Authors: Jim Newton
60
available to Borden:
Bird and Sherwin,
American Prometheus
, p. 473.
61
preserve his own line of attack:
Ibid., p. 471.
62
his home in Princeton:
Branigan to Belmont, memo, June 2, 1954, FBI (FOIA).
63
when the FBI suggested removing them:
Ibid.
64
“they consist of nothing more”:
DDE, Dec. 3, 1953, entry, DDE Diary Oct.–Dec. 1953, box 4, DDE Diary Series, Whitman File.
65
“to place a blank wall”:
DDE to Brownell, Dec. 3, 1953, doc. 583, HP.
66
public as well as private humiliation:
Bird and Sherwin,
American Prometheus
, pp. 482–83.
67
collapsed on the floor of his lawyer’s bathroom:
Ibid., p. 484.
68
“moments of real satisfaction”:
DDE to Hazlett, Dec. 24, 1953, Swede Hazlett 1953 (1) folder, box 18, Name Series, Whitman File.
69
“there is a clear prospect”:
DDE to Bryce Harlow, Dec. 3, 1953, doc. 586, HP.
70
“In view of the number of people”:
DDE to Gruenther, Dec. 25, 1953, doc. 633, HP.
CHAPTER
8:
“MCCARTHYWASM”
1
enacted by separate legislation:
Senate Joint Resolution 1, 83rd Cong.,
Congressional Record
.
2
“Just how silly can you get?”:
Edgar to DDE, March 27, 1953, Edgar Eisenhower 1953 (2) folder, box 11, Name Series, Whitman File.
3
“I think that someone”:
Edgar to DDE, March 31, 1953, Edgar Eisenhower 1953 (2) folder, box 11, Name Series, Whitman File.
4
“You seem to fear”:
DDE to Edgar, April 1, 1953, Edgar Eisenhower 1953 (2) folder, box 11, Name Series, Whitman File.
5
“a communication which contains”:
DDE to Edgar, Jan. 27, 1954, Edgar Eisenhower 1954 (3) folder, box 11, Name Series, Whitman File.
6
“Never have I in my life”:
DDE to Edgar, Feb. 3, 1954, Edgar Eisenhower 1954 (1) folder, box 11, Name Series, Whitman File.
7
resurfaced as a serious notion:
DDE,
Mandate for Change
, p. 285.
8
“I’m sorry you are upset”:
DDE to Edgar, March 12, 1954, Edgar Eisenhower 1954 (1) folder, box 11, Name Series, Whitman File.
9
“hush the whole matter up and forget it”: Wall Street Journal
, Nov. 23, 1953.
10
“The raw, harsh, unpleasant fact”: Wall Street Journal
, Nov. 25, 1953.
11
“Anyone with the brains”:
Wicker,
Shooting Star
, p. 139.
12
“removed from any command”:
U.S. Senate,
Executive Sessions of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations, Congressional Record
, p. 16.
13
if he weren’t so fond of Stevens:
Testimony of George Sokolsky, April 23, 1954, in ibid., p. 216.
14
had made concessions:
There are many accounts, press and otherwise, of this lunch and its aftermath. One particularly illuminating source is found at DDE and Lucius Clay, conversation, Feb. 25, 1954, Phone Calls Jan.–May 1954 (2), box 5, Diary Series, Whitman File.
15
“What Secretary Stevens agreed to”: New York Times
, Feb. 25, 1954.
16
“in a state of shock”:
DDE and Clay, conversation, Feb. 25, 1954.
17
“blew the lid off the teakettle”:
Adams, unpublished MS, p. 430.
18
and then resign:
Hagerty, Feb. 24, 1954, entry in
Diary
, p. 19.
19
its way into the
Times:
New York Times
, Feb. 26, 1954.
20
“Don’t think you can lock horns”:
DDE and Clay, conversation, Feb. 25, 1954.
21
some legal advice:
Brownell was out of the office when Eisenhower called, so the president spoke with William Rogers, Brownell’s deputy.
22
“Suppose I made up my mind”:
DDE and Rogers, conversation, March 2, 1954, Phone Calls Jan.–May 1954 (2), box 5, Diary Series, Whitman File.
23
keep a lid on McCarthy:
DDE and Knowland, conversation, March 20, 1954, Phone Calls Jan.–May 1954 (2), box 5, Diary Series, Whitman File.
24
chairman of the board of General Electric:
DDE to Philip Reed, June 17, 1953, DDE Diary Dec. 1952–July 1953 (2), box 3, DDE Diary Series, Whitman File.
25
tangling with him publicly:
DDE to Robinson, March 12, 1954, William E. Robinson 1952–55 (2) folder, box 29, Name Series, Whitman File.
26
“He’s the last guy”:
Hagerty, Feb. 26, 1954, entry in
Diary
, p. 20.
27
“We just did something to please him”:
Lucille Ball Security Matter, Investigation of Communist Activities in the Los Angeles Area, Sept. 4, 1953, FBI File 100–41702 (FOIA).
28
“the top television comedienne”:
Sanders and Gilbert,
Desilu
, p. 78.
29
“my favorite redhead”:
Ibid., p. 81.
