Heinrich Himmler : A Life (166 page)

51
.
Berliner Börsenzeitung
, 3 February 1940.

52
.
Völkischer Beobachter
, 3 February and 4 April 1940.

53
.
Dienstkalender
, 21–2 May 1941.

54
. Thomsen,
Besatzungspolitik
, 94 f.

55
. PAA, Inland IIg 7, undated note, arrival stamp 22 September 1940.

56
. BAB, NS 33/213, Hausser circular, 13 September 1940; Barbara Materne, ‘Die Germanische Leitstelle der SS 1940–1945. Entstehung, Aufgabenbereiche und Bedeutung in der Machtstruktur des Dritten Reiches’, MA diss. Düsseldorf (2000), 29.

57
. Wagner,
Belgien
, 248; Himmler circular, 24 May 1940, published in SS
en Nederland
, no.23.

58
. Stein,
Geschichte
, 134.

59
. Ibid. 135.Jüttner order, 3 April 1941, published in
SS en Nederland
, no.65.

60
. Stein,
Geschichte
, 137.

61
. BAB, NS 19/1711, Berger to Himmler, 10 and 16 September 1940. According to this there were two commissions ‘over there’ who were conducting assessments of the ethnic Germans which were disguised as ‘an assessment of the health of the nation’. The letter of 16 September 1940 contains a reference to the fact that this was contrary to a ‘special order of the Reich Marshall’. Himmler agreed to the measures. See Thomas Casagrande,
Die volksdeutsche SS Division
‘
Prinz Eugen
’
. Die Banater Schwaben und die nationalsozialistischen Kriegsverbrechen
(Frankfurt a. M. and New York, 2003), 142 f.

62
. Johann Böhm,
Die Gleichschaltung der deutschen Volksgruppe in Rumänien und das “Dritte Reich” 1941–1944
(Frankfurt a. M., etc., 2003), 284 f.

63
. Ibid. 286 ff.

64
. Ibid. 48; it is a reworking of an older work by the author:
Das nationalsozialistische Deutschland und die deutsche Volksgruppe in Rumänien 1936–1944. Das Verhältnis der deutschen Volksgruppe zum Dritten Reich und zum rumänischen Staat sowie der interne Widerstreit zwischen den politischen Gruppen
(Frankfurt a. M., etc., 1985). In the meantime he has published a monograph on the period before 1940;see Böhm,
Die Deutschen
.

65
. BAB, NS 19/3888, Himmler to Berger, 27 November 1940, who stated that he had been surprised by the founding of the party (ibid. letter of 2 December 1940).

66
. Ibid. Berger to Himmler, 4 December 1940, concerning a conversation with Schmidt, with Himmler reporting on it.

67
. Spannenberger,
Volksbund
, 233 ff.

68
. Ibid. 309 f.

69
. BAB, NS 19/383, Berger to Himmler, 27 January 1941, here a handwritten note by Himmler. See also the report of the recruitment office of 24 January 1941 (ibid.), and Tönsmeyer,
Reich
, 175 f.

70
. Kaiser, ‘Politik’, 436 f.

71
. As he told Himmler on 14 June 1941, with his creation of a cadre within the Hlinka Guard Nageler was aiming to ensure that ‘in the event of a change in the form of government he would have a suitable leadership available’ (BAB, NS 19/240). On Nageler’s ideas and Himmler’s sympathy for them see Kaiser, ‘Politik’, 441.

72
. Karmasin proposed to Himmler on 27 February 1941 that the existing volunteer protection squad should be expanded. Himmler replied on 17 March 1941 (BAB, NS 19/1846).

73
. Ibid. Berger to Himmler, 12 December 1940. On the background see Kaiser, ‘Politik’, 436.

74
. Lumans,
Auxiliaries
, 219; see also Martin Broszat, ‘Heranziehung von slowakischen Staatsbürgern deutscher Volkszugehörigkeit zum Dienst in der Waffen-SS’, in
Gutachten des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte
, vol. 1 (Munich, 1958), 412–17.

