Ostkrieg (103 page)

10
. Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 302–6; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 709–13; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 78–80; Bock,
War Diary
, 16 December 1941, 395.

11
. Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 306–7; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 714–15, 723–24; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 80–83; Bock,
War Diary
, 16–18 December 1941, 394–98.

12
. Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 306–8; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 715–16; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 82–83; Bock,
War Diary
, 10 December 1941, 387.

13
. Halder,
War Diary
, 7, 20 December 1941, 582, 593; Bock,
War Diary
, 13, 16–19 December 1941, 392, 394–99; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 85–87; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 311; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 716–20; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 451–54; Hartmann, “Verbrecherischer Krieg—verbrecherische Wehrmacht?” 59–60; “Fernschreiben des Wehrmachtsführungsstabs vom 21.12.1941,” in Schramm, ed.,
Kriegstagebuch
, 21 December 1941, 1, pt. 2:1085.

14
. Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 85–87; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 311; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 716–20; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 454–55; Guderian,
Panzer Leader
, 264–68.

15
. Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 88–90; Mawdsley,
Thunder in the East
, 121–22.

16
. Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 90–92; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 310, 331 n. 67.

17
. Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 311–14; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 720–22; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 94–100; Guderian,
Panzer Leader
, 270.

18
. Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 314–16; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 722–23; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 100–104.

19
. Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 118–20; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 317–23; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 725–26; Halder,
War Diary
, 2–3, 5 January 1942, 597–99.

20
. Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 120–34; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 322–24; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 726–28. On 1 January, both the Third and the Fourth Panzergruppen were made armies.

21
. Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 120–34; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 322–24; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 726–28.

22
. Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 134–42; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 346–48; Hoffmann, “The Conduct of the War through Soviet Eyes,” 919–28.

23
. Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 349–50; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 728–29; “Führerbefehl an die H.Gr.Mitte vom 15. Januar 1942 zum Rückzug auf die ‘Winterstellung,' ” in Schramm, ed.,
Kriegstagebuch
, 2, pt. 4:1268–69.

24
. Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 143–72; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 350–55; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 728–34.

25
. Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 172–77; Mawdsley,
Thunder in the East
, 123–24.

26
. Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 172–77; Mawdsley,
Thunder in the East
, 123–24.

27
. Mawdsley,
Thunder in the East
, 125–26; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 173–98; Klink, “The Conduct of Operations,” 734–51.

28
. Mawdsley,
Thunder in the East
, 126–27, 129–36; Ziemke and Bauer,
Moscow to Stalingrad
, 194–98, 257–60; Müller, “The Failure of the Economic ‘Blitzkrieg Strategy,' ” 1141–72.

29
. Mawdsley,
Thunder in the East
, 119, 127–29, 146–48.

30
. Ibid., 123–24; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 317, 365–67, 381–82; Overmans,
Deutsche militärische Verluste
, 277–78. Monthly German deaths on the Eastern Front in late 1941/early 1942 were 40,198 in December, 48,165 in January, 44,099 in February, 44,132 in March, and 23,066 in April, compared to an average monthly loss from June to November 1941 of 43,716.

31
. Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 367–70, 372 n. 19, 373 n. 35; Müller, “The Failure of the Economic ‘Blitzkrieg Strategy,' ” 1180–82.

32
. Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 367–70, 372 n. 19, 373 n. 35; Schüler, “The Eastern Campaign,” 220–21; Müller, “The Failure of the Economic ‘Blitzkrieg Strategy,' ” 1182–87. On the importance of Lend-Lease for the Soviets, see Sokolov and Glantz, “The Role of Lend-Lease.”

33
. Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 375–78; Schramm, ed.,
Kriegstagebuch
, 15 May 1945, 4, pt. 2:1503; Schramm,
Hitler
, 161;
TBJG
, 15 February, 20 March 1942; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 455–57, 500–501, 504–6.

34
. Fritzsche,
Life and Death in the Third Reich
, 4–5; Jochmann, ed.,
Monologe im Führerhauptquartier
, 25 January 1942, 228–29;
TBJG
, 14 February 1942.

35
. Friedländer,
Nazi Germany and the Jews
, 2:333–37;
TBJG
, 27 March 1942; Klemperer,
I Will Bear Witness
, 28 April 1942, 45.

36
. Hilberg,
The Destruction of the European Jews
, 1:386–90; Jäger's report of 9 February 1942, in Friedlander and Milton, eds.,
Archives of the Holocaust
, 22:177 (doc. 82).

37
. Gerlach, “The Wannsee Conference,” 800–802; Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 414–15.

38
. Gerlach, “The Wannsee Conference,” 803–4, and
Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord
, 181–210; Browning,
The Origins of the Final Solution
, 416–21;
TBJG
, 27 April, 24, 30 May 1942; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 510, 516, 520–23.

39
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 513–16; Overy,
War and Economy in the Third Reich
, 261, 303–11; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 398–99; Mazower,
Hitler's Empire
, 294–95.

40
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 513–16; Overy,
War and Economy in the Third Reich
, 261, 303–11; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 398–99; Mazower,
Hitler's Empire
, 294–95; Herbert,
Hitler's Foreign Workers
, 35, 100–111.

41
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 516–18; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 499; Mazower,
Hitler's Empire
, 298–307; Streit, “Sowjetische Kriegsgefangene,” 755–57; Müller, “Die Zwangsrekrutierung von ‘Ostarbeitern,' ” 773–78. See also Herbert,
Hitler's Foreign Workers
, 146–62, and “Labour and Extermination”; Spoerer,
Zwangsarbeit;
Homze,
Foreign Labor in Nazi Germany;
Kroener, “The Manpower Resources of the Third Reich,” 1090–93.

