Authors: Martha Hodes
On
the end of the Confederacy
, see Stephanie McCurry,
Confederate Reckoning: Power and Politics in the Civil War South
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2010); Paul F. Paskoff, “Measures of War: A Quantitative Examination of the Civil War’s Destructiveness in the Confederacy,”
Civil War History
54 (2008), 35–62; Jason Phillips,
Diehard Rebels: The Confederate Culture of Invincibility
(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2007); Anne Sarah Rubin,
A Shattered Nation: The Rise and Fall of the Confederacy, 1861–1868
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005); Wolfgang Schivelbusch,
The Culture of Defeat: On National Trauma, Mourning, and Recovery
, trans. Jefferson Chase (London: Granta, 2001); Stephen V. Ash,
When the Yankees Came: Conflict and Chaos in the Occupied South, 1861–1865
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995); Drew Gilpin Faust, “Altars of Sacrifice: Confederate Women and the Narratives of War,”
Journal of American History
76 (1990), 1200–1228; Gaines M. Foster,
Ghosts of the Confederacy: Defeat, the Lost Cause, and the Emergence of the New South
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1987); and David Herbert Donald, “A Generation of Defeat,” in
From the Old South to the New: Essays on the Transitional South
, ed. Walter J. Fraser Jr. and Winfred B. Moore Jr. (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1981), 3–20. On
the fall of Richmond and Confederate surrender,
see Elizabeth R. Varon,
Appomattox: Victory, Defeat, and Freedom at the End of the Civil War
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2014); Joan Waugh, “‘I Only Knew What Was in My Mind’: Ulysses S.
Grant and the Meaning of Appomattox,”
Journal of the Civil War Era
2 (2012), 307–36; Nelson Lankford,
Richmond Burning: The Last Days of the Confederate Capital
(New York: Viking Penguin, 2002); Jay Winik,
April 1865: The Month That Saved America
(New York: HarperCollins, 2001); J. Tracy Power,
Lee’s Miserables: Life in the Army of Northern Virginia from the Wilderness to Appomattox
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998); and Ernest B. Furgurson,
Ashes of Glory: Richmond at War
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1996). On
Lincoln in Richmond,
see Richard Wightman Fox, “‘A Death-Shock to Chivalry, and a Mortal Wound to Caste’: The Story of Tad and Abraham Lincoln in Richmond,”
Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
33 (Summer 2012), 1–19; and Richard Wightman Fox, “Lincoln’s Practice of Republicanism: Striding through Richmond, April 4, 1865,” in
The Living Lincoln
, ed. Thomas A. Horrocks et al. (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2011), 131–51. On
the Sherman-Johnston negotiations,
see Mark L. Bradley,
This Astounding Close: The Road to Bennett Place
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000); and Craig L. Symonds,
Joseph E. Johnston: A Civil War Biography
(New York: W. W. Norton, 1992). See also Eric Rauchway, “What Did Lincoln Say to Sherman at City Point?” Chronicle Blog Network,
Chronicle of Higher Education
, April 9, 2008, chronicle.com/blognetwork/edgeofthe west/2008/04/09/what-did-lincoln-say-to-sherman-at-city-point. On
oaths of allegiance,
see Bradley R. Clampitt, “‘Not Intended to Dispossess Females’: Southern Women and Civil War Amnesty,”
Civil War History
56 (2010), 325–49; and Harold Melvin Hyman,
Era of the Oath: Northern Loyalty Tests during the Civil War and Reconstruction
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1954). On
the post-Appomattox nation,
see Gregory P. Downs,
After Appomattox: Military Occupation and the Ends of War
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2015); and Michael Vorenberg,
The Appomattox Myth: Struggling to Find the End of the American Civil War
, forthcoming. On
the departure of freedpeople and the search for family,
see Sydney Nathans,
To Free a Family: The Journey of Mary Walker
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2012); Yael A. Sternhell,
Routes of War: The World of Movement in the Confederate South
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2012); Heather Andrea Williams,
Help Me to Find My People: The African American Search for Family Lost in Slavery
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012); and Leon F. Litwack,
Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979). On
the Grand Review,
see Gary W. Gallagher,
The Union War
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2011). On
the Fourth of July,
see Matthew Dennis,
Red, White, and Blue Letter Days: An American Calendar
(Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2002); and Leonard I. Sweet, “The Fourth of July and Black Americans in the Nineteenth Century: Northern Leadership Opinion within the Context of the Black Experience,”
Journal of Negro History
61 (1976), 256–75.
