History of the Jews (122 page)

Ten Commandments, Decalogue

terrorism: Jewish, in post-war Palestine; against Jews

theatre

Theodore of Mopsuestia

Theodosius
I
, Emperor

Theodosius
II
, Emperor

Therapeuta

Theresienstadt

Theudas

Thirty Years War

Tiberias

Tiglath-pileser
III

Times, The

Tirzah

Titus (son of Emperor Vespasian)

Tobit

Tolstoy, Count Leo

Torah; Agudath Yisra’el and

Toronto

Torquemada, Tomás de

Tosefta

Toussenel, Alphonse

trade, commerce

Transjordan;
see also
Jordan

Treblinka

Treitschke, Heinrich von

Trilling, Lionel

Tripoli

Trollope, Anthony

Trotsky, Leon

Truman, Harry S.

Trumpeldor, Joseph

Tucholsky, Kurt

Tunisia, immigration to Israel from

Turgenev, Ivan Sergeevich

Turin

Turkey (Ottoman Empire); and Shabbetai Zevi; in nineteenth century; and Kaiser Wilhelm
II
; and Versailles treaty

Turkey (modern state)

Tyre

Uganda, as Jewish national home

Ugarit

Ukraine, Jews in

Ummayid dynasty

Union of American Hebrew Congregations

Union of Zionist-Revisionists,
see
Revisionists

United Nations Organization (
UN
): and Palestine problem; and Arab refugees; and Suez Canal; Sinai peacekeeping force; and Arafat; and Amin

United States of America (North America, to Independence): Jews in, before 1881; Ashkenazi immigration to; and Zionism; Bolshevik scare and Jewish immigration; Jewish community in; Second World War; and creation of state of Israel; support for Israel

universities, medieval

Ur

Ur-Nammu

Usha

Ussishkin, Menachem

usury,
see
moneylending
under
money

Vaux, Père Roland de

Vega, Joseph de la

vegetarianism

Venice, Jews in

Versailles peace treaty

Vespasian, Emperor

Victor Emmanuel
III
, King, of Italy

Victoria, Queen

Vienna

Vilna

Vital, Hayyim

Voltaire

Wagner, Richard

Wailing Wall

Wallenberg, Raoul

Wandering Jew

war-crime trials

Warner Brothers

Warren, Sir Charles

Warsaw

Washington
DC

Wasserman, Jakob

Waugh, Evelyn

Webb, Beatrice

Weber, Max

Weizmann, Chaim: and Zionism
passim
; and post-war reparations; Israel’s first president

Wellhausen, Julius

Wertheimer, Samson

Wesley, John

Wessely, Hartwig

West Bank

Wiesenthal, Simon

Wilhelm
II
, Kaiser

William
III
, King (William of Orange)

Wilson, President Woodrow

wisdom texts

Wise, Isaac Mayer

Wise, Rabbi Stephen

Wistrich, Robert

Witte, Count Serge

Wolf, Abraham

Wolf, Immanuel

Wolf, Joseph

Wolf, Lucien

Wolffsohn, Daniel

women: in the Bible; and Jewish scholarship

Woolley, Sir Leonard

World Jewish Congress

writing, early

Yadin, Yigael

Yahweh

Yare, Obadiah ben Abraham, of Bertinoro

Yavne’el

Yellin-Mor, Nathan

Yemen

yeshivot

Yesud ha-Ma’ala

Yiddish

Yom Kippur War

Yugoslavia, Jews in

zaddik

Zadkine, Ossip

Zadok of Lublin

Zalman, Elijah ben Solomon,
see
Elijah ben Solomon

Zanuck, Darryl

Zealots

Zechariah

Zedekiah (governor of Judaea)

Zedekiah (prophet)

Zephaniah

Zeurubbabel

Zevi, Shabbetai,
see
Shabbetai Zevi

Zikhron Yacov

Zionism; Palestine as national home for Jews,
see under
Palestine; and Hebrew language; Tsarist Russia and; USA and; religious or secular plans for; Britain and; Jewish opposition to; Ashkenazi support for; First Zionist Congress; Soviet Union and; last phase of; ultimate aim of; condemned by
UN
;
see also
Israel

Ziusudra

Zohar (
Sefer-ha-Zohar
)

Zola, Émile

Zukov, Adolphe

Zunz, Leopold

This is a personal interpretation of Jewish history. The opinions expressed (and any errors) are my own. But my debt to many scholars will be clear to anyone who looks at the source notes. I am particularly grateful to the editors of the
Encyclopaedia Judaica
, which has proved an indispensable guide, and to the valuable compilation edited by H. H. Ben Sasson,
A History of the Jewish People
. My understanding has been illuminated by the monumental studies of S. W. Baron, S. D. Goitein and G. G. Scholem, and I have also been greatly helped by the works of such historians as Cecil Roth, Alexander Marx, Alexander Altmann, Hyam Maccoby, Jonathan I. Israel, Michael Marrus, Ronald Sanders, Raul Hilberg, Lucy Davidowicz, Robert Wistrich and Martin Gilbert. On Jewish beliefs and opinions I have found particularly useful books by Samuel Belkin, Arthur A. Cohen and Meyer Waxman. Chaim Raphael and Hyam Maccoby both generously read the entire text and made many helpful suggestions and corrections. I am also much indebted to the copy editor, Peter James, and to my son, Daniel Johnson, who worked on the text, and especially to my editor at Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Linda Osband, who on this as on earlier occasions has rendered my book incomparable services. Finally I must thank Lord Weidenfeld for his courage in making it possible for me to tackle this vast and daunting subject.