Heinrich Himmler : A Life (165 page)

102
. Vieregge,
Gerichtsbarkeit
, 27.

103
. Führer decree of 5 September 1944, published in
‘Führer-Erlasse’
, no. 365; Vieregge,
Gerichtsbarkeit
, 27 f.

104
. Vieregge,
Gerichtsbarkeit
, 202 ff.

105
. Ibid. 216. The file BAB, NS 7/57, contains a collection of such powers granted to Bender.

106
. Vieregge,
Gerichtsbarkeit
, 213 ff.; BAB, NS 7/2, Himmler edict of 20 November 1939.

107
. Vieregge,
Gerichtsbarkeit
, 214 f.

108
. BAB, NS 7/52, Bender to the SS Court Main Office, 18 September 1940;see Vieregge,
Gerichtsbarkeit
, 215.

109
. BAB, NS 7/265, Himmler to Bender, 24 October 1941, and Bender to SS Court Main Office, 12 November 1941;NS 19/3872, Circular from the SS Court Main Office of 9 December 1941; see Vieregge,
Gerichtsbarkeit
, 108.

110
. BAB, NS 7/13, Note of the Field Command Headquarters, 13 May 1943.

111
. Published in Vieregge,
Gerichtsbarkeit
, Appendix 6 (based on ZStL, Dokumentation ČSSR, no. 396).

112
. BAB, NS 19/3939, 30 June 1942.

113
. BAB, NS 7/265, Sturmbannführer Korff to Bender, 21 January 1945.

114
. Führer Edict Concerning the Exceptional Reopening of Cases in the SS and Police Courts of 24 July 1941 and Himmler’s regulations to implement it of 25 November 1941, both in BAB, NS 7/303; Viereggge,
Gerichtsbarkeit
, 196 ff.

115
. BAB, NS 7/344, SS judge attached to the RFSS, 6 May 1942.

116
. Vieregge,
Gerichtsbarkeit
, 106.

117
. BAB, NS 19/1913, 16 August 1942.

118
. On military disobedience as a ‘general clause’ see Vieregge,
Gerichtsbarkeit
, 95 ff.

119
. BAB, NS 19/9, 9 October 1942.

120
. Speech at the Gruppenführer meeting, 4 October 1943, doc. PS-1919, in
IMT
, vol. 29, pp. 110 ff., quotation p. 144.

121
. BAB, NS 7/1001, SS judge attached to the RFSS and Chief of the German Police, 22 June 1943.

122
. Ibid. minute of an interview with the RFSS concerning the Buchhold case.

123
. BAB, NS 7/250, Telex Personal Staff, 4 January 1945.

124
. BAB, NS 7/247, SS judge attached to the RFSS to the SS Court Main Office, 26 October 1942.

1
. Brandes,
Tschechen
, 37 f.

2
. On the police missions of Tanzmann, the Vogt police commission, and the police liaison officer Hahn and his team there is extensive material in PAA, Inland IIg 100 and Luther files; see Tönsmeyer,
Reich
, 114 ff.

3
. This was the name used in the report of the German envoy to the Foreign Ministry, 4 September 1941 (PAA, Inland IIg 100). The office was closed on 3 July 1941: BAB, R 70 Slowakei 301, Hahn to RSHA. Cf. Tönsmeyer,
Reich
, 124 f., and Kaiser, ‘Politik’, 488 ff.

4
. His appointment was, however, delayed for more than a year: PAA, Inland IIg 100, German embassy to the Foreign Ministry, 5 November 1941; see Tönsmeyer,
Reich
, 120.

5
. Minute by Heydrich of 2 July 1940, published in Krausnick, ‘Hitler’, quotation p.207.

6
. BADH, ZR 277, minutes of the meeting with the head of Office I, 2 April 1940. On 28 March 1940 Heydrich had ordered the establishment of a commando for the Netherlands and Belgium respectively (ibid.).

7
. On the occupation of Norway see Hans-Dietrich Loock,
Quisling, Rosenberg und Terboven. Zur Vorgeschichte und Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Revolution in Norwegen
(Stuttgart, 1970), 277 ff., and Bohn,
Reichskommissariat
, 31 ff.; on the role of the security police see Wildt,
Generation
, 508 ff.

8
. BADH, ZR 277, note, 20 April 1940. The eighty men were really intended to be deployed in four Einsatzkommandos with the three SS divisions and the ‘Leibstandarte’, which was to be kept ‘strictly secret’ from the Wehrmacht (ibid. minutes of the meeting with the head of Office I, 2 April 1940).

9
. Loock,
Quisling
, 356 ff.; Bohn,
Reichskommissariat
, 70 ff.

10
. Bohn,
Reichskommissariat
, 74 ff.

11
. Heydrich note of 2 July 1940, published in Krausnick, ‘Hitler’, quotation p.207.

12
. Thomsen,
Besatzungspolitik
, 11 ff.

13
. BAB, NS 19/1678.

14
. Wilfried Wagner,
Belgien in der deutschen Politik während des Zweiten Weltkrieges
(Boppard a. Rh., 1974), 131 f.

15
. BAB, BDC, SS-O Seyss-Inquart, letter from Himmler to him, 16 May 1940, published in
De SS en Nederland. Documenten uit SS-Archieven 1933–1945
, introduced and edited by N.K.C.A. in’t Veld, 2 vols. (’s Gravenhage, 1976);
see also Konrad Kwiet,
Reichskommissariat Niederlande. Versuch und Scheitern nationalsozialistischer Neuordnung
(Stuttgart, 1968), 48.

16
. BAB, BDC, SS-O Seyss-Inquart, document of appointment. Both corresponded with each other regularly before Seyss-Inquart’s appointment to the post of Reich Commissar (ibid.).

