History of the Jews (114 page)

196.
  
For Rosenzweig and Rosenstock-Huessy see Altmann,
op. cit
., and N. N. Glatzer (ed.),
Franz Rosenzweig: His Life and Thought
(2nd edn, New York 1961).

197.
  
Quoted in Grunfeld,
op. cit
., 17.

198.
  
Hartmut Pogge von Strandmann (ed.),
Walter Rathenau: Notes and Diaries 1907-22
(Oxford 1985), 98-9.

199.
  
Quoted in Grunfeld,
op. cit
.

200.
  
Charles Rosen,
Schoenberg
(London 1976), 16-17.

201.
  
Alma Mahler,
Gustav Mahler: Memories and Letters
(trans., New York 1946), 90.

202.
  
Charles Spencer,
Léon Bakst
(London 1973).

203.
  
Serge Lifar,
A History of the Russian Ballet
(London 1954).

204.
  
Quoted in Spencer,
op. cit
., 127.

205.
  
For Bakst’s moral theory of colour see Mary Franton Roberts,
The New Russian Stage
(New York 1915).

206.
  
Sidney Alexander,
Marc Chagall
(London 1978).

207.
  
Peter Gay,
Freud, Jews and Other Germans
(Oxford 1978), 21.

208.
  
Ibid
., 101ff.

209.
  
Letter to Karl Abraham, quoted in Jack J. Spector,
The Aesthetics of Freud
(London 1977), 22.

210.
  
Paul Roazen,
Freud and his Followers
(London 1976), 192-3.

211.
  
Ibid
., 75ff.; for Freud and his wife see letter from his daughter Matilda Freud Hollitscher to Ernest Jones, 30 March 1952, in the Jones archives, and Theodor Reik, ‘Years of Maturity’,
Psychoanalysis
, iv
I
(1955).

212.
  
David Bakan,
Sigmund Freud and the Jewish Mystical Tradition
(Princeton 1958), 51-2; Sigmund Freud, Preface to
Totem and Taboo
(1913).

213.
  
Ernest Jones,
Life and Work of Sigmund Freud
, 3 vols (New York 1953-7), i 22, 184.

214.
  
‘On Being of the B’nai B’rith’,
Commentary
(March 1946).

215.
  
Max Graf, ‘Reminiscences of Sigmund Freud’,
Psychoanalytic Quarterly
, xi (1942); Jacob Meotliz, ‘The Last Days of Sigmund Freud’,
Jewish Frontier
(September 1951); quoted in Bakan,
op. cit
.

216.
  
Jones,
op. cit
., i 25, 35. For Freud’s own account, see M. Bonaparte, A. Freud and E. Kris (eds and trans.),
Freud, Origins of Psychoanalysis: Letters to Wilhelm Fliess, Drafts and Notes
1887-1902 (New York 1954), 322; Bakan,
op. cit
.

217.
  
E. Stengel, ‘A Revaluation of Freud’s Book “On Aphasia” ’,
International Journal of Psychoanalysis
(1954).

218.
  
H. Sachs,
Freud, Master and Friend
(Harvard 1944), 99-100; quoted in Bakan,
op. cit
.

219.
  
Jones,
op. cit
., i 348.

220.
  
Ibid
., ii 367; Sigmund Freud, ‘The Moses of Michelangelo’,
Collected Papers
, iv 251-87.

221.
  
Bakan,
op. cit
., 246-70.

222.
  
Robert S. Steele,
Freud and Jung: Conflicts of Interpretation
(London 1982); W. McGuire (ed.),
Freud-Jung Letters
(Princeton 1974), 220.

223.
  
Max Schur,
Freud Living and Dying
(London 1972), 337.

224.
  
Jones,
op. cit
., ii 148.

225.
  
Steven Marcus,
Freud and the Culture of Psychoanalysis
(London 1984), 50-3.

226.
  
Quoted in
ibid
., 83.

227.
  
For Breuer, see Sigmund Freud, ‘Origins and Development of Psychoanalysis’,
American Journal of Psychology
, xxi (1910), 181; Roazen,
op. cit
., 93-9.

228.
  
Fritz Wittels,
Sigmund Freud
(New York 1924), 140; quoted in Bakan,
op. cit
.

229.
  
Quoted in Roazen,
op. cit
., 197.

230.
  
Jones,
op. cit
., ii 33.

231.
  
For Freud’s rows, see Roazen,
op. cit
., 194ff., 204ff., 220ff., 234ff. etc.

