History of the Jews (120 page)

Jehiel, Rabbi

Jehoiada

Jehoiakim

Jehu, son of Nimshi

Jephthah

Jeremiah

Jericho

Jeroboam

Jerome, St

Jerusalem: captured from Jebusites by David; Temple,
see
Temple; Solomon’s building works; northerners resettled in, after Assyrian conquest; refortified by Hezekiah; captured by Babylonians; rebuilt after Babylonian exile; population, in third century
BC
; Hellenization; religious mob; Herod and; revolt of 66
AD
; revolt of 132
AD
; Hadrian’s rebuilding; Babylonian Jews and; occupied by Persians, then Moslems; population growth in nineteenth century; captured by Allenby in 1918;
UN
partition plan of 1947; captured by Arab Legion in 1948; Old City captured by Israel in 1967; Camp David proposals; population (late twentieth century)

Jerusalem, Grand Mufti of,
see
Husaini

Jesus Christ

Jethro

Jewish Agency

Jewish Brigade

Jewish Colonization Association

Jewish Historical Documentation Centre

Jewish Resistance Movement

Jewish Theological Seminary

Jews; Ashkenazi; as businessmen,
see
money
and
trade; city dwellers; education, scholarship,
see
education
and
scholarship; elect nation; history written by; identity preserved by writings; literature; as migrants, settlers; name for ancestors of; origin of; persecution of,
see
anti-Semitism; population figures: Herodian period, tenth century, nineteenth century, 1980s; and radical politics; Sephardi; tenacity; three centres; Zionist definition of a Jew;
see also
Israel; Judaism

Jezebel

jihad

Job

Joel

Johanan ben Torta, Rabbi

Johanan ben Zakkai, Rabbi

John

John the Baptist

John of Capistrano

John Paul
II
, Pope

Jonah

Jonathan (high-priest)

Jordan;
see also
Transjordan

Joseph (son of Jacob)

Joseph (tax-farmer)

Joseph
II
, Emperor

Joseph ben Issac Sambari,
see
Sambari

Joseph ibn Awkal

Josephus; on Herod’s Temple; supposed deletions from
MSS
; mentioned

Joshua

Josiah, King, of Judah

Jost, Issac Marcus

Judah (southern kingdom)

Judah, the Galilean

Judah ha-Kohen ben Joseph

Judah Halevi

Judah Ha-Nasi, Rabbi

Judah of Regensburg

Judaism, Jewish religion (for convenience, the religion of the Jews and that of the ancient Israelites are treated here as one); Abraham as founder of; monotheistic,
see also
God; two salient characteristics of; sanctity of human life; rationalism in; conservative/ revolutionary; rejection of images, idols; and the state; martyrdom, martyrologies; individual accountability; feasts; inaugurated by Ezra; holy writings; homogeneous and rigorous, after establishment of canon; sectarianism in; reform party in, defeated by Maccabees; death, judgement afterlife; and Christianity; ceases to be national religion, becomes inward-looking cathedocracy; central ethical precept; rejects asceticism; dissentient opinion majorities; man’s physical and moral freedom; communal obligations; repentance and atonement; peace, non-violence; dogmatic theology eschewed; creeds; emphasis on work; irrationalist tradition;
see also
kabbalah magic
and
mysticism; medieval; angels and devils; and gentile culture; Reform Judaism; ritual in; perfectionist;
see also
Bible; Law; Mishnah; rabbis; Talmud; Torah; synagogue

Judas of Gamala

Judas the Maccabee

Judensau

Judges

Judith

Julian, Emperor

Julius
III
, Pope

Jung, C. G.

Justin, St (Justin Martyr)

Justinian, Emperor

kabbalah,
passim

Kadesh

Kafka, Franz

Kairouan

Kalischer, Rabbi Zevi Hirsch

Kalm, Peter

Kaltenbrunner, Ernst

Kappler, Herbert

Karaites

Katz, Sam

Kaufmann, Yechezkel

Kefar Tavor

Kenyon, Kathleen

Kerchemish, battle of

Kerensky,
A. F
.

