The Wars of Watergate (129 page)

17.
Frost, “
I Gave Them a Sword
”, 223, 254; Nixon,
Memoirs
, 2:135.

18.
Helms Interview, July 14, 1988; Helms to Author, July 28, 1988.

19.
Ehrlichman Notes, July 10, 1972, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 12, NP.

20.
Dean to John Nesbit, April 19, 1973, SSF, Box 113;
PPPUS:RN, 1972
, Press Conference, August 29, 1972, 872.

21.
Ehrlichman Notes, July 31, August 3, 1972, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 12, NP; August 11, September 2, 5, 7, 14, 1972,
ibid.
, Box 13, NP.

22.
Nixon,
Memoirs
, 2:176–77; Haldeman Notes, September 15, 1971, Haldeman Papers, Box 46, NP; Haldeman Interview, May 4, 1973, SSC Records, NA.

23.
The transcript prepared by the Special Prosecutor has this reference to Democratic senators. Curiously, it was omitted in the House Judiciary Committee’s version.

24.
TT, the President, Dean, and Haldeman, September 15, 1972 (5:27
P.M.
–6:17
P.M.
),
U.S. v. M
, NA. For Dean’s account, see
Blind Ambition
, 135–39, 143.

25.
NYT
, September 15, 26, 1972; Gladys Engel Lang and Kurt Lang,
The Battle for Public Opinion: The President, the Press, and the Polls During Watergate
(New York, 1983), 27–29.

26.
U.S. Capitol Historical Society, Albert Interview (October 5, 1976), 37–38.

27.
Lewis Interview, July 14, 1986.

28.
“Chronology,” HBC Papers. Maurice Stans,
The Terrors of Justice
(Chicago, 1984), 194–95; for Brown’s role, see SSC,
Hearings
, 5:2182–2207.

29.
WP
, September 2, 6, 9, 1972.

30.
Patman to Kenneth Parkinson, September 11, 1972, HBC Papers.

31.
Patman to Committee, September 12, 1972; “Chronology,” HBC Papers; Stans,
Terrors of Justice
, 196.

32.
Mollenhoff,
Game Plan for Disaster
, 229.

33.
Minutes, October 3, 1972, HBC Papers.

34.
Reuss Interview, May 15, 1985; Lewis Interview, July 14, 1986; SSC,
Hearings
, 3:1183–89, 5:2199–2204.

35.
Minutes, October 3, 1972, HBC Papers; Reuss Interview, May 15, 1985; Lewis Interview, July 14, 1986.

36.
Marjorie Boyd, “The Watergate Story: Why Congress Didn’t Investigate Until After the Election,”
Washington Monthly
, April 1973, 37, 41–45; Lewis Interview, July 14, 1986.

37.
Will Wilson to J. Edgar Hoover, November 16, 1970, Hoover to Henry Petersen, December 9, 1970,
ibid.
, January 27, 1972, Brasco File, FBI Papers;
New York Daily News
, December 3, 1973;
NYT
, March 22, 1978; Lewis Interview, July 14, 1986.

38.
WP
, October 3, 4, 1973; Reuss Interview, May 15, 1985;
Grand Rapids Press
, June 21, 1973; Brown’s statement in SSC,
Hearings
, 5:2182–87; Brown Interview, October 7, 1987; Jerald F. terHorst,
Gerald Ford and the Future of the Presidency
(New York, 1974), 167;
Frankfort State Journal
, June 3, 1973.

39.
Demetracopoulos Interview, July 16, 1988. FBI Director William Webster to Congressman Benjamin Rosenthal, June 8, August 2, 1982; Rosenthal to Vincent Burke (Riggs National Bank), April 19, 1982; Thomas Wren (Riggs National Bank) to Demetracopoulos, September 16, 1985; documents courtesy of Demetracopoulos. FBI reports in Demetracopoulos’s possession, released in 1986, demonstrate that twelve general indexes in the New York Field Office file on Wright Patman and Demetracopoulos had been “destroyed.” Congressman Rosenthal’s investigation in 1982 was in effect the last congressional investigation of the Watergate affair.

40.
Los Angeles Times
, October 20, 1976; Mollenhoff,
Game Plan for Disaster
, 236; terHorst,
Gerald Ford
, 163, 166; Holtzman to Levi, October 18, 1976, Levi to Holtzman, October 20, 1976, Lynch Papers (courtesy of Stephen Lynch); Gerald Ford,
A Time to Heal: The Autobiography of Gerald R. Ford
(New York, 1979), 427.