232.
  
Jones,
op. cit
., iii 208.

233.
  
Ibid
., iii 245.

234.
  
Arthur Koestler,
The Invisible Writing
(London 1955).

235.
  
For Einstein’s contribution to quantum theory see Max Jammer, ‘Einstein and Quantum Physics’, in Gerald Holton and Yehuda Elkana (eds),
Albert Einstein: Historical and Cultural Perspectives
(Princeton 1982), 59-76.

236.
  
‘What I Believe’,
Forum and Century
84 (1930); quoted in Uriel Tal, ‘Ethics in Einstein’s Life and Thought’, in Holton and Elkana,
op. cit
., 297-318.

237.
  
Einstein,
Physics and Reality
(New York 1936).

238.
  
Henri Bergson,
Two Sources of Morality and Religion
(trans., London 1935).

239.
  
Einstein to Solovine, 30 March 1952, quoted in Yehuda Elkana, ‘The Myth of Simplicity’, in Holton and Elkana,
op. cit
., 242.

240.
  
Milic Capek,
The Philosophical Impact of Contemporary Physics
(Princeton 1961), 335ff.; see also William James, ‘The Dilemma of Determinism’, in
The Will to Believe
(London 1917).

241.
  
Yehuda Elkana,
op. cit
.

242.
  
For this, see my
Modern Times: The World from the Twenties to the Eighties
(New York 1983), ch. 1, ‘A Relativistic World’.

243.
  
Lionel Trilling,
Mind in the Modern World
(New York 1973), 13-14.

244.
  
‘The Hunter Graccus’.
Graccus or graculus
is Latin for jackdaw, Czech
kavka
, and Kafka’s father, whom he hated, had a jackdaw sign over his shop. See Lionel Trilling,
Prefaces to the Experience of Literature
(Oxford 1981), 118-22.

245.
  
Quoted in Rosen,
op. cit
., 10.

246.
  
Grunfeld,
op. cit
., 23-4.

PART SIX: HOLOCAUST

1.
  
Asquith speech in
The Times
, 10 November 1914.

2.
  
Interview with Mrs Halperin in Eric Silver,
Begin
(London 1984), 5, 9.

3.
  
Ronald Sanders,
The High Walls of Jerusalem: A History of the Balfour Declaration and the Birth of the British Mandate for Palestine
(New York 1984), 315ff.

4.
  
Chaim Weizmann,
Trial and Error
(London 1949), 15-25.

5.
  
Ibid
., 29, 44.

6.
  
Sanders,
op. cit
., 64-9.

7.
  
New Statesman
, 21 November 1914, article signed A.M.H. (Albert Montefiore Hyamson).

8.
  
Michael and Eleanor Brock (eds),
H. H. Asquith: Letters to Venetia Stanley
(Oxford 1952), 406-7.

9.
  
Ibid
., 477-8; 485.

10.
  
Quoted in Sanders,
op. cit
., 313-14.

11.
  
Miriam Rothschild,
Dear Lord Rothschild: Birds, Butterflies and History
(London and Philadelphia 1983), 45.

12.
  
Sanders,
op. cit
., 69, 133.

13.
  
Weizmann,
op. cit
., 144; doubts have been cast on this story; see Sanders,
op. cit
., 94-6.

14.
  
Quoted in Sanders,
op. cit
.

15.
  
For the collections see Miriam Rothschild,
op. cit
.

16.
  
Weizmann,
op. cit
., 257.

17.
  
Montagu was not present at the war cabinet of 31 October 1917; see Sanders,
op. cit
., 594-6, which also gives text of the final letter.

18.
  
Weizmann,
op. cit
., 262.

19.
  
Ibid
., 298; Sanders,
op. cit
., 481.

20.
  
Weizmann,
op. cit
., 273-4.

21.
  
Text of the mandate in David Lloyd George,
The Truth About the Peace Treaties
, 2 vols (London 1938), ii 1194-1201.

22.
  
Weizmann,
op. cit
., 288.

23.
  
Ibid
., 67.

24.
  
Vladimir Jabotinsky,
The Story of the Jewish Legion
(trans., Jerusalem 1945); P. Lipovetski,
Joseph Trumpeldor
(trans., London 1953).

25.
  
Yigal Allon,
The Making of Israel’s Army
(New York 1970); J. B. Schechtman,
The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story
, 2 vols (New York 1956-61).