Authors: Jim Newton
36
“would not lead the charge”:
Ibid., p. 99.
37
“an important turning point”:
Ibid.
CHAPTER
4:
FROM CANDIDATE TO PRESIDENT
1
“America must be spiritually”:
DDE,
Mandate for Change
, p. 33.
2
“I think I have no quarrel”:
Lodge to DDE, May 16, 1952, and DDE to Lodge, May 20, 1952, Henry Cabot Lodge folder, box 72, Principal File, Pre-presidential Papers, DDEPL.
3
“the almost evangelical loyalty”:
Bain and Parris,
Convention Decisions and Voting Records
, p. 279.
4
distant corners of the hall:
Warren,
Memoirs
, p. 218.
5
was denied entrance, too:
Brownell,
Advising Ike
, p. 115.
6
“stolen” delegates and party secrecy: New York Times
, July 3, 1952.
7
“I’m going to roar out”:
Ibid.
8
they found space:
Brownell,
Advising Ike
, p. 108.
9
“We conclude this series”: New York Times
, July 3, 1952.
10
divided up the balance: New York Times
, July 6, 1952.
11
hardly conveyed confidence: New York Times
, July 5, 1952.
12
collected $1 from an aide: New York Times
, July 7, 1952.
13
“I go everyplace I can with him”:
Ibid.
14
“a stirring oration”:
Ibid.
15
“It looks like my candidate”: New York Times
, July 10, 1952.
16
many of them fighting tears:
Hagerty, oral history interview, p. 40.
17
the next eight years:
Ibid., p. 3.
18
“He expressed surprise”:
Brownell,
Advising Ike
, p. 120.
19
California senator Richard Nixon:
Brownell and Eisenhower recalled this exchange slightly differently. In Ike’s memory, he had carried this list with him for some time, though only Brownell knew who was on it. Brownell remembered that Ike wrote out the list over a dinner during the convention when Brownell asked him for names. Since Eisenhower acknowledged some failings of memory during that period, I have relied more heavily on Brownell’s version of events.
20
“we have a traitor”:
Undated memorandum titled “Republican National Convention, July 1952, Chicago, Ill.,” Political Parties, Republican Party folder, box 3, HI. The memo is signed by the author, but access to it is conditioned on protecting the name, so I have omitted it here.
21
“There comes a time”:
Mazo,
Richard Nixon
, p. 88.
22
happy to have him on the ticket:
Brownell to Sherman Adams, Dec. 23, 1958, A (1) folder, box 66, Brownell Papers.
23
“Nixon fills all the requirements”:
Mazo,
Richard Nixon
, p. 89.
24
“Its potential for good or evil”:
Full text at
http://www.rockymountainnews
.com/news/1952/jul/26/transcript
-adlai-stevensons-acceptance-speech-1952/
.
25
“impressed by his speaking style”:
DDE,
Mandate for Change
, p. 50.
26
“He’s too accomplished”:
Ibid.
27
the teleprompter was scrapped:
Sherman Adams, unpublished MS, pp. 122–25, Adams Papers.
28
“Thirty-five pages”:
Hagerty, oral history interview, p. 44.
29
they would be “entirely briefed”:
Truman to DDE, telegram, Aug. 12, 1952, Harry Truman folder (1), box 33, Name Series, Whitman File.
30
“It is my duty”:
DDE to Truman, Aug. 14, 1952, Truman folder (1), box 33, Name Series, Whitman File.
31
“I am extremely sorry”:
Truman to DDE, Aug. 16, 1952, Truman folder (1), box 33, Name Series, Whitman File.
32
some by Smith himself:
John L. Helgerson,
Getting to Know the President: CIA Briefings of Presidential Candidates, 1952–1992
(Washington, D.C.: Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, 1996).
33
“In the certainty that the whole affair”:
DDE to Nixon, draft, Sept. 19, 1952, box 1, Cutler Papers.
34
until Nixon could explain himself:
Sherman Adams to Brownell, Feb. 12, 1959, and Brownell reply, Feb. 25, 1959, A (1) folder, box 66, Brownell Papers.
35
well short of an endorsement:
“Notes on Campaign Speeches, 1952,” undated memo, 1952 Campaign folder, Whitman File.
36
“But there comes a time”:
Nixon memorandum of telephone conversation, Sept. 20, 1952, Fund File, Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace.
37
“If the impression got around”:
Ibid.
38
“I want to tell you my side of the case”:
Full text of the speech at
http://www.historyplace.com/speeches/nixon-checkers.htm
.
39
Nixon laid down that challenge:
Ewald,
Eisenhower the President
, p. 55.