42
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 518–23; Herbert,
Hitler's Foreign Workers
, 143–50; Müller, “Menschenjagd,” 92–103, and “Die Rekrutierung sowjetischer Zwangsarbeiter für die deutsche Kriegswirtschaft,” 234–50 (here 236); Spoerer,
Zwangsarbeit
, 222–23; Keller and Otto, “Das Massensterben der sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenene”; Spoerer,
Zwangsarbeit
, 131, 229.

43
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 524–37; Gerlach, “German Economic
Interests,” 218–29; Herbert, “Labour and Extermination,” 165–80, 182, 192–93, and
Hitler's Foreign Workers
, 137–252; Longerich,
Politik der Vernichtung
, 476; Pohl,
Von der “Judenpolitik” zum Judenmord
, 110–29; Spoerer,
Zwangsarbeit
, 227–28; Browning,
Ordinary Men
, xv. See also Allen,
The Business of Genocide
, 1–77; Kaienburg,
Die Wirtschaft der SS
, 114–38, 434–35; Schulte,
Zwangsarbeit und Vernichtung
, 103–25, 392–94; Aly and Heim,
Architects of Annihilation
, 174–214.

44
. Overy,
War and Economy in the Third Reich
, 261, 274–91; Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 538–40.

45
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 540–44; Herbert,
Hitler's Foreign Workers
, 189; Corni and Gies,
Brot, Butter, Kanonen
, 562–64;
TBJG
, 10 February 1942, 16–20 March 1942; Steinert,
Hitler's War
, 156–57; Boberach, ed.,
Meldungen aus dem Reich
, 2, 19, 22–23, 26, 30 March, 2, 9, 13 April 1942; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 506–7, 510–11; Friedländer,
Nazi Germany and the Jews
, 2:336. Speer claimed that Hitler continually worried about the possibility of a revolt by a disaffected population, along the lines of November 1918. See Speer,
Inside the Third Reich
, 214.

46
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 540–44; Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord
, 182–237, 245–57, and “German Economic Interests”; Aly,
Hitler's Beneficiaries
, 169–70. See also Aly and Heim,
Architects of Annihilation
, 215–52.

47
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 545–48; Gerlach,
Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord
, 175, 192–97, 210–37, 245–57; Müller, “Das ‘Unternehmen Barbarossa' als wirtschaftlicher Raubkrieg,” 190, and “The Failure of the Economic ‘Blitzkrieg Strategy,' ” 1186–87; Aly and Heim,
Architects of Annihilation
, 242–48; Aly,
Hitler's Beneficiaries
, 170–73; Mazower,
Hitler's Empire
, 284–86.

48
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 547–48; Mazower,
Hitler's Empire
, 284–87.

49
. Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 386–87, 401–2; Müller, “The Mobilization of the German Economy,” 652–721, 758–73.

50
. Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 388–90; Müller, “The Mobilization of the German Economy,” 754–73; Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 349–53, 508–9, 560; Overy,
War and Economy in the Third Reich
, 343–56.

51
. Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 390, 395; Müller, “The Mobilization of the German Economy,” 773–74; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 502–3.

52
. Overy,
War and Economy in the Third Reich
, 356–57; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 396–97; Müller, “The Mobilization of the German Economy,” 773–86, and “Albert Speer und die deutsche Rüstungspolitik,” 281–98; Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 558–64; Buchheim, “Unternehmen in Deutschland,” 369–71.

53
. Overy,
War and Economy in the Third Reich
, 358–64, 370–71; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 397; Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 562–63, 566–67, 576–77; Müller, “The Mobilization of the German Economy,” 773–86.

54
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 553–56, 566–77; Boberach, ed.,
Meldungen aus dem Reich
, 23 April 1942; SD Reports of 14, 28 May 1942, in Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 554;
TBJG
, 9 May 1942.

55
. Tooze,
The Wages of Destruction
, 588–89; Harrison, ed.,
The Economics of World War II
, 15–16; Harrison,
Soviet Planning in Peace and War
, “Resource Mobilization for World War II,” and “The Volume of Soviet Munitions Output”; Overy,
Russia's War
, 154–56, 161–67, 223–34, and
Why the Allies Won
, 180–90; Sokolov and Glantz, “The Role of Lend-Lease.” On the Soviet home front, see Barber and Harrison,
The Soviet Home Front
.

56
.
TBJG
, 20 March 1942; Kershaw,
Hitler: Nemesis
, 494–95.

57
.
TBJG
, 20 March 1942; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 423–24; Wegner,
“Vom Lebensraum zum Todesraum,” 17–18, and “The War against the Soviet Union,” 843–44, 858, 861; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 22; Halder,
War Diary
, 28 March 1942, 612.

58
.
TBJG
, 20 March 1942; Reinhardt,
Moscow—the Turning Point
, 423–24; Wegner, “Vom Lebensraum zum Todesraum,” 17–18, and “The War against the Soviet Union,” 843–44, 858, 861; Halder,
War Diary
, 28 March 1942, 612; Citino,
Death of the Wehrmacht
, 157–65; Hayward,
Stopped at Stalingrad
, 23–25; Glantz,
To the Gates of Stalingrad
, 12–15.