By a 2011 count, there were fewer than ten books about Lincoln’s assassination written by professional historians out of ten dozen such books (Edward Steers Jr., review of Bill
O’Reilly and Martin Dugard,
Killing Lincoln: The Shocking Assassination That Changed America Forever
, in
North and South: The Official Magazine of the Civil War Society
13 [November 2011], 61). On
Lincoln’s assassination,
see Richard Wightman Fox,
Lincoln’s Body: A Cultural History
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2015); Thomas A. Bogar,
Backstage at the Lincoln Assassination: The Untold Story of the Actors and Stagehands at Ford’s Theatre
(Washington, D.C.: Regnery History, 2013); Frederick Hatch,
Protecting President Lincoln: The Security Effort, the Thwarted Plots and the Disaster at Ford’s Theatre
(Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2011); Harold Holzer et al., eds.,
The Lincoln Assassination: Crime and Punishment, Myth and Memory
(New York: Fordham University Press, 2010); Edward Steers Jr.,
The Lincoln Assassination Encyclopedia
(New York: Harper Perennial, 2010); James L. Swanson,
Manhunt: The Twelve-Day Chase for Lincoln’s Killer
(New York: HarperCollins, 2006); Thomas Goodrich and Debra Goodrich,
The Darkest Dawn: Lincoln, Booth, and the Great American Tragedy
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005); Michael W. Kauffman,
American Brutus: John Wilkes Booth and the Lincoln Conspiracies
(New York: Random House, 2004); Elizabeth D. Leonard,
Lincoln’s Avengers: Justice, Revenge, and Reunion after the Civil War
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2004); Edward Steers Jr.,
Blood on the Moon: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2001); Richard Bak,
The Day Lincoln Was Shot: An Illustrated Chronicle
(Dallas, Tex.: Taylor, 1998); Carolyn L. Harrell,
When the Bells Tolled for Lincoln: Southern Reaction to the Assassination
(Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1997); Don E. Fehrenbacher, “The Death of Lincoln,” in Fehrenbacher,
Lincoln in Text and Context: Collected Essays
(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1987), 164–77; Dorothy Meserve Kunhardt and Philip B. Kunhardt Jr.,
Twenty Days: A Narrative in Text and Pictures of the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln and the Twenty Days and Nights That Followed
(North Hollywood, Calif.: Newcastle, 1985); William Hanchett,
The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies
(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983); Thomas Reed Turner,
Beware the People Weeping: Public Opinion and the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1982); and George S. Bryan,
The Great American Myth: The True Story of Lincoln’s Murder
(1940; reprint, Chicago: Americana House, 1990). See also Bill O’Reilly and Martin Dugard,
Killing Lincoln: The Shocking Assassination That Changed America Forever
(New York: Henry Holt, 2011), in tandem with Edward Steers Jr.’s review in
North and South: The Official Magazine of the Civil War Society
13 (November 2011), 61–63. And see the in-progress online collection of primary sources (created too late for my research), “Remembering Lincoln: A Digital Collection of Responses to His Assassination,” Ford’s Theatre, Washington, D.C.,
fords.org/remembering-lincoln
.
For books on other topics that treat the assassination in some depth, see John McKee Barr,
Loathing Lincoln: An American Tradition from the Civil War to the Present
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2014); John R. Neff,
Honoring the Civil War Dead: Commemoration and the Problem of Reconciliation
(Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2005); William C. Harris,
Lincoln’s Last Months
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004); Barry Schwartz,
Abraham Lincoln and the Forge of National
Memory
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000); Merrill D. Peterson,
Lincoln in American Memory
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1994); and Michael Davis,
The Image of Lincoln in the South
(Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1971).
For biographies and other books about Lincoln that treat the assassination briefly, see Eric Foner,
The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2010); Catherine Clinton,
Mrs. Lincoln: A Life
(New York: HarperCollins, 2009); Ronald C. White Jr.,
A. Lincoln: A Biography
(New York: Random House, 2009); Michael Burlingame,
Abraham Lincoln: A Life
, 2 vols. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008); Richard Carwardine,
Lincoln: A Life of Purpose and Power
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2006); Doris Kearns Goodwin,
Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005); William E. Gienapp,
Abraham Lincoln and Civil War America
(New York: Oxford University Press, 2002); and David Herbert Donald,
Lincoln
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995).