75
. BAB, NS 19/3517, Himmler to Kaul, 30 January 1941.

76
. Bernd Rother,
Spanien und der Holocaust
(Tübingen, 2001), 115 f.

77
.
Völkischer Beobachter
, 21 October 1940.

78
.
Völkischer Beobachter
, 22 October 1940.

79
.
Völkischer Beobachter
, 23 October 1940.

80
.
Berliner Börsenzeitung
, 23 October 1940.

81
.
Völkischer Beobachter
, 23 October 1940. According to another copy of this speech, Himmler dealt with the plans for and figures involved in the mass resettlements that he was carrying out in Poland; among other things, he mentioned that in future ‘all the Jews from the whole of the greater German Reich’ would be accommodated in a ‘closed ghetto’ in the General Government. (BAB, R 49/20, published in Müller,
Ostkrieg
, doc. no. 8).

82
.
Völkischer Beobachter
, 24 October 1940;
Berliner Börsenzeitung
, 25 October 1940.

83
. On the involvement of the SD in the Legionnaires’ putsch see Armin Heinen,
Die Legion
‘
Erzengel Michael
’
in Rumänien. Soziale Bewegung und politische Organisation. Ein Beitrag zum Problem des internationalen Faschismus
(Munich, 1986), 445; Andreas Hillgruber,
Hitler, König Carol und Marschall Antonescu
(Mainz, 1954), 16 ff.; Höhne,
Orden
, 267 f.; Wildt,
Generation
, 398 ff.

84
.
Dienstkalender
.

85
. PAA, Inland IIg 61, von Ribbentrop note, 10 March 1941; Heydrich statement, 2 April 1941, above all as a response to the report by von Killinger, the German envoy in Bucharest, who had written on 26 February 1941 that ‘the behaviour of some German circles’ had contributed to ‘the attempted putsch’, and then had gone on to name a number of SD representatives in Romania as well as SS members of the embassy (
ADAP
, Series D, vol. 12, no. 94).

86
. PAA, Inland IIg 6a, 24 March 1944.

87
. See above p.394.

88
. BAB, NS 19/1788, Heydrich to von Weizsäcker, 20 June 1941; Wildt,
Generation
, 649.

89
. This was the line taken in the report of the German envoy to the Foreign Ministry, 4 September 1941, in PAA, Inland IIg 100. The office was closed on 23 July 1941 (BAB, R 70 Slowakei 301, Hahn to RSHA). See also Tönsmeyer,
Reich
, 124 f., and Kaiser, ‘Politik’, 488 ff.

90
. USHMM, Acc. 1999.A.0092.

91
. BAB, NS 19/1633, Heydrich to Wolff, 5 August 1941. On the course of the negotiations see also PAA, Inland IIg 61, Heydrich to von Weizsäcker, 20 June 1941.

92
. BAB, NS 19/1633, agreement of 8 August 1941; Wildt,
Generation
, 649. The agreement contained ‘a secret annex’, negotiated on 28 August 1941, according to which it was the task of the police attachés to ensure that the agents and representatives of the RFSS refrained from any activity relating to foreign policy. On the same day the Foreign Ministry and the RSHA agreed on a set of ‘official instructions’ for police attachés (NS 19/1788), which reiterated the subordination of the attachés to the chief of mission. The Foreign Ministry’s copy is in PAA, Inland IIg 71. If there was no police attaché at an embassy then ad hoc arrangements should be made for ‘another clandestine special representative of the police’ to take over the supervision of the RFSS’s representatives (ibid. minutes).

93
. PAA, Inland IIg 70, list of 5 July 1941.

94
. PAA, Inland IIg 71, Luther to the Foreign Ministry’s head of personnel, Schröder, 27 February 1942.

95
. PAA, Inland IIg 118, circular of 1 August 1941.

96
. Ibid. Sonnleithner to Luther, 19 October 1942.

97
. Ibid. note for Luther, 19 October 1942.

98
. Ibid. Luther to Gaus, 6 November 1942.

