History of the Jews (113 page)

117.
  
Quoted in Ben Sasson,
op. cit
.

118.
  
Joseph L. Blau and S. W. Baron,
The Jews in the United States 1790-1840: A Documentary History
, 3 vols (New York 1963), ii 576.

119.
  
Ibid
., iii 809.

120.
  
Ibid
., ii 327.

121.
  
A. B. Makover,
Mordecai M. Noah
(New York 1917); I. Goldberg,
Major Noah: American Jewish Pioneer
(New York 1937); text of his proclamation in Blau and Baron,
op. cit
., iii 898-9.

122.
  
Ibid
., 176-81.

123.
  
For Leeser, see Murray Friedman,
Jewish Life in Philadelphia 1830-1940
(Philadelphia 1984).

124.
  
Text in full in
Encyclopaedia Judaica
, xiii 570-1.

125.
  
H. E. Jacobs,
The World of Emma Lazarus
(New York 1949); E. Merriam,
Emma Lazarus: Woman with a Torch
(New York 1956).

126.
  
Encyclopaedia Judaica
, xii 1092.

127.
  
Richard Siegel and Carl Rheins (eds),
The Jewish Almanack
(New York 1980), 509.

128.
  
Psalms 137:1.

129.
  
Moses Hess,
Rome and Jerusalem
(trans., New York 1918).

130.
  
Cohen,
op. cit
., 57-9; for Hess, see also Isaiah Berlin,
The Life and Opinions of Moses Hess
(Cambridge 1959).

131.
  
J. R. Vincent (ed.),
Disraeli, Derby and the Conservative Party: The Political Journals of Lord Stanley
(London 1978), 32-3.

132.
  
J. A. Gere and John Sparrow (eds),
Geoffrey Madan’s Notebooks
(Oxford 1984).

133.
  
J. J. Tobias,
The Prince of Fences: The Life and Crimes of Ikey Solomons
(London 1974).

134.
  
L. Hyman,
The Jews of Ireland, London and Jerusalem
(London 1972), 103-4.

135.
  
Emily Strangford,
Literary Remains of the Late Emanuel Deutsch
(New York 1974).

136.
  
Gordon S. Haight,
George Eliot
(Oxford 1968), 487.

137.
  
Encyclopaedia Britannica
(London 1911), xxviii 987.

138.
  
For the influence of George Eliot, see Ronald Sanders,
The High Walls of Jerusalem: A History of the Balfour Declaration and the Birth of the British Mandate for Palestine
(New York 1984), 14ff.

139.
  
Guy Chapman,
The Dreyfus Case
(London 1955), 99.

140.
  
For French Jewry during the Dreyfus case see Michael R. Marrus,
The Politics of Assimilation: The French Jewish Community at the Time of the Dreyfus Affair
(Oxford 1971).

141.
  
Quoted in
ibid
., 118.

142.
  
Léon Halévy,
Résumé de l’histoire des juifs modernes
(Paris 1828), 325-6; quoted in Marrus,
op. cit
., 90.

143.
  
Julien Benda,
La Jeunesse d’un clerc
(Paris 1936), 43; quoted in Marrus,
op. cit
.

144.
  
Herbert Feis,
Europe the World’s Banker 1870-1914
(New York 1965), 33ff.

145.
  
For the church see R. P. Lecanuet,
L’Église de la France sur la troisième république
(Paris 1930), 231-3; Robert L. Hoffman,
More Than a Trial: The Struggle over Captain Dreyfus
(New York 1980), 82ff.

146.
  
La Croix
, 13 November 1896, quoted in Pierre Sorin,
La Croix et les Juifs 1880-1899
(Paris 1967), 117.

147.
  
Chapman,
op. cit
., 59.

148.
  
L’Aurore
, 7 June 1899; quoted in Marrus,
op. cit
., who has a chapter on Lazare, 164-95; B. Hagani,
Bernard Lazare
(Paris 1919).

149.
  
George D. Painter,
Marcel Proust
, 2 vols (London 1977), i 210.

150.
  
Paul Cambon,
Correspondence
, 2 vols (Paris 1945), i 436.

151.
  
Quoted in Chapman,
op. cit
., 199.

152.
  
Christophe Charles, ‘Champ littéraire et champ du pouvoir: les écrivains et l’affaire Dreyfus’,
Annales
, 32 (1977).