For related articles, see Chandra Manning, “The Shifting Terrain of Attitudes toward Abraham Lincoln and Emancipation,”
Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
34 (Winter 2013), 18–39; Thomas P. Lowry, “Not Everybody Mourned Lincoln’s Death,” in
The Lincoln Assassination: Crime and Punishment, Myth and Memory
, ed. Harold Holzer et al. (New York: Fordham University Press, 2010), 95–114; Justin Carisio, “‘Every Soul Shudders’: Delaware Reacts to Lincoln’s Death,”
Delaware History
32 (2008), 171–86; Steven J. Ramold, “‘We Should Have Killed Them All’: The Violent Reaction of Union Soldiers to the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln,”
Journal of Illinois History
10 (2007), 27–48; Jeffry D. Wert, “‘A Silent Gloom Fell upon Us Like a Pall,’”
Civil War Times
44 (January 2006), 50–56; Roger Platizky, “Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination in Victorian England and America,”
Lamar Journal of the Humanities
27 (2002), 23–31; Roger L. Rosentreter, “‘Our Lincoln Is Dead,’”
Michigan History Magazine
84 (March/April 2000), 28–39; James Marten, “‘I Think It’s Just as Mean as It Can Be’: Northern Children Respond to Lincoln’s Assassination,”
Lincoln Herald
101 (1999), 117–21; Trevor K. Plante, “The Shady Side of the Family Tree: Civil War Union Court-Martial Case Files,”
Prologue
30 (Winter 1998), archives.gov/publications/prologue/1998/winter/union-court-mar tials.html; Mark H. Dunkelman, “Alas! He Is Gone,”
Lincoln Herald
94 (1992), 46–48; Barry Schwartz, “Mourning and the Making of a Sacred Symbol: Durkheim and the Lincoln Assassination,”
Social Forces
70 (1991), 343–64; Barry Schwartz, “The Reconstruction of Abraham Lincoln,” in
Collective Remembering
, ed. David Middleton and Derek Edwards (London: Sage, 1990), 81–107; John M. Barr, “The Tyrannicide’s Reception: Responses in Texas to Lincoln’s Assassination,”
Lincoln Herald
91 (1989), 58–64; Don E. Fehrenbacher, “The Anti-Lincoln Tradition,” in Fehrenbacher,
Lincoln in Text and Context: Collected Essays
(Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1987), 197–213; R. L. Reid, “Louisiana and Lincoln’s Assassination: Reactions in a Southern State,”
Southern Historian
6 (1985), 20–27; Allan Peskin, “Putting the ‘Baboon’ To Rest: Observations of a Radical Republican on Lincoln’s Funeral Train,”
Lincoln Herald
79 (1977), 26–28; Lowell H. Harrison, “An Australian Reaction to Lincoln’s Death,”
Lincoln Herald
78 (1976), 12–17; Kathe van Winden, “The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln: Its Effect in California,”
Journal of the
West
4 (April 1965), 211–30; James P. Jones, “‘Lincoln’s Avengers’: The Assassination and Sherman’s Army,”
Lincoln Herald
64 (1962), 185–90; Martin Abbott, “Southern Reaction to Lincoln’s Assassination,”
Abraham Lincoln Quarterly
7 (1952), 111–27; Bell Irvin Wiley, “Billy Yank and Abraham Lincoln,”
Abraham Lincoln Quarterly
6 (1950), 103–20; and [Editorial Department], “The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln,”
Annals of Iowa
4 (1900), 467–68.
On
Ford’s Theatre,
see Patrick O’Brien, “Ford’s Theatre and the White House,”
White House History
30 [n.d.], 23–33. On
Henry Rathbone and Clara Harris,
see Mark E. Neely Jr.,
The Abraham Lincoln Encyclopedia
(New York: McGraw Hill, 1982), 256–57; and [no author], “Major Rathbone and Miss Harris: Guests of the Lincolns in the Ford’s Theatre Box,”
Lincoln Lore
1602 (August 1971), 1–3; and see Thomas Mallon’s wonderful historical novel
Henry and Clara
(New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1994). On
William Seward,
see Walter Stahr,
Seward: Lincoln’s Indispensable Man
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 2012). On
the trial and fates of the conspirators,
see Elizabeth D. Leonard,
Lincoln’s Avengers: Justice, Revenge, and Reunion after the Civil War
(New York: W. W. Norton, 2004); and Elizabeth D. Leonard, “Mary Surratt and the Plot to Assassinate Abraham Lincoln,” in
The War Was You and Me: Civilians in the American Civil War
, ed. Joan E. Cashin (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2002), 286–309. Arguing for an official Confederate conspiracy, see William A. Tidwell,
April ’65: Confederate Covert Action in the American Civil War
(Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1995), and William A. Tidwell et al.,
Come Retribution: The Confederate Secret Service and the Assassination of Lincoln
(Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1988). On
the 1861 attempt to assassinate Lincoln,
see Daniel Stashower,
The Hour of Peril: The Secret Plot to Murder Lincoln before the Civil War
(New York: Minotaur, 2013).