17
. Kwiet,
Reichskommissariat
, 83 ff. The appointment to HSSPF followed on 23 May 1940.

18
. Heydrich note of 2 July 1940, published in Krausnick, ‘Hitler’, 207 f.

19
. On the appointment of Rauter and Nockermann and the simultaneous establishment of an SS-Oberabschnitt North-West in the Netherlands see Himmler to the SS Main Offices, 24 May 1940, in BAB, BDC, SS-O Seyss-Inquart, published in
SS en Nederland
, doc. no.23.

20
. Guus Meershoek, ‘Machtentfaltung und Scheitern. Sicherheitspolizei und SD in den Niederlanden’, in Gerhard Paul and Michael Mallmann (eds),
Die Gestapo im Zweiten Weltkrieg. ‘Heimatfront’ und besetztes Europa
(Darmstadt, 2000), 383–402, here 387 ff.; Wildt,
Generation
, 511 ff.

21
. Kwiet,
Reichskommissariat
, 2 ff.

22
. See note 19.

23
. Kwiet,
Reichskommissariat
, 107; see also Himmler to Seyss-Inquart, 4 June 1940 (BAB, BDC, SS-O Seyss-Inquart).

24
. Ibid. letter of 2 January 1941.

25
. Wagner,
Belgien
, 132 ff. On German occupation policy in Belgium see also, in particular, Werner Warmbrunn,
The German Occupation of Belgium, 1940–1944
(New York, 1993), and Wolfram Weber,
Die innere Sicherheit im besetzten Belgien und Nordfrankreich 1940–44. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Besatzungsverwaltungen
(Düsseldorf, 1978). On the role of the security police in the occupation of Belgium see Wildt,
Generation
, 522 ff.

26
. Wagner,
Belgien
, 166.

27
. BAB, BDC, SS-O Reeder.

28
. Warmbrunn,
German Occupation
, 118 f.

29
. Heydrich note of 2 July 1940, published in Krausnick, ‘Hitler’, 209.

30
. See Bernd Kasten, ‘
Gute Franzosen’. Die französische Polizei und die deutsche Besatzungsmacht im besetzten Frankreich 1940–1944
(Sigmaringen, 1993), 22 f.; on the role of the security police and SD in the first phase of occupation policy see also Ahlrich Meyer,
Die deutsche Besatzung in Frankreich 1940–1944. Widerstandsbekämpfung und Judenverfolgung
(Darmstadt, 2000), 13 ff., and Wildt,
Generation
, 514 ff.

31
. Herbert,
Best
, 251 ff.

32
. Heydrich note of 2 July 1940, in Krausnick, ‘Hitler’, 208; BAB, R 58/241, message from Heydrich to the Stapo offices referring to fifteen men in Paris.

33
. Commando staff guidelines for cooperation with the representative of the Chief of the Security Police and SD, quoted in Kasten,
‘Franzosen’
, 23.

34
. Claudia Steur,
Theodor Dannecker. Ein Funktionärder
‘
Endlösung
’(Essen, 1997), 48.

35
. PAA, Inland IIg 81, Heydrich to von Ribbentrop, 27 July 1940; the minutes of the meeting are in the appendix.

36
. Information on the numbers of the ethnic German groups in Europe, 25 June 1940 (AP Lodz, L 3571), quoted in Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 305.

37
. Ibid. 306.

38
. Führer edict concerning the provisional administration of Alsace and Lorraine, 2 August 1940 (
‘Führer-Erlasse’,
no. 44); second Führer edict concerning the provisional administration of Alsace and Lorraine, 18 October 1940 (ibid. no. 58). On German ‘ethnic policy’ in Alsace and Lorraine see Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 306 ff., and Lothar Kettenacker,
Nationalsozialistische Volkstumspolitik im Elsaβ
(Stuttgart, 1973).

39
. After the first expulsions, which affected around 20,000 to 25,000 people, there were large waves of expulsions: of around 60,000 people between 11 and 21 November 1940 and around 10,000 people in February 1942. Thousands also went ‘voluntarily’; see Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 306 f., 310, and 318.

40
. Bruno Brehm criticized the fact that among the families being deported there were undoubtedly people with German nationality, indeed even SS applicants (BAB, BDC, SS-O Brehm, Brehm to RKF planning chief Meyer, 3 November 1940). See also R 49/74, head of the EWZ, Office West, draft of guidelines for the treatment of the alien and ethnically alien population in Lorraine by the security police, 25 February 1941; it proposes a comprehensive ‘racial selection’. See Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 307 f. and 315 ff.

41
. Ibid. 318 f.

42
. BAB, NS 2/55, Himmler to Lammers, 21 March 1939. In this letter Himmler expressed his doubts about a draft law banning the marriage of Germans with foreigners. He also made it clear that he aimed to ‘win women of Nordic blood for Germany’.

43
. BAB, NS 19/4004, speech of 8 November 1938, published in Himmler,
Geheimreden
, 25 ff., quotation p.38.

44
. Wegner,
Politische Soldaten
, 265.

45
. BAB, R 31/96, Himmler order of 15 August 1940. Himmler ordered that Berger should initially be Heissmeyer’s permanent representative, but would be assigned other tasks.

46
. IfZ, NO 1825, Berger to Himmler, 7 August 1940. Berger worked on the basis of a recruitment quota of 2 per cent of each annual cohort; this corresponded to the quota in the Reich.

47
. IfZ, NO 5717.

48
. On the establishment of this unit and other early ‘Germanic units’ see Stein,
Geschichte
, 128 f.

49
.
Dienstkalender
.

50
.
Völkischer Beobachter
, 2 February 1941. He gave an ‘important address’ before the oath-taking ceremony of the SS leaders in Oslo. (
Völkischer Beobachter
, 31 January 1941).