41.
Patman to Elmer B. Staats, October 4, 1972; Patman to Sirica, October 5, 1972, HBC Papers.

42.
Minutes, October 12, 13, 1972, HBC Papers.

43.
Dean,
Blind Ambition
, 144; Nixon,
Memoirs
, 2:212.

44.
Lewis Interview, July 23, 1985; Ervin to Patman, June 25, 1973, HBC Papers.

45.
Stans to Nixon, October 5, 1972, NPF, Box 15, NP.

46.
WP
, October 29, 1972. David Halberstam,
The Powers That Be
(New York, 1979), has an excellent account of the
Post
’s coverage, including the charge that publisher Katherine Graham worried about the paper’s reputation at the time of the election (676).

47.
Ehrlichman Notes, July 20, 1972, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 6, NP.

48.
Ehrlichman Notes, November 20, 1972, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 13, NP;
ibid.
, November 29, 1971, Box 6, NP; Nixon to Connally, July 24, 1972, Haldeman Papers, Box 162, NP.

49.
Haldeman Notes, October 4, 1972, Haldeman Papers, Box 46, NP; Dent Interview, September 24, 1986; Mitchell to Nixon, November 27, 1972, NPF, Box 12, NP. Theodore H. White,
The Making of the President, 1972
(New York, 1973), 341–47, has some useful electoral data.

50.
Haldeman Notes, October 11, 14, 15,
et passim
, Haldeman Papers, Box 46, NP; Nixon to Haldeman, November 15, 1972, Haldeman Papers, Box 179, NP.

51.
George McGovern,
An American Journey: The Presidential Campaign Speeches of George McGovern
(New York, 1974), 232–33.

52.
Haldeman Talking Paper to Colson, March 7, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 179, NP; Ehrlichman Notes, December 18, 1972, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 13, NP. Stans,
Terrors of Justice
, 198, typically blamed Dean for the cover-up. The same line was pursued with greater venom in Ehrlichman’s and Kleindienst’s memoirs.

53.
Dean to Haldeman, December 1, 1972, with marginal notes of May 2, 1973, done by Bruce Kehrli or Kenneth Cole, SSF, Box 113, NP; Haldeman Interview, May 4, 1973, SSC Papers, NA.

54.
Bull Interview, May 7, 1987.

55.
TT, Telephone Conversation, the President and Colson, March 21, 1973 (7:35
P.M.
–8:24
P.M.
),
WP
, May 1, 1977;
FBI Watergate Investigation: OPE Analysis
(July 5, 1974), 61, FBI Papers.

1.
NPF, n.d., Box 187, NP;
PPPUS:RN
, April 30, 1973, 328–33. The inadequacy of press coverage of Watergate was first publicized in Ben H. Bagdikian, “Election Coverage ’72: The Fruits of Agnewism,”
Columbia Journalism Review
, January/February 1973, 9:23.

2.
Buchanan to Nixon, December 8, 1972, Haldeman Papers, Box 230, NP; H. R. Haldeman,
The Ends of Power
(New York, 1978), 230; Garment to Haldeman, January 19, 1973, Garment MS, LC; Garment Interview, May 29, 1985.

3.
Nixon to Ehrlichman/Ken Cole, December 28, 1972, Haldeman Papers, Box 162, NP; Haldeman Notes (“exhausted volcano”), September 16, 1972, Haldeman Papers, Box 46, NP.

4.
Haldeman Notes, November 8, 1972, Haldeman Papers, Box 46, NP; Richard Nathan,
The Plot That Failed
(New York, 1975), 8, 63, 68–69; Vernon Walters,
Silent Missions
(New York, 1978), 604; Thomas Powers,
The Man Who Kept the Secrets: Richard Helms and the CIA
(New York, 1979); Helms Interview, July 14, 1988. The White House view is reflected in Haldeman,
Ends of Power
, 169–80, and John D. Ehrlichman,
Witness to Power
(New York, 1982), 363. Ehrlichman, whose own power would have been greatly aggrandized if Nixon had been successful, is uncharacteristically reticent and perfunctory on the subject.

5.
Richard Nixon,
RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon
(paperback ed., New York, 1979), 2:275–79.

6.
Colson to Ehrlichman, November 29, 1972, Colson Papers, Box 7, NP; Colson to Nixon, November 27, 1972, Haldeman Papers, Box 14, NP.

7.
“The New Majority,” c. March 8, 1973, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 68, NP. The document appears to be the product of White House aide Ken Clawson or Ehrlichman.

8.
Haldeman Notes, November 17, 1972, Haldeman Papers, Box 46, NP; Nixon,
Memoirs
, 2:285.

9.
Ehrlichman Notes, August 3, 1972, Box 6, NP; Haldeman Notes, November 13, 1972, Haldeman Papers, Box 46, NP; Ehrlichman to Nixon, December 7, 1972, Haldeman Papers, Box 14, NP; Webster to Author (telephone conversation), August 4, 1987.

10.
Haldeman Notes, November 13, 16, 1972, Haldeman Papers, Box 46, NP; February 10, 1973,
ibid.
, Box 47, NP; Ehrlichman Notes, November 27, December 8, 1972, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 13, NP.