30
“God Bless America!”:
Arnaz,
Book
, p. 306.
31
“Sooner or later”:
Hoffman to DDE, March 25, 1954, Diary March 1954 (1), box 6, DDE Diary Series, Whitman File.
32
protections to give subordinates:
Willis to Adams, memo, March 9, 1954, The President [1954] (4) folder, box 54, Brownell Papers.
33
defense to review:
Bird and Sherwin,
American Prometheus
, p. 498.
34
his formal reply: New York Times
, April 13, 1954.
35
“I think it only fair”:
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission,
In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer
, p. 53.
36
“May I correct that”:
Ibid.
37
“This fellow Oppenheimer”:
James Reston,
Deadline
, p. 224.
38
“New and special rules”: New York Times
, April 23, 1954.
39
influenced the general’s testimony:
Ibid.
40
“close to disgusting”:
DDE to Hazlett, April 27, 1954, Swede Hazlett 1954 (2) folder, box 18, Name Series, Whitman File.
41
“a pixie is a close relative of a fairy”:
Wicker,
Shooting Star
, pp. 152–53.
42
ended for the week: New York Times
, May 15, 1954.
43
“We know we value the right”:
Ibid. See also Eisenhower Daily Schedule for details of dinner, Whitman File.
44
“Because it is essential to efficient”:
DDE to Stevens, May 17, 1954, McCarthy Letters, box 25, Administration Series, Whitman File.
45
“Any man who testifies”:
Hagerty, May 17, 1954, entry in
Diary
, p. 53.
46
blocked further inquiry: New York Times
, May 18, 1954.
47
“By his statement of yesterday”:
Ibid.
48
“implication of disloyalty”: New York Times
, April 14, 1954.
49
“four experienced and able commissioners”:
Editorial reaction from around the nation is excerpted and can be found at Robert Oppenheimer folder, box 7, White House Central Files, Hagerty Papers.
50
“Many … intelligent men”:
Reston,
Deadline
, p. 226.
51
“communist-front” organization:
See Welch comments at hearing, as well as Hagerty, April 2, 1954, entry in
Diary
, p. 40. Although Welch did not disclose it at the hearing, Fisher also, according to Hagerty, organized a guild chapter in Massachusetts with the help of a Communist organizer.
52
“Mr. McCarthy, I will not discuss this further”:
The exchange between McCarthy and Welch is presented on videotape at
www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/welch-mccarthy.html
. Transcripts also appeared in the
New York Times
and elsewhere.
53
“It’s no longer McCarthyism”:
Minnich memo to Adams, June 21, 1955, ML-8, McCarthy Controversy—High Points, Adams Papers.
54
servicemen huddled below:
See
http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests/Castle.html
.
55
United States and Japan for months:
Within the administration, there lurked a suspicion that the fishing boat was in the area spying for the Soviet Union. Lewis Strauss in particular advanced that theory, on evidence so thin as to appear ludicrous (Strauss, for instance, was suspicious that the captain of the vessel was so young). See Hagerty, April 2, 1954, entry in
Diary
, pp. 40–42.
56
cloakroom and collapsed:
This reconstruction draws on many sources, principally the coverage from the
New York Times
, March 2, 1954.
57
“These people just shoot wildly”:
DDE and Martin, conversation, March 1, 1954, Phone Calls, Jan.–May 1954 (2), box 5, DDE Diary Series, Whitman File.
58
“his destiny, his responsibility”:
Embassy in the Republic of China to State Department, dispatch, April 3, 1958, in
FRUS, China
, vol. 19, p. 13.
59
even if fired upon:
Dockrill,
Eisenhower’s New-Look National Security Policy
, pp. 103–4.
60
defeat the North Vietnamese by the end of 1955:
DDE,
Mandate for Change
, p. 338.
61
they ignored him:
Ibid., p. 339.
62
“Reds would win that part”:
Hagerty, March 26, 1954, entry in
Diary
, p. 35. Cabinet Meeting, March 26, 1954.
63
“Air power might be temporarily beneficial”:
DDE,
Mandate for Change
, p. 341.
64
“suffered reverses”:
DDE letter to Hazlett, April 27, 1954, Hazlett 1954 (2) folder, box 18, Name Series, Whitman File.
65
Dien Bien Phu fell:
In his telling of this episode, Stephen Ambrose writes that Eisenhower reacted to the suggestion that nuclear weapons might be useful in Indochina with revulsion. “You boys must be crazy,” Ambrose quotes Eisenhower telling the NSC staff adviser Bobby Cutler. “We can’t use those awful things against Asians for the second time in less than ten years. My God” (Ambrose,
Eisenhower, the President
, p. 184). That statement is attributed to an undated interview with Eisenhower and must be regarded with skepticism. Eisenhower had specifically contemplated the use of nuclear weapons in Korea just one year earlier, and though he decided against it, he expressed no horror or revulsion at the thought of using “those awful things” against Asians in that conflict. As with many aspects of Ambrose’s work, the absence of notes and discrepancies regarding dates make it difficult to say whether this quotation is merely inaccurate or fabricated, but it should not be regarded seriously.