153.
  
Jean-Pierre Rioux,
Nationalisme et conservatisme: la Ligue de la Patrie française 1899-1904
(Paris 1977), 20-30; quoted in Marrus,
op. cit
., 148-9.

154.
  
Painter,
op. cit
., i 220.

155.
  
Alain Silvera,
Daniel Halévy and his Times
(Cornell 1966).

156.
  
Painter,
op. cit
., i 214ff.

157.
  
Janine Ponty, ‘La Presse quotidienne et l’Affaire Dreyfus en 1898-99’,
Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine
, 21 (1974).

158.
  
Found in a scrapbook compiled for Drumont and now (along with a mass of other Dreyfus case material) in the Houghton Library at Harvard.

159.
  
Frederick Busi, ‘The Dreyfus Affair and the French Cinema’,
Weiner Library Bulletin
, 39-40 (1976).

160.
  
Painter,
op. cit
., i 226.

161.
  
Ibid
., 233.

162.
  
R. D. Mandell, ‘The Affair and the Fair: Some Observations on the Closing Stages of the Dreyfus Case’,
Journal of Modern History
(September 1967); Douglas Johnson,
France and the Dreyfus Affair
(London 1966).

163.
  
Joseph Reinach,
Histoire de l’Affaire Dreyfus
, 6 vols plus index (Paris 1901-8).

164.
  
Chapman,
op. cit
., 359; Charles Andler,
La Vie de Lucien Herr
(Paris 1932).

165.
  
André Gide,
Journals 1889-1949
(trans., Harmondsworth 1978), 194ff.

166.
  
Of the many books on Herzl, I have chiefly followed Elon,
op. cit
.

167.
  
Ibid
., 9.

168.
  
Quoted in
ibid
., 66.

169.
  
Ibid
., 115.

170.
  
For the rise of
völkisch
anti-Semitism, see George L. Mosse,
The Crisis in German Ideology
(London 1966).

171.
  
Quoted in Elon,
op. cit
., 64.

172.
  
First English translation,
Autoemancipation: An Admonition to his Brethren by a Russian Jew
(New York 1906).

173.
  
Quoted in Walter Laqueur,
Weimar: A Cultural History 1918-1933
(London 1974).

174.
  
Elon,
op. cit
., 114.

175.
  
Pierre van Passen, ‘Paris 1891-5: A Study of the Transition in Theodor Herzl’s Life’, in Meyer W. Weisgal (ed.),
Theodor Herzl, Memorial
(New York 1929).

176.
  
Der Judenstaat: Versuch einer modernen Loesung der juedischen Frage
(Vienna 1896); H. Abrahami and A. Bein,
The Editions of the Jewish State by Theodor Herzl
(New York 1970).

177.
  
Elon,
op. cit
., 142-7.

178.
  
Ibid
., 175ff.

179.
  
For Nordau see A. and M. Nordau,
Max Nordau
(trans., London 1943).

180.
  
I had the privilege of addressing an international congress of Zionists and Christians from this same platform in August 1985.

181.
  
Chaim Weizmann,
Trial and Error
(London 1949), 71.

182.
  
Elon,
op. cit
., 186.

183.
  
His
Tagebücher
, trans. Harry Zohn, ed. R. Patai, were published New York 1960.

184.
  
Elon,
op. cit
., 379-80.

185.
  
Sanders,
op. cit
., 29-30.

186.
  
Ibid
., 37-8.

187.
  
Elon,
op. cit
., 405-6, 397.

188.
  
Ibid
., 237.

189.
  
Marmorstein,
op. cit
. 60-70.

190.
  
Quoted in I. Domb,
Transformations
(London 1958), 192-5.

191.
  
Quoted in Marmorstein,
op. cit
., 71-2.

192.
  
Quoted in
ibid
., 79-80.

193.
  
T. Levitan,
The Laureates: Jewish Winners of the Nobel Prize
(New York 1906); see list of Jewish Nobel prizewinners in
Encyclopaedia Judaica
, xii 1201-2.

194.
  
Frederick V. Grunfeld,
Prophets Without Honour
(London 1979), 10.

195.
  
For Cohen see Cohen,
op. cit
., 70ff.; Alexander Altmann, ‘Theology in Twentieth-century Jewry’, in
Essays in Jewish Intellectual History
.