ibid., p. 7

7
    Ibid., p. 17

8
    Read, ‘Chains of Freedom’,
Anarchy and Order
, op. cit., p. 186

9
    Woodcock,
The Anarchist Reader
, op. cit., p. 379

10
  Read, ‘My Anarchism’,
Anarchy and Order
, op. cit., p. 244

11
  Read,
Education through Art
(Faber & Faber, 1943), p. 5

12
  Read,
The Grass Roots of Art
(1955), quoted in
The Anarchist Reader
, op. cit., p. 283

13
  ‘Poetry and Anarchism’ (1938),
Anarchy and Order
, op. cit., p. 58

14
  ‘Philosophy of Anarchism’,
Anarchy and Order
, op. cit., pp. 37, 39

15
  Ibid., pp. 81, 88

16
  ‘Philosophy of Anarchism’, op. cit., p. 50

17
  ‘Poetry and Anarchism’, op. cit., p. 87. For an outline of Read’s anarchist society, see ibid., pp. 101–2; and ‘Philosophy and Anarchism, op. cit., pp. 49–50

18
  ‘The Paradox of Anarchism’,
Anarchy and Order
, op. cit., p. 134

19
  Read,
The Politics of the Unpolitical
(Routledge, 1943), pp. 11, 10

20
  ‘Poetry and Anarchism’, op. cit., p. 125

21
  Ibid., p. 96

22
  ‘Chains of Freedom’, op. cit., pp. 162, 163

23
  ‘Revolution and Reason’, ibid., p. 23

24
  ‘Existentialism, Marxism and Anarchism’,
Anarchy and Order
, op. cit., pp. 157, 155, 158

25
  ‘Poetry and Anarchism’, op. cit., p. 107

26
  Ibid., pp. 41–2

27
  ‘Philosophy of Anarchism’, op. cit., p. 48

28
  ‘The Chains of Freedom’, op. cit., p. 195

29
  Ibid., p. 212

30
  ‘The Prerequisite of Peace’,
Anarchy and Order
, op. cit., p. 121

31
  ‘Revolution and Reason’, op. cit., p. 17

32
  Ibid., p. 31

33
  Woodcock,
Herbert Read
, op. cit., p. 13

34
  ‘Chains of Freedom’, op. cit., p. 175

35
  Read,
The Contrary Experience
(Faber & Faber, 1963), p. 11

36
  Read,
A Concise History of Modern
Painting
(Thames & Hudson, 1972), p. 14

37
  Alex Comfort,
Barbarism and Sexual Freedom
(Freedom Press, 1948), p. 34

38
  Comfort,
Authority and Delinquency in the Modern State: A Criminological Approach to the Problems of Power
(Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1950), p. ix

39
  Ibid., p. 17

40
  Comfort,
Delinquency
(Freedom Press, 1951), p. 9

41
  
Authority and Delinquency
, op. cit., p. 78

42
  Ibid., pp. 80–1

43
  Comfort,
Nature and Human Nature
(Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1966), p. 191

44
  Ibid., p. 201

45
  
Barbarism and Sexual Freedom
, op. cit., p. 42

46
  Comfort, ed.,
The Joy of Sex: A Gourmet Guide to Lovemaking
, (Quartet, 1986), p. 34

47
  Paul and Percival Goodman,
Communitas: Means of Livelihood and Ways of Life
(1947) (New York: Vintage, 1960), p. 153

48
  See Goodman’s political essays,
Drawing the Line
, ed. Taylor Stoehr (1962) (New York: Free Life Editions, 1977)

49
  Goodman, ‘The Anarchist Principle’,
A Decade of Anarchy
, op. cit., p. 38

50
  Goodman, ‘Reply’ on Pornography and Censorship,
Commentary
32, 2 (1961), 159–61

51
  Goodman, ‘The Anarchist Principle’,
A Decade of Anarchy
, op. cit., p. 39

52
  Cf. Woodcock, ‘Paul Goodman: The Anarchist as Conservator’,
The Anarchist Papers
, op. cit., pp. 66–72

53
  Goodman,
People or Personnel
, op. cit., p. 179

54
  Ibid., p. 181

55
  Ibid., pp. 175, 176

56
  Ibid., p. 189

57
  Goodman to Richard Boston, ‘Conversations about Anarchism’,
A Decade of Anarchy
, op. cit., p. 16

58
  Goodman, ‘The Anarchist Principle’, ibid., p. 38

59
  Goodman,
A Message to the Military Industrial Complex
(1965) (Housmans, 1969), p. 3

60
  Goodman,
Compulsory Miseducation
(1964) (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971), p. 20

61
  Goodman,
The Community of Scholars
(New York: Random House, 1962)

62
  Goodman,
Growing up Absurd
(1960) (Sphere, 1970), p. 193

63
  Goodman to Boston, ‘Conversations about Anarchism’,
A Decade of Anarchy
, op. cit., p. 17

1
    John Clark,
The Anarchist Moment
, op. cit., p. 188n; Theodore Roszak, quoted on the back cover of Murray Bookchin’s
Remaking Society
(Montréal & New York: Black Rose Books, 1989)

2
    Bookchin,
Toward an Ecological Society
, op. cit., p. 280

3
    Bookchin,
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., pp. 68–9

4
    Bookchin,
The Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., p. 4

5
    Ibid., pp. 94, 127

6
    
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 21

7
    Bookchin, ‘Thinking Ecologically: A Dialectical Approach’,
Our Generation
, 18, 2 (March 1987), 11–12

8
    
Post-Scarcity Anarchism
, op. cit., p. 64;
Ecology of Freedom
, op cit., p. 237

9
    Ibid., p. 11

10
  Ibid., pp. 353–4

11
  
Toward an Ecological Society
, op. cit., p. 109

12
  
Ecology of Freedom
, op. cit., p. 355