Heinrich Himmler : A Life (172 page)

21
. BAB, NS 19/2065; see also Karl Heinz Roth, ‘“Generalplan Ost”—“Gesamtplan Ost”. Forschungsstand, Quellenprobleme, neue Ergebnisse’, in Mechthild Rössler (ed.),
Der ‘Generalplan Ost’. Hauptlinien der nationalsozialistischen Planungs- und Vernichtungspolitik
(Berlin, 1993), 25–95, at 74 f.

22
. BAB, NS 19/2065, 23 March 1942.

23
. Doc. R-129, in
IMT
, vol.. 38, pp. 362 ff.; cf. Walter Naasner,
Neue Machtzentren in der deutschen Kriegswirtschaft 1942–1945. Die Wirtschaftsorganisation der SS, das Amt des Generalbevollmächtigten für den Arbeitseinsatz und das Reichsministerium für Bewaffnung und Munition, Reichsministerium für Rüstung und Kriegsproduktion im nationalsozialistischen Herrschaftssystem
(Boppard a. Rh., 1994), 269.

24
. Doc.R-129, in
IMT
, vol. 38, pp. 365 ff.; Roth, ‘“Generalplan Ost”’, 77.

25
. Steinbacher,
‘Musterstadt’
, 276 f.; see also below p.563.

26
. See Hermann Kaienburg, ‘Jüdische Arbeitslager an der “Straße der SS”’,
1999
, 1(1996), 13–39. On the Galician section of Transit Road IV see Sandkühler,
‘Endlösung’
, 41 ff.; Pohl,
Ostgalizien
, 338 ff. Himmler inspected Transit Road IV in August 1942.

27
.
Dienstkalender
.

28
. See in particular,
Lublin
, 13 ff., and also David Silberklang, ‘Die Juden und die ersten Deportationen aus dem Distrikt Lublin’, in Bogdan Musial (ed.),
‘Aktion
Reinhardt’. Der Völkermord an den Juden im Generalgouvernement 1941–1944
(Osnabrück 2004), 41–164.

29
. Pohl,
Lublin
, 18 ff.; Silberklang, ‘Juden’, 50 ff.; Musial,
Zivilverwaltung
, 254 ff.

30
.
Tagebücher Goebbels
. A testimony by Eichmann reveals that at this point Globocnik’s task was to murder the Jews of the district who were ‘incapable of work’. According to Eichmann, after the mass murder had begun Globocnik sought permission from Heydrich to murder a further 150,000, probably 250,000 (
The Trial of Adolf Eichmann: Record of Proceedings in the District Court of Jerusalem
, vol. 7 (Jerusalem, 1995), 240). The testimony of Josef Oberhauser, the adjutant of the commandant of Belzec, Christian Wirth, of 10 November 1964 points in the same direction (StA München, I 110 Ks 3/64, vol. 14, pp. 2918 ff.); see Pohl,
Lublin
, 25 f.

31
. Pohl,
Ostgalizien
, 79 ff.

32
. On the third wave of deportations see in particular Eichmann’s express letter of 31 January 1942 (doc. PS-1063, published in Longerich (ed.),
Ermordung
, 165 f.) and also the minutes of the meeting of 9 March 1943 (Eichmann trial, doc. no. 119, published in ibid. 167 f.).

33
. Longerich,
Politik
, 485 f., also Gottwaldt and Schulle,
‘Judendeportationen’
, 137 ff. Four transports ended in the Warsaw ghetto (ibid. 167 ff.).

34
.
Dienstkalender
, 20 October 1941. The editors cite a declaration by Mach of 26 March 1942 to the Slovakian state council, from which the German offer is clear.

35
. On this and on the sequence of the deportations see Ladislav Lipscher,
Die Juden im slowakischen Staat 1939–1945
(Munich and Vienna, 1980), 99 ff.; Raul Hilberg,
Die Vernichtung der europäischen Juden. Die Gesamtgeschichte des Holocaust
(Frankfurt a.M., 1990), 766; Yehoshua Büchler, ‘The Deportation of Slovakian Jews to the Lublin District of Poland in 1942’,
Holocaust and Genocide Studies
, 6 (1991), 151–66.

