Heinrich Himmler : A Life (162 page)

47
. Heinemann, ‘Rasse’, 195 ff. and 232 ff.

48
. Ibid. 197 ff. and 251 ff. There is important material on the activities of the Litzmannstadt office in the final report of the head of the Litzmannstadt office concerning the resettlement in the Wartheland under the second short-range plan at the end of 1940 (BAB, R 75/6).

49
. End-of-year final report of the Central Land Office for 1942 (BAB, R 49/195); see Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 212 ff.

50
. Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 217 ff.

51
. For examples see ibid. 209 f.

52
. BAB, NS 2/60, report of the RuS-leader with the EWZ, Künzel, 20 December 1939, and Pancke report of 20 December 1939.

53
. Ibid. Künzel report of 20 December 1939.

54
. Ibid. 20 December 1939.

55
. BAB, NS 2/88, 14 October 1939; Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 234 f.

56
. BAB, R 69/178, EWZ North-East to Chief of Sipo and SD, 17 January 1940; IfZ, NO 4326, Hofmann, 25 January 1940.

57
. Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 236.

58
. BAB, R 69/178, EWZ North-East to Chief of Sipo and SD, 17 January 1940.

59
. USHMM, RG 15.015 M/162, RKF, signed Creutz, to HSSPF Warthe, NorthEast and South-East, 18 January 1940.

60
. BAB, NS 2/61, meeting in the EWZ North-East on 1 April 1940.

61
. BAB, R 69/598, report on the conference of the RuS offices as part of the conference of the Immigration offices on 11/12 January 1941 in Dresden, paper given by the head of the Clan Office, Richard Kaaserer.

62
. BAB, R 69/598, letter of 18 November 1940.
Epikanthus medialis
is the medical term for the so-called Mongol fold or crease, a crescent-shaped fold at the internal edge of the eye, which was popularly known as ‘slit eyes’ and is common among many East Asian peoples. Himmler evidently wanted to be sure that this feature would be noted.

63
. Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 242 ff. BAB, R 49/14, Reich Ethnic German Commissar, Resettlement in the East. Figures for 31 December 1942; here the total number of ethnic Germans resettled from the Baltic up to this point is given as 126,000.

64
. BAB, NS 2/88, EWZ North-East, Posen branch, RuS-Office to the head of the Posen Immigration branch office, 26 March 1940, final report on the processing of the Baltic Germans; see Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 244 ff.

65
. BAB R 69/516 EWZ North-East, Posen branch, RuS Office to HSSPF Koppe re: racial assessment of the ethnic Germans from Vollhynia, Galicia, and the Narev district who have been processed by 18 February 1940, 20 February 1940.

66
. BAB, R 69/501, EWZ, Roving Commission I, addition to the Vollhynian and Galician statistics, 20 August 1940.

67
. BAB, R 69/178, summaries. Included here were a total of over 147,000 people who had been resettled from these districts.

68
. BAB, R 69/598, report on the meeting of the RuS offices as part of the EWZ meeting of 11–12 January 1941 in Dresden.

69
. There is an excellent overview in the introduction to the
Dienstkalender
, 81 f. See also BAB, R 49/26, RKF, report to Himmler re: Statistics on the resettlement situation on 15 April 1941, 5 May 1941.

70
. Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 247 f.

71
. BAB, NS 19/150, the date is unreadable.

72
. Ibid. Brandt to Koppe, 9 August 1940: ‘The five girls you sent from Berlin have arrived safely.’

73
. Ibid. Personal Staff to Greifelt, 30 May 1941.

74
. Schulte,
Zwangsarbeit
, 246 ff.

75
. Himmler’s Memorandum on the Treatment of the Ethnic Aliens in the East (May 1941), ed. Helmut Krausnick,
Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte
, 5 (1957), 194–8.

76
. According to Himmler’s handwritten minute (28 May 1940) on the memorandum (see n.75) Hitler had considered it ‘very good and correct’; but he [Himmler] should ‘keep it absolutely secret’ and show it to Frank ‘to tell him that the Führer considers it correct’.

77
. USHMM, RG 15.015 M/259, order concerning the deployment of Poles capable of being Germanized, 3 July 1940; on the re-Germanization process see Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 282 ff.

78
. Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 197 ff. and 251 ff.

79
. Ibid. 283.

80
. BAB, R 49/75, Hecht/Wetzel memoradum, 25 November 1939. They assumed a figure of 1.3 million Poles in the annexed territories capable of being Germanized.

81
. The aim of Germanizing a million people is contained in Himmler’s Edict on the Inspection and Selection of the Population of the Occupied Eastern Territories of 12 September 1940, quoted in Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 282. A note from the Reich Economics Ministry of 1 November 1940 states: ‘In response to a telephone inquiry the Reich Commissar for the Consolidation of the Ethnic German Nation stated that in accordance with a decision of the Führer, up to a million Poles can be Germanized in Germany. At the moment around 800–900 people are being Germanized. However, the Reich Commissar estimates that the increasing numbers of those being registered will initially lead to the Germanization of around 100,000 people. In view of the very strict medical and racial criteria being applied the figure of 1 million will probably not be achieved’ (USHMM, RG 15.007 M/125).

82
. USHMM, RG 15.015 M/251, Himmler to the HSSPF East, North-East, Vistula, Warthe, South-East, 20 May 1941. The letter referred to the ‘indigenous West Prussians’. However, Himmler made it clear that his comments applied to all the annexed territories.