Kern, Jerome

Ketuvim (Hagiographa)

Khazars

Khomeini, Ayatollah

Khrushchev, Nikita

kibbutzim

Kierkegaard, Sören

Kiev

King David Hotel

Kings

Kinneret

Kish

Kisling, Moise

Kitchener, Lord

Knights of St John

Knights Templar

Koestler, Arthur

Kohler, Rabbi Kaufmann

Kook, Rabbi Abraham Isaac

Koran

Kovno

Kraus, Karl

Kristallnacht

Krochmal, Nachman

Krupp, Alfred

Ku-Klux Klan

Kun, Bela

kuppah

La Motta, Jacob de,
see
Motta

La Peyrère, Isaac

Laban

Labour Party, Zionist/Israeli (Mapai)

Lachish

Ladino

Laemmle, Carl

Lagarde, Paul de

Lamentations

Land of Israel movement

Lansdowne, Marquess of

Lasker, Eduard

Lasky, Jesse

Lassalle, Ferdinand

Latvia

Lavater, Johan Caspar

Law, the; legal systems before Moses; dietary; reform movement and; Oral,
see also
Mishnah; Jesus and; Luke and; Maimonides and; Moses Mendelssohn and;
see also
Torah

Lawrence, T. E.

Lazare, Bernard

Lazarus, Emma

League of the French Fatherland

Leah (wife of Jacob)

Lebanon

Leeser, Rabbi Isaac

Leghorn (Livorno)

Lehmann, John

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm von

Lenin

Leningrad

Lessing, Gotthold

Levi ben Gershom

Leviticus

Libya, immigration to Israel from

Liebermann, Max

Likud

Lilienthal, Max

Lincoln

Lipchitz, Jacques

Lipman, V. D.

Lippmann, Walter

Lithuania, Jews in;
see also
Vilna

Lloyd George, David
passim

Lodz

Loew, Rabbi Judah, Maharal of Prague

Loew, Marcus

London, Jews in

Lopez, Manasseh

Los Angeles

Louis
IX
, King, of France

Louis
XIV
, King of France

Louis
XVI
, King of France

Lublin, Sigmund

Lucena

Lueger, Karl

Luke

Luria, Isaac ben Solomon

Luther, Martin

Luxemburg, Rosa

Luzzatto, Moses Hayyim

Luzzatto, Simhah

Lydda

Maccabaeus, Simon

Maccabees (apocryphal book)

Maccabees (Jewish family),
see
Hasmonean family

Maccoby, Hyam

MacDonald, James Ramsay

Machado, Antonio Alvarez

Machaerus

Machpelah, Cave of

magic

Mahler, Gustav

Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon); his thirteen articles;
Commentary on the Mishnah; Guide of the Perplexed
; other writings; mentioned

Maimonides, Abraham

Maimonides, David

Majdanek

Malachi

Mallowan, Sir Max

Malta

mamram

Manasseh ben Israel

Manetho

Mapai,
see
Labour Party

Marconi case

Margherians

Mari (Tell Harari)

Maria Theresa, Empress

Mariamne

Marissa

Mark

Marr, Wilhelm

marranos
(
conversos
)

marriage

Marx, Karl

Marx Brothers

Masada

maskilim

masoretes
, Masoretic text

Matthew

Matthias, Emperor

Maurras, Charles

Maximilian
II
, Emperor

Mayer, Louis B.

Medina

Megiddo

Megillot (Canticles)

Meighen, Arthur

Meir, Rabbi

Meir, Golda

Meisel, Marcus

Melanchthon, Philip

Méliès, Georges

Menahemya

Mendelssohn, Felix

Mendelssohn, Moses

Menelaus (high-priest)

Meneptah

Merchant of Venice, The
(Shakespeare)

Meshuararim

Mesopotamia;
see also
Assyria; Babylon

Messiah, messianism: Jesus as Messiah; in Judaism; in kabbalah; in ghetto folklore; Shabbetean movement; Zionist ideal distinguished

Metullah

Mexico, Jews in

Meyerbeer, Giacomo

Miami

Micah

midrash

Milhaud, Darius

Mintz, Abraham

Mishnah

Mizpah

Mizrachi

Moab

modern movement

Modigliani, Amedeo

Mohammed

Molcho, Solomon

Mommsen, Theodor

monasticism

money, finance, banking; moneylending, usury

monotheism,
see under
Judaism

Montagu, Edwin

Montaigne, Michel de

Montefiore, Sir Moses

Montreal

Morning Post

Morocco, Jews of

Moscow

Moses; and the Exodus; as central figure in Jewish history; Greeks and; and early anti-Semitism; his law code; his covenant with God; and Joshua; Maimonides on

Moses ben Shem Tov

moshavot

Moslems,
see
Islam

Motta, Jacob de la

‘Mountain Jews’

Moyne, Lord

Münster, Sebastian

music, Jews and

Mussolini, Benito

mysticism

nabhi
, meaning of;
see also
prophets