36
. Robert-Jan van Pelt and Déborah Dwork,
Auschwitz. Von 1270 bis heute
(Zurich and Munich, 1998), 335 ff.; Czech,
Kalendarium
, for example, provides evidence for the gassing on 12 May 1942 of 1,500 Jewish men, women and children from Sosnowitz in Bunker I.

37
. PAA, Büro StSekr, vol. 2, published in
ADAP
, Series E, vol. 2, no. 93.

38
. Longerich,
Politik
, 496.

39
. Büchler, ‘Deportation’, 153 and 166, also Czech,
Kalendarium
.

40
. Büchler, ‘Deportation’, 155 ff.

41
. The notes kept by the Personal Staff do not indicate what was discussed at these meetings. The only exception is Himmler’s presentation to Hitler of 3 May: the notes by Himmler that survive lead one to infer that the Waffen-SS was discussed, but also other, non-military matters that Himmler did not note in detail (
Dienstkalender
, 415, note 6).

42
. BAB, NS 19/3899, note by Himmler of the same day about this ‘meeting’ (also IfZ, NG 3333).

43
.
VOGG
1942, 263 f., Führer decree concerning the creation of a state secretariat for security in the General Government; Eisenblätter, ‘Grundlinien’, 247 ff.

44
.
VOGG
1942, 321 ff., decree concerning the transfer of responsibilities to the state secretary for security; cf. Pohl,
Ostgalizien
, 204 f. Krüger was already RKF appointee but had apparently had to share his powers with Frank.

45
. Yitzhak Arad,
Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps
(Bloomington, 1987), 37 ff.

46
. Pohl,
Lublin
, 20 ff. On Sobibor see Schelvis,
Sobibór
.

47
. Steinbacher,
‘Musterstadt’
, 285 f.

48
. Arad,
Belzec
, 387 f.

49
. Longerich,
Politik
, 48 ff.; Gottwaldt and Schulle,
‘Judendeportationen’
, 237 ff.

50
. On this the reports of a Sonderkommando for special tasks set up by a Waffen-SS battalion are available:
Unsere Ehre
, 236 ff.

51
. Lucjan Dobroszycki (ed.),
The Chronicle of the Lodz Ghetto, 1941–1944
(New Haven, 1984), 53 f., 56 f., 59 ff., and 194.

52
. This can certainly be assumed in the case of three transports that left the Reich between 13 and 15 June 1942; it is, however, possible that in the first half of the month several transports ended in the extermination camp (Gottwaldt and Schulle,
‘Judendeportationen’
, 211 ff.).

53
. On 18 May half of a group of about 800 people, who a few days before had been deported from Theresienstadt to Siedliszcze, were taken to Sobibor along with Polish Jews and murdered there; see Gottwaldt and Schulle,
‘Judendeportationen’
, 206; Peter Witte, ‘Letzte Nachrichten aus Siedliszce. Der Transport Ax aus Theresienstadt in den Distrikt Lublin’, in
Theresienstädter Studien und Dokumente
(1996), 98–113.

54
. Gottwaldt and Schulle,
‘Judendeportationen’
, 215 ff., on three transports that arrived in Sobibor between 15 and 19 June. It is possible that the same happened to two further transports from Theresienstadt that reached the Lublin district on 15 and 16 (ibid. 211 ff.). In addition, the authors provide a series of indications, though not very solid ones, that three deportation trains from the Reich either went straight to Sobibor or that the passengers were finally murdered there after only a few days’ stop on the way (ibid. 215 ff.).

55
. Büchler, ‘Deportation’, 153 and 164.

56
. ZStL, Dok.UdSSR 401, published in Klein (ed.),
Einsatzgruppen
, 410 f.

