Read The Rational Animal: How Evolution Made Us Smarter Than We Think Online
Authors: Douglas T. Kenrick,Vladas Griskevicius
Tags: #Business & Economics, #Consumer Behavior, #Economics, #General, #Education, #Decision-Making & Problem Solving, #Psychology, #Cognitive Psychology, #Cognitive Psychology & Cognition, #Social Psychology, #Science, #Life Sciences, #Evolution, #Cognitive Science
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Index
Abernathy, Ralph,
24
Accuracy issue,
77–79
Aché tribe,
36
Ackerman, Josh,
166
Adaptive behavior
accuracy and,
77–78
biases and,
76
exploiting,
185–186
indicator of,
10
and life history strategies,
119
,
132
,
135
and loss aversion,
46
,
47
See also
Evolutionary challenges, the need to solve
Advertising
and changing preferences,
27–30
exploitation in,
188
and marketing strategies,
190–194
and stable preferences,
26
Advertising Age
(magazine),
196
Affiliation subself
ancestral problem of,
107–108
and compatibility between subselves,
49
described,
36–37
,
212
erasing errors by engaging,
113–114
fulfilling the needs of, spending on,
189
hierarchy of needs and,
43
mating effort and,
122
others exploiting,
186
parasites of,
199
and rules of the game,
60–64
somatic effort and,
122
Wason task and,
107
,
108
See also specific aspects related to the
affiliation subself
Age factors.
See
Childhood
;
Children
;
Men
;
Teenagers/young adults
;
Women
AIDS epidemic,
165
American culture,
144–145
Animals, people as, view focusing on.
See
Evolutionary psychologist perspective
Aniston, Jennifer,
169
Assumptions, avoiding,
209–210
Auditory looming,
78
Authority ranking,
64–65
Automobile culture,
149
Bachelor, The
(television show),
180
Bachelorette, The
(television show),
180
Bad judgment.
See
Errors/mistakes
Bankruptcy,
117–118
,
119
,
136
,
138
Baumeister, Roy F.,
163–164
Beal, Dan,
157
Beautiful young women, men’s preference for,
167–169
,
170
,
171
,
173
Beauty products and regimes, women’s spending on,
175–176
Becker, Vaughn,
34
Behavior
mystery of,
215–216
predicting,
16
,
46
See also
Adaptive behavior
Behavioral economist perspective
as both right and wrong,
9
contributions of, and suggestions to improve upon,
214
lesson about,
209–210
of man as irrational, described,
4–7
rational economists versus,
6
,
7
theory lacking in,
16
See also specific ideas/concepts of behavioral economists
Behavioral immune system,
83–84
Belsky, Jay,
134
Bias
assumptions about, avoiding,
209–210
being born with, benefits of,
93–94
calculated,
82
clustering illusion,
6–7
and the different subselves,
45
,
73
evolutionary view of,
10
,
11
false consensus,
76
gambler’s fallacy,
6
,
7
hindsight,
6
,
7
intentional, reason for,
76
,
78
loss aversion,
5
,
9–11
,
45–48
overconfidence,
77
,
91–93
,
94
,
123
perceived as irrational,
5
,
6–7
,
9
ultimate reasons for, perspective providing,
16
,
20
See also
Errors/mistakes
;
Subselves
Bissoon, Lionel,
126
Bowerbird displays,
152–154
,
155
Brain mass,
77
Brain programming,
31–32
Brain size,
40
Brin, Sergey,
127
Bringing Down the House
(Mezrich),
167
Bryan, Angela,
83
Burrell, Stanley.
See
MC Hammer
Business
aggressiveness in,
127
market economics and, problem with,
68–69
See also
Corporate economics
;
Family businesses
Buss, David,
178
Cameron, James,
92
Causes of behavior.
See
Proximate reasons
;
Ultimate reasons
Changing preferences,
27–29
,
34
,
39–40
,
46
,
47–48
Charlson, John,
130
Cheater detection problem,
108–109
Chen, Keith,
9
Childhood
environment during, influence of, on life history strategy,
134–137
,
138–140
,
140–141
imprints from, surfacing of, times most likely for,
138–139
Children
birth of, and testosterone levels,
125
equality matching and,
62
fast versus slow strategies in,
128
,
136–137
inclusive fitness and,
57
somatic effort and,
122
talking versus writing and,
99–100
violent environments and,
134
Churchland, Patricia,
78
Cialdini, Robert “Bob,”
28
,
154
,
196
Clinton, Bill,
65
Clustering illusion,
6–7
Cognitive biases.
See
Bias
Communal sharing,
62
See also
Kinship game
Computer analogy,
31–32
Con men,
186
,
188
,
201–203
,
204
,
209
Conditional logic, testing,
106–107
,
108–109
Confidence
bias involving,
77
,
91
,
92–93
,
94
,
123
essentialness of,
91–92
Conflict, negotiating through, different approaches to,
51–53
,
59
Consensus bias, false,
76
Conspicuous conservation,
149
Conspicuous consumption
cultural explanation of,
144–145
described, and examples of,
143–144
different version of,
148–150
fast versus slow strategies and,
156–157
human history of,
145–146
mate-acquisition subself and,
154–155
,
156–157
,
158
,
159
,
174
multiple explanations for,
150–151
people’s own explanations for,
146–148
proximate reasons for,
158–159
sex differences in,
154–155
,
159
,
182–183
status subself and,
143–144
,
148–150
,
151
ultimate reasons for, exploring,
151–157
,
158
,
159
utility explanation of,
146
Conspicuous displays, reasons for,
152–154
,
155
,
157
Consumer Reports
(magazine),
143
,
149
,
150
Consumerism.
See
Conspicuous consumption
Corporate economics
described,
55–56
home economics versus,
59–60
See also
Market economics
Cosmetic surgery,
175
Costello, Frank,
16
Counterfeit drugs,
201
Craig, Daniel,
215
Curse of the Kennedys
(Grady),
2
,
4
Dangerous environments, influence of, on life history strategy,
134
,
140
Dating guides,
89
Dating standards,
164
David, Larry,
147
Davis, Mike,
126
De Fraja, Gianni,
146
Death rates.
See
Mortality levels/rates
DeBruine, Lisa,
70–71
See also
Bankruptcy
Deception, experts at,
203
See also
Parasitism
Decision making
alternate view of,
2–3
blinded by the modern world,
114–115
divisive debate over,
2
,
7
,
8
exercising control over,
212–213
most popular view of,
4
,
209–210
taking time for, to avoid exploitation,
204–205
Deep rationality.
See
Evolutionary psychologist perspective
Defense and offense, importance of both,
86
Delaying gratification.
See
Slow strategy
Demand and supply, sexual,
179–182
Desire, manufactured, through marketing,
196–197
Developmental pyramid, climbing the,
42–44
,
122
Developmental stages,
121–125
“Diamond is forever” slogan,
196–197
Diamond rings,
163
,
167
,
195–199
,
204
,
213
Diaz, Cameron,
147
DiCaprio, Leonardo,
147
,
149–150
,
208
Dingley, Nicholas “Razzle,”
138
Disease-avoidance subself
described,
34–36
,
212
fulfilling the needs of, spending on,
189
hierarchy of needs and,
43
mating effort and,
123
parasites of,
199
,
199–201
,
201–203
parenting effort and,
125
pathogen detection system of,
83–84
,
93
and the response to genetically modified food,
85–86
somatic effort and,
122
See also specific aspects related to the
disease-avoidance subself