40
“If you don’t unqualifiedly endorse”:
Edgar to DDE, cable, Sept. 25, 1952, Edgar Eisenhower 1953 (3) folder, box 11, Name Series, Whitman File.
41
“This apparently settles the Nixon fund affair”:
“Notes on Campaign Speeches, 1952.”
42
that dated to Lincoln:
Adams, unpublished MS, p. 109.
43
“bungled us perilously close”:
“Notes on Campaign Speeches, 1952.”
44
“us forward in the broad middle way”:
Ibid.
45
“here in my hand”: Major Speeches and Debates of Senator Joe McCarthy
, beginning at p. 5. Full text also at
http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6456
.
46
“certified to the Secretary”:
Ibid.
47
“the most weird and traitorous”:
Ibid., pp. 190–92.
48
“part of a conspiracy on a scale”:
McCarthy address to the U.S. Senate, June 14, 1951,
Congressional Record
, 82nd Cong., 1st sess., vol. 97, pt. 5, in
Major Speeches
, p. 305.
49
McCarthy glowered afterward:
Adams, unpublished MS, p. 139.
50
focused on other topics:
Here is the entire passage, as scheduled to be delivered: “George Marshall is one of the patriots of this country, and anyone who has lived with him, has worked with him as I have, knows that he is a man of real selflessness—a man who has suffered with ill health. Maybe he has made mistakes. I do not know about that, but from the time I met him on December 14, 1942, until the war was over, if he was not a perfect example of patriotism and a loyal servant of the United States, I never saw one. If I could say any more, I would say it, but I have no patience with anyone who can find in his record of service for this country anything to criticize.”
51
“high-minded and zealous”:
Adams, unpublished MS, p. 20a.
52
“Take it out”:
Ibid., p. 140.
53
attacks on Marshall were overstated:
DDE to Stassen, Oct. 5, 1952, Harold Stassen folder, box 35, Whitman File.
54
“sick at heart”:
Adams, unpublished MS, p. 140. Marshall himself shrugged off the incident, at least in discussing it with others. “Eisenhower was forced into a compromise, that’s all it was,” he confided to his goddaughter. “There is no more independence in politics than there is in jail” (Rose Page Wilson,
General Marshall Remembered
, p. 371; quoted in Cray,
General of the Army
, p. 728).
55
“as bad a moment”:
Hauge, oral history interview, p. 17.
56
“terrible mistake”:
John Eisenhower, interview with author, Oct. 7, 2010.
57
Marshall’s name does not appear:
“Notes on Campaign Speeches, 1952.”
58
“straight isolationist line”: New York Times
, Oct. 23, 1952.
59
“I shall go to Korea”: New York Times
, Oct. 25, 1952.
60
“If you win”:
Hazlett to DDE, Nov. 3, 1952, Swede Hazlett (June–Dec. 1952) folder, box 17, Whitman File.
61
Brownell accepted that evening:
Brownell,
Advising Ike
, pp. 132–33.
62
any previous Republican candidate:
“The 1952 Elections: A Statistical Analysis,” 138 A Elections and Voting (1) folder, box 698, Official File, White House Central Files, DDEPL.
63
Mamie wept:
Slater,
The Ike I Knew
, p. 27.
CHAPTER
5:
CHANGING AMERICA’S COURSE
1
under the cover of darkness:
Hagerty letter to Marge Hagerty, Nov. 29, 1952, p. 3, Korea Trip 1952–53 (5), box 11, Hagerty Papers.
2
“if you still desire to go to Korea”:
Truman to DDE, cable, Nov. 5, 1952, Harry S. Truman, Aug. 1, 1952–Jan. 1, 1953 (1) folder, box 33, Name Series, Whitman File.
3
ended their relationship:
DDE to Truman, cable, Nov. 5, 1952, Truman Aug. 1, 1952–Jan. 1, 1953 (1) folder, box 33, Name Series, Whitman File. See also John Eisenhower,
Strictly Personal
, p. 158.
4
“Secrecy of movement”:
Lovett to DDE, Nov. 11, 1952, Robert A. Lovett folder, box 25, Administration Series, Whitman File.
5
thirteen hundred escorted him along the way: Stars and Stripes
, Dec. 6, 1952, p. 15.
6
boarded his plane:
Hagerty letter to Marge, Nov. 29, 1952, p. 5, Korea Trip 1952–53 (4), box 11, Hagerty Papers.
7
opportunity to unite their country:
Halberstam,
Coldest Winter
, p. 50.
8
perimeter in Asia as excluding South Korea:
Jian,
China’s Road
, p. 119.
9
“if you get kicked in the teeth”:
Halberstam,
Coldest Winter
, p. 50.