57
. Dieter Wisliceny, one of Eichmann’s closest colleagues, claimed on one occasion when questioned that he had seen a written order from Himmler to Heydrich in which Himmler, on Hitler’s command, had ordered the total annihilation of all Jews unfit for work. This order—according to Wisliceny’s recollection it dated from 1942—could be another version of the order of 18 May 1942 or it could be the ‘general’ order mentioned there that underlay Himmler’s order of 18 May (
Trial
, vol. 9, Jerusalem, 1995, doc. no. 85, testimony by Wisliceny, 14 November 1945).

58
. Gruner,
Arbeitseinsatz
, 291 ff.; Adler,
Mensch
, 216 ff.

59
.
Tagebücher Goebbels
, 30 May 1942; see also Gruner,
Arbeitseinsatz
, 298 ff.

60
. This visit was reconstructed by the court in the course of the Heuser trial, see
Justiz und NS-Verbrechen
, vol. 19 (Amsterdam, 1978), no. 552, judgment of 21 May 1963, p. 192; on the renewed escalation of the murders see the detailed description in Gerlach,
Morde
, 694 ff.

61
. Pohl, ‘Schauplatz’.

62
. On the assassination of Heydrich see Brandes,
Tschechen
, 251 ff.; Guenter Deschner,
Reinhard Heydrich. Statthalter der totalen Macht
(Esslingen, 1977), 273 ff.; Edouard Calic,
Reinhard Heydrich. Schlüsselfigur des Dritten Reiches
(Düsseldorf, 1982), 476 ff.; Hellmut G. Haasis,
Tod in Prag. Das Attentat auf Reinhard Heydrich
(Reinbek beiHamburg, 2002).

63
. Karl Hermann Frank’s minutes of 27 May 1942, cited according to Brandes,
Tschechen
, 254.

64
. Himmler’s telex of 27 May 1942, cited according to ibid. 255.

65
. Ibid. 256; Frank’s notes, published in
Die Deutschen in der Tschechoslowakei
, 474 ff.

66
.
Dienstkalender
; Deschner,
Heydrich
, 297.

67
. Brandes,
Tschechen
, 260 f.; Frank’s notes, published in
Die Deutschen in der Tschechoslowakei
, 474 ff.

68
. On the Lidice massacre see Brandes,
Tschechen
, 262 ff.

69
. Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 515.

70
. Gottwaldt and Schulle,
‘Judendeportationen’
, 213.

71
. On the meetings see
Dienstkalender
, 27, 28, 30, and 31 May, 3, 4, and 5 June 1942.

72
. BAB, NS 19/4009.

73
. Ibid.

74
. The most common spelling Reinhardt (other versions are principally Reinhard and Reinhart) can be explained by the fact that Heydrich himself preferred the form Reinhardt for his first name. Himmler told this to his closest colleagues in a memorial speech for the former RSHA chief; see Richard Breitman and Shlomo Aronson, ‘Eine unbekannte Himmler-Rede vom Januar 1943’,
Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte
, 38 (1990), 337–48. See also Peter Black, ‘Die Trawniki-Männer und die Aktion Reinhard’, in Bogdan Musial (ed.),
‘Aktion Reinhardt’. Der Völkermord an den Juden im Generalgouvernement 1941–1944
(Osnabrück, 2004), 309–52, esp. 308 f.

75
. On the details of the sequence of deportations see Gottwaldt and Schulle,
‘Judendeportationen’
, 260 ff.

76
. CDJC, RF-1217, note on the file, 15 June 1942, published in Klarsfeld,
Vichy
, 379 f.

77
. CDJC, RF-1223, note on the file by Dannecker, 1 July 1942, published in Klarsfeld,
Vichy
, 390 f.

78
. BAB, BDC, SS-O Oberg.

79
. Juliane Wetzel, ‘Frankreich und Belgien’, in Wolfgang Benz (ed.),
Dimension des Völkermords. Die Zahl der jüdischen Opfer des Nationalsozialismus
(Munich, 1991), 105–35, 120 ff.

80
. Klarsfeld,
Vichy
, 412. The quota of 10 per cent decreed by Himmler was in fact vastly exceeded in this first transport: 375 out of 1,000 people fell victim to the selections.