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42.
Marx,
op. cit
., 38-41.
43.
Guide of the Perplexed
, 2:45; Alexander Altmann, ‘Maimonides and Thomas Aquinas: Natural of Divine Prophecy’, in
Essays in Jewish Intellectual History
(Brandeis 1981).
44.
Ecclesiastes 7:24.
45.
‘Free Will and Predestination in Saadia, Bahya and Maimonides’, in Altmann,
op. cit
.
46.
Quoted in H. H. Ben Sasson (ed.),
A History of the Jewish People
(trans., Harvard 1976), 545.
47.
Shir Hasherim Rabbah 2:14; quoted in
ibid
.
48.
Quoted in Beryl Smalley,
The Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages
(Oxford 1952), 78.
49.
Norman Golb, ‘Aspects of the Historical Background of Jewish Life in Medieval Egypt’, in Altmann,
op. cit
., 1-18.
50.
Samuel Rosenblatt (ed.),
The Highways to Perfection of Abraham Maimonides
(New York 1927), i Introduction.
51.
S. D. Goitein, ‘Abraham Maimonides and his Pietist Circle’, in Altmann,
op. cit
., 145-64.
52.
Some scholars think Philo himself was a mystic and dealer in symbols. Cf. E. R. Goodenough,
Jewish Symbols in the Graeco-Roman Period
, 12 vols (New York, 1953-68).
53.
For kabbalah, see G. Scholem’s article in the
Encyclopaedia Judaica
,
X
489-653, and his
Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism
(New York 1965).
54.
‘Moses Narboni’s “Epistle on Shi’ur Qoma”’, in Altmann,
op. cit
., 228-31; G. Scholem,
Jewish Gnosticism, Merkabah Mysticism and Talmudic Tradition
(2nd edn, New York 1965), 36-42.
55.
R. Kaiser,
Life and Times of Jehudah Halevi
(New York 1949).
56.
Goitein,
A Mediterranean Society
, ii The Community, 241-5; 255-64.
57.
Ibid
., iii The Family, 17-35.
58.
Ibid
., 46.
59.
Meyer Waxman,
Judaism: Religion and Ethics
(New York 1958), ‘Marriage’, 113ff.
60.
Goitein,
A Mediterranean Society
, iii 209-11.
61.
Waxman,
op. cit
., 118 footnote.
62.
Goitein,
A Mediterranean Society
, iii 50.
63.
Malachi 2:16.
64.
Goitein,
A Mediterranean Society
, iii 260ff.
65.
Yevamot, 14, 1.
66.
Goitein,
A Mediterranean Society
, iii 352.
67.
Ibid
., ii 211.
68.
Ibid
., 148-60.
69.
Waxman,
op. cit
., 32-6.
70.
Ibid
., 108ff.; Goitein,
A Mediterranean Society
, ii 225.
71.
Waxman,
op. cit
., 112.
72.
Mattenot Aniyim 9:3; quoted in Israel S. Chipkin, ‘Judaism and Social Welfare’, in Louis Finkelstein (ed.),
The Jews
, 2 vols (London 1961), i 1043-76.
73.
Baba Batra 8a.
74.
Quoted in Goitein,
A Mediterranean Society
, ii 142.
75.
Baba Batra 110a; Pesahim 113a; quoted in Chipkin,
op. cit
., 1067.
76.
Goitein,
A Mediterranean Society
, ii 138-42, and appendices
A, B, C
.
77.
Ibid
., ii 287.
78.
Ibid
., ii 279.
79.
B. Blumenkranz,
Juifs et Chrétiens dans le monde occidental
430-1096 (Paris 1960).
80.
Quoted in Cecil Roth, ‘The Medieval Conception of “The Unbelieving Jew”’, in
Personalities and Events
.
81.
A. M. Haberman (ed.),
Massacres of Germany and France
(Jerusalem 1946).
82.
Ibid
., 94; quoted in Ben-Sasson,
op. cit
.
83.
Cecil Roth,
The Jews of Medieval Oxford
(Oxford 1951), 83.
84.