99
. See the correspondence of May and June 1943 (PAA, Inland IIg 61).

100
. Ibid. RAM office note for Wagner, 14 December 1944. See also the instruction to Vortragender Legationsrat Wagner for transmission to the RFSS field headquarters, 31 December 1944.

101
. Ibid. note from the head of Inland II.

102
. For literature on the Madagascar project see Adler,
Mensch
, 69 ff.; Magnus Brechtken,
‘Madagaskar für die Juden’. Antisemitische Idee und politische Praxis 1885–1945
(Munich, 1997) (including comprehensive bibliography of previous publications); Christopher R. Browning, ‘The Decision Concerning the Final Solution’, in id.,
Fateful Months: Essays on the Emergence of the Final Solution
(New York and London, 1985), 8–38, esp. 35 ff.; Hans Jansen,
Der Madagaskar-Plan. Die beabsichtigte Deportation der europäischen Juden nach Madagaskar
(Munich, 1997), esp. 320 ff.; Leni Yahil, ‘Madagascar, Phantom of a Solution for the Jewish Question’, in Bela Vago and George L. Mosse (eds),
Jews and Non-Jews in Eastern Europe, 1918–1945
(New York, 1974), 315–34.

103
. See in detail Brechtken,
‘Madagaskar
’.

104
. Published in
Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte
, 5 (1957), 194–8 (with a short introduction by Krausnick). Himmler further proposed taking ‘racially valuable’ children away from their Polish parents; while this was ‘cruel’ and ‘tragic’, it was preferable to their ‘extermination’. The minute of Hitler’s response is dated 28 May 1940.

105
. Hitler and von Ribbentrop explained their plans to Mussolini and Ciano on 17 and 18 June; on 20 June Hitler mentioned the Madagascar project to Admiral Raeder, the Commander-in-Chief of the navy; at the beginning of August he mentioned the plan of expelling all the Jews from Europe to the German ambassador to France, Abetz, and in the middle of August he commented on it to Goebbels; see Galeazzo Ciano,
Tagebücher 1939–1943
(Bern, 1947), 249; Paul Schmidt,
Statist auf diplomatischer Bühne 1923–1945. Erlebnisse des Chefdolmetschers im auswärtigen Amt mit den Staatsmännern Europas
(Bonn, 1949), 494 f.; Gerhard Wagner (ed.),
Lagevorträge des Oberbefehlshabers der Kriegsmarine vor Hitler 1939–1945
(Munich, 1972), 106 ff.; PAA, Inland IIg 177, Luther note, 15 August 1940, published in
ADAP
, Series D, vol. 10, doc. no. 345;
Tagebücher Goebbels
, 17 August 1940.

106
. PAA, Inland IIg 177, The Jewish Question in the Peace Treaties, published in
ADAP
, Series D, vol. 10, 92 ff. See Heydrich’s letter of 24 June 1940 in the same file.

107
. PAA, Inland IIg 177.

108
. Ibid.

109
. Ibid. 30 August 1940. Brack is wrongly referred to here as ‘Oberbereichsleiter Brake’; his actual title was Oberdienstleiter.

110
. Brechtken,
‘Madagaskar’
, 261 f. A statement by Bouhler’s deputy, Brack, at the Nuremberg doctors’ trial, which is not totally reliable, claims that Bouhler was to be governor of Madagascar (ibid. 261).

111
. Präg and Jacobmeyer (eds),
Diensttagebuch
, 12 July 1940.

112
. Note on the meeting in department IV D 4, 9 July 1940, published in
Biuletyn Glównej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Niemieckich w Polsce
, 12 (1960), doc. no.38. On 12 June Heydrich and Frank agreed that the major resettlement programme planned in December 1939 would not take place, but the ‘current Volhynian operation’ and the ‘Jewish evacuations planned to begin in August this year’ (i.e. the deportation of the Jews from the annexed eastern territories) would go ahead; see Günther (RSHA) telex to Höppner (UWZ Posen), 1 July 1940, published ibid. doc. no.37.