11.
Ehrlichman Notes, November 14, 16, 17, 22, 24, 30, December 7, 13, 18, 1972, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 13, NP.

12.
Ehrlichman Notes, January 4, 1974, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 14, NP; Haldeman Notes,
January 16, February 8, 13, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 47, NP; Ehrlichman,
Witness to Power
, 156.

13.
Ehrlichman Notes, December 11, 1972, Ehrlichman Papers, Box 13, NP; TT, the President and Dean, February 28, 1973 (9:12
A.M.
–10:23
A.M.
), HJC,
Transcripts of Eight Recorded Presidential Conversations
, 41.

14.
Haldeman Notes, January 27, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 47, NP.

15.
Haldeman Notes, January 8, 9, 12, February 10, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 47, NP; Johnson to Nixon, November 8, 1972, “Post-Presidential Name File,” LBJ Library.

16.
TT, Dictabelt Recording of Howard Hunt and Charles Colson, November 1972,
U. S. v. M
, NA; John Dean,
Blind Ambition
(New York, 1976), 146.

17.
Memorandum, November 14, 1972, copy in Jaworski MS, Baylor University (also exhibit in
U. S. v. Mitchell
);
NYT
, November 4, 1974; Dean,
Blind Ambition
, 181.

18.
Haldeman Notes, November 15, 1972, Haldeman Papers, Box 46, NP; Moore Interview, December 5, 1987; Dent Interview, September 24, 1986; Herbert G. Klein,
Making It Perfectly Clear
(New York, 1980), 278–79.

19.
Silbert to WFO, December 10, 1972, SA, Chicago to Acting Director, December 11, 1972, FBI Watergate Files; Chicago Field Office to Ruckelshaus, June 6, 1973, FBI United Airlines Crash Files; NTSB Report, NTSB Papers, United Airlines Crash; TT, the President, Dean, and Haldeman, March 21, 1973 (10:12
A.M.
–11:55
A.M.
),
U.S. v. M
, NA.

20.
TT, the President and Colson, January 8, 1973 (4:05
P.M.
–5:43
P.M.
),
U.S. v. M
, NA, with additional material quoted in
WP
, May 1, 1977; TTs, February 13, 14, 1973, quoted in David Frost,
“I Gave Them a Sword”: Behind the Scenes of the Nixon Interviews
(New York, 1978), 232–34, 248;
WP
, January 7, 1973; Haldeman Notes, March 9, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 47, NP.

21.
TT, Nixon and John Dean, February 28, 1973 (9:12
A.M.
–10:23
A.M.
), HJC,
Transcripts of Eight Recorded Presidential Conversations
, 19–46; Haldeman Notes, February 5, 25, March 9, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 47, NP.

22.
George V. Higgins, “The Judge Who Tried Harder,”
Atlantic
, April 1974, 90.

23.
John J. Sirica,
To Set the Record Straight
(New York, 1979), 61–90.

24.
Petersen to Patman, January 11, 1973, HBC Papers.

25.
Harry McPherson,
A Political Education
(Boston, 1972), 34.

26.
Sam Ervin,
The Whole Truth: The Watergate Conspiracy
(New York, 1980), 19.

27.
Congressional Record
, 93 Cong., 1 Sess. (February 6, 7, 1973), 3550–3851,
et passim.

28.
Haldeman Notes, February 11, 1973, March 12, 1973, Box 47, NP.

29.
SSC,
Hearings
(June 25, 1973), 3:984.

30.
Minutes
, May 9, 1974, SSC Records, NA.

31.
Higby to Haldeman, February 10, 1973, Haldeman Papers, Box 110, NP; Haldeman Notes, February 26, 1973,
ibid.
, Box 47, NP.

32.
John J. Sirica,
To Set the Record Straight
(New York, 1979), 17–41.

33.
Harvey Katz, “Some Call It Justice,”
Washingtonian
, September 1973, 128–29;
WP
, December 24, 1972;
NYT
, December 20, 1972.

34.
Houston Chronicle
, July 20, 1986, citing Sirica’s remarks in preparation for his retirement.

35.
SSC,
Hearings
, 1:196.

36.
Sirica,
To Set the Record Straight
, 91–116; TT, the President and Haldeman, March 20, 1973 (6:00
P.M.
–7:10
P.M.
),
U.S. v. M
, NA; Dean,
Blind Ambition
, 212; Petersen Interview, August 23, 1985; TT, Telephone Conversation, Ehrlichman and Kleindienst, March 28, 1973, HJC,
Statement of Information
, 4 (Part I): 406–08.

37.
Sirica,
To Set the Record Straight
, 117–27.

38.
Sirica,
To Set the Record Straight
, 116, 108; Richard Kleindienst,
Justice
(Ottawa, IL, 1985), 154; Silbert Diary.