Nikolaus Pevsner and John Harris,
The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire
(Harmondsworth 1964), 158-9.
85.
V. D. Lipman,
The Jews of Medieval Norwich
(London 1967).
86.
Cecil Roth,
Intellectual Activities of Medieval English Jewry
(British Academy, London 1949), 65, gives list of doctors.
87.
Lipman,
op. cit
., ch. 6, 95-112.
88.
Augustus Jessop and M. R. James (eds),
The Life and Miracles of St William of Norwich by Thomas of Monmouth
(Cambridge 1896).
89.
Lipman,
op. cit
., 54.
90.
Roth,
Personalities and Events
, 62-6, and his
The Ritual Murder Libel and the Jews
(London 1935); see also G. I. Langmuir,
Speculum
(1972), 459-82.
91.
Ralph de Diceto,
Imagines Historiarum
, ii 78, quoted in Lipman,
op. cit
.
92.
Roth,
Personalities and Events
, 61-2.
93.
Lipman,
op. cit
., 59-64.
94.
Roth’s book on ritual murder prints the refutation by Pope Clement
XIV
in 1759.
95.
Richard W. Emery,
The Jews of Perpignan
(New York 1959), ch. 4.
96.
M. D. Davis,
Shetaroth: Hebrew Deeds of English Jews Before
1290 (London 1888), 298ff, quoted in Lipman,
op. cit
., 88; Lipman prints a number of debtbonds and quit-deeds, 187ff.
97.
Quoted in Lipman,
op. cit
.
98.
Ibid
., 68.
99.
H. G. Richardson,
English Jewry under the Angevin Kings
(London 1960), 247-53; 127-73.
100.
J. W. F. Hill,
Medieval Lincoln
(London 1948), 217-22.
101.
Richardson,
op. cit
., 184-6: M. Adler,
Jews of Medieval England
(London 1939).
102.
Ibid
., 313-33.
103.
Solomon Grayzel,
The Church and the Jews in the Thirteenth Century
(New York, new edn 1966), 108.
104.
‘The People and the Book’, in Cecil Roth,
Personalities and Events
, 174-5.
105.
‘The Medieval University and the Jew’, in
ibid
., 91ff.
106.
Translated, 1933,
My Life as German and Jew
.
107.
Jeremy Cohen,
The Friars and the Jews: The Evolution of Medieval Anti-Semitism
(Cornell 1982), 14.
108.
Ibid
., 242.
109.
Pierre Mandonnet,
St Dominic and His Work
(trans., St Louis 1944), 61.
110.
Cohen,
op. cit
., 13.
111.
A. G. Little, ‘Friar Henry of Wadstone and the Jews’,
Collecteana franciscana
11 (Manchester 1922), 150-7; quoted in Cohen,
op. cit
.
112.
Quoted in Ben Sasson,
op. cit
.
113.
Encyclopaedia Judaica
, iv 1063-8; P. Ziegler,
The Black Death
(London 1969).
114.
See map in
Encyclopaedia Judaica
, iv 1066, for towns where atrocities occurred.
115.
Hyam Maccoby (ed. and trans.),
Judaism on Trial: Jewish-Christian Disputations in the Middle Ages
(New Jersey 1982).
116.
Quoted in Grayzel,
op. cit
., 241, note 96.
117.
Quoted in Maccoby,
op. cit
., 32.
118.
Ibid
., 25ff.
119.
Quoted in Ben Sasson,
op. cit
., 557-8.
120.
Maccoby,
op. cit
., 54.
121.
Cecil Roth, ‘The Disputation at Barcelona’,
Harvard Theological Review
, xliii (1950).
122.
Martin A. Cohen, ‘Reflections on the Text and Context of the Disputation at Barcelona’,
Hebrew Union College Annual
(1964); Y. Baer,
A History of the Jews in Christian Spain
, 2 vols (trans., Philadelphia 1961-6), i 150-62.
123.
Maccoby,
op. cit
., 50.
124.
Quoted in Gershom Scholem,
Sabbatai Sevi: The Mystical Messiah
1626-76 (trans., London 1973), 12.