83
. See his remarks in his speech of 29 February 1940 (BAB, NS 19/4007, and below p. 475).

84
. Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 479 f.; Himmler’s signed order as RFK 42I of 23 July 1941 (USHMM, RG 15.007 M/125) was of decisive importance.

85
. Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 261 f.

86
. BAB, NS 19/3979, edict of 12 September 1940 concerning the Inspection and Selection of the Population of the Occupied Eastern Territories. The content of this edict was incorporated into the Reich Interior Minister’s Decree Concerning the Ethnic List and German Citizenship in the Incorporated Eastern Territories of 4 March 1941,
RGBl
1941 I, 118 f.; see Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 262 f.

87
. BAB, NS 2/88, Chief of RuSHA, Hofmann, to the head of the Race Office, Schultz, concerning interviews with Himmler on 22 November 1941, 25 November 1941. The instruction referred both to the ‘selection procedure’ for the Ethnic German List as well as to the assessments in the Litzmannstadt branch office. It was to be applied first to the assessments in Upper Silesia. For the date of the interviews see
Dienstkalender
.

88
. USHMM, RG 15.007 M/113, RFSS, Guidelines for the composition and procedure of the Supreme Assessment Court for Ethnicity Issues in the incorporated eastern territories.

89
. In the spring of 1942 nearly 100,000 people in the Warthegau and in East Prussia were assessed for membership of Groups III and IV. A start was evidently made on assessing the estimated 1.9 million candidates in West Prussia and Upper Silesia (Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
,268).

90
. On Himmler’s disagreement with Forster about the implementation of the Ethnic List procedure see Himmler’s letter of 20 November 1941, in Dieter Schenk,
Hitlers Mann in Danzig. Albert Forster und die NS-Verbrechen in Danzig-Westpreuβen
(Bonn, 2000), 207; also BAB, NS 2/231, Brandt to RSHA and RuSHA, 2 December 1943. On the conflict with Forster see Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 269 ff. In the Warthegau Reichsstatthalter Greiser gave in after Himmler insisted in September 1941 on the principle of using strict racial criteria for selection (ibid. 274 f.). On the conflict with the Upper Silesian Gauleiter Bracht see ibid. 172 ff.

91
. Adler,
Mensch
, 140 ff.

92
. Speech to the Gauleiters, 29 February 1940, in Himmler,
Geheimreden
, 139.

93
. Ibid. 138 f.

94
. Doc. EC-305, in
IMT
, vol. 36, pp. 299 ff.

95
. Präg and Jacobmeyer (eds),
Diensttagebuch
, 2 and 4 March 1940.

96
. Report by Schön, the head of the resettlement department attached to the governor of the Warsaw district, 20 January 1941, in
Faschismus, Ghetto, Massenmord
, 108 ff.

97
. Paul Sauer (ed.),
Dokumente über die Verfolgung der jüdischen Bürger in Baden-Württemberg durch das nationalsozialistische Regime
, vol. 2 (Stuttgart, 1966), no.408.

98
. Report by Schön, the head of the resettlement department attached to the governor of the Warsaw district, 20 January 1941, in
Faschismus, Ghetto, Massenmord
, 108 ff.

99
. See Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 151 ff.

100
.
Die Deutschen in der Tschechoslowakei 1933–1947. Dokumentensammlung
, compiled by Václav Král (Prague, 1964), 424.

101
. Hitler to Frank, 6 January 1941, printed ibid.425.

102
. Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 155 f.

103
. Ibid. 154 f.

104
. Tatjana Tönsmeyer,
Das Dritte Reich und die Slowakei 1939–1945. Politischer Alltag zwischen Kooperation und Eigensinn
(Paderborn, etc., 2003), 312 f.

105
. Pancke to Himmler, 15 May 1940 and 18 June 1940, published in
Die Deutschen in der Tschechoslowakei
, 405 ff.; cf. Tönsmeyer,
Reich
, 46 f., and especially Johann Kaiser, ‘Die Politik des Dritten Reiches gegenüber der Slowakei 1939–1945. Ein Beitrag zur Erforschung der nationalsozialistischen Satellitenpolitik in Südosteuropa’, unpublished dissertation, Bochum University (1970), 427 ff.

106
. BAB, NS 19/2070, Himmler to Dollmann, 6 September 1939; Stuhlpfarrer,
Umsiedlung
, 140 f.

107
. Stuhlpfarrer,
Umsiedlung
, 142 f.

108
. Quoted ibid. 623.

109
. Ibid. 148 ff.

110
. Ibid. 177 ff.

111
. BAB, NS 19/2070.

112
. Stuhlpfarrer,
Umsiedlung
, 170 f.

113
. Ibid. 205 ff., for discussion of the various available figures and 155 ff. for the process of opting.

114
. Ibid. 541 ff.; Latour,
Südtirol
, 74 ff.

115
. Stuhlpfarrer,
Umsiedlung
, 617 ff.

116
. Ibid. 649 ff.; on Himmler’s comments on 18 and 23 July see BAB, R 49/2156, Kukla’s report and a minute on the trip to Burgundy.

117
. IfZ, NO 2417, Himmler to Frauenfeld, 10 and 27 July 1942; Stuhlpfarrer,
Umsiedlung
,701 ff.

118
. See above p. 433 f.

119
. Blaskowitz note for the interview with the Commander-in-Chief of the army, 6 February 1940, printed in
‘Schöne Zeiten’
, 14 ff.