Heinrich Himmler : A Life (176 page)

9
. Frederick B. Chary,
The Bulgarian Jews and the Final Solution 1949–1944
(Pittsburgh, 1972), 69 ff.

10
. Daniel Carp, ‘Notes on the History of the Jews in Greece during the Holocaust Period: The Attitude of the Italians (1941–1943)’, in Michael R. Marrus (ed.),
The Nazi Holocaust: Historical Articles on the Destruction of European Jews
, vol. 5 (Westport, etc., 1989), 731–68, esp. 738 ff.; Browning,
Referat D III
, 136 f. and 140 f.

11
. Klarsfeld,
Vichy
, 122.

12
. Ibid. 122 and 434 ff.

13
. Hirschfeld,
Fremdherrschaft
, 148 ff.

14
. Office of the Foreign Ministry in Brussels, report of 24 September 1942, and Military Commander to Field and Higher Field Headquarters, 25 September 1942, both published in Serge Klarsfeld and Maxime Steinberg (eds),
Die Endlösung der Judenfrage in Belgien. Dokumente
(New York, 1980), 45 ff.

15
. PAA, Inland IIg 182, report from the Brussels Office, 27 November 1942.

16
. Pohl,
Ostgalizien
, 216 ff.

17
.
Dienstkalender
; Pohl,
Ostgalizien
, 220.

18
.
Dienstkalender
.

19
. Ibid. 21 August 1942.

20
. Between 31 August and 3 September 1942 he inspected in particular Wiesbaden, Mainz, Cologne, Düsseldorf, Münster, Osnabrück, Bremen, Hamburg, and Lübeck and conferred amongst others with Gauleiters Bürckel, Sprenger, Grohé, Florian, Wegener, and Kaufmann. On the three building brigades formed from KZ inmates originally envisaged for tasks in the east and on the manufacturing of door- and window-frames see BAB, NS 19/14, instruction to Pohl, 9 September 1942. On 30 September 1942 Himmler had already given
Daluege detailed instructions for the order police to remove air-raid damage, in order, for example, to prevent hoses icing up in the winter (NS 19/3165); see
Dienstkalender
and Karola Fings,
Krieg, Gesellschaft und KZ. Himmlers SS-Baubrigaden
(Paderborn, etc., 2005), 55 ff.

21
. Willi A. Boelcke (ed.),
Deutschlands Rüstung im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Hitlers Konferenzen mit Albert Speer 1942–1945
(Frankfurt a. M., 1969).

22
. See
Dienstkalender
, 22 September 1942, Interview with Hitler: ‘Jewish emigration—how should we proceed further?’ The next topic in Himmler’s notes for the interview was: ‘Settlement of Lublin—Lorrainers, Germans from Bosnia, Bessarabia’ and ‘Conditions in the Gen.Gov.—Globus [Globocnik’s nickname]’. The fact that the ‘emigration’, that is, the murder, of the Jews from the district of Lublin could not be carried out at the speed envisaged by Himmler evidently had immediate repercussions for the settlement projects being pushed by Globocnik.

23
. IfZ, NO 1611.

24
.
VOGG
1942, 665f., 1 November 1942, police decree of 28 October 1942, and 683 ff., 14 November 1942, police decree of 10 November 1942.

25
. IfZ, NO 5194, Korherr report, 23 March 1943.

26
. Doc. PS-3428, in
IMT
, vol. 32, pp. 279 ff., Kube report to the Reich Commissar Ostland, 31 July 1942. See Gerlach,
Morde
, 694 ff.

27
. IfZ, NO 626.

28
. Pohl, ‘Schauplatz’, 160 ff., and Gerlach,
Morde
, 709 ff.

29
.
Reichsführer!
, no.167.

30
. Gerlach,
Morde
, 719 ff.

31
. Pohl, ‘Schauplatz’; Spector,
Holocaust
, 186.

32
. IfZ, NO 3392, published in facsimile in the illustrations section of Fleming,
Hitler
.

33
. Boelcke (ed.),
Deutschlands Rüstung
, 89.

34
.
Tagebücher Goebbels
, 30 September 1942.

35
. BAB, R 22/5029, report by the Justice Minister, 18 September 1942; see also doc. PS-654, in
IMT
, vol. 26, pp. 200 ff.

36
. IfZ, NO 5522; see Orth,
System
, 173.

37
. Klarsfeld,
Vichy
, 161 ff.

38
. CDJC, XXVC-177, message from BdS Knochen to the RSHA, 23 September 1942, published in Klarsfeld,
Vichy
, 469.

39
. Ibid. 474.

40
. Samuel Abrahamsen,
Norway’s Response to the Holocaust
(New York, 1991), 83 ff., Hilberg,
Vernichtung
, 582 ff.

41
. Lipscher,
Juden
, 129 ff.

42
. See various documents signed by Richter and Luther in PAA, Inland IIg 200.

43
. Hilberg,
Vernichtung
, 851 f.

44
. Chary,
Bulgarian Jews
, 72 ff.

45
. See Braham,
Politics
, 287 ff., and Browning,
Referat D III
, 128 ff.

46
. PAA, Inland IIg 208, Himmler to von Ribbentrop, 30 November 1942.

47
. See PAA, Inland IIg 208, Note by Luther for Rademacher, 14 December 1942.

48
. See the comprehensive correspondence between the Missions and Luther from October and November 1942 in PAA, Inland IIg 194, plus further detail in Browning,
Referat D III
, 137 ff.

49
. Himmler’s notes from 11–14 October 1942, published in Helmut Krausnick, ‘Himmler über seinen Besuch bei Mussolini’,
Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte
, 4 (1956), 423–6.

50
. PAA, Inland IIg 194, report from the Zagreb embassy.

51
. Keitel referred to this decision, which cannot be dated exactly in an order of 23 July 1942 (BAB, NS 19/1671). On the assignment of the ‘combating of bandits’ to Himmler in summer 1942 see Gerlach,
Morde
, 921 ff.

52
. IFZ, NO 681, order of 25 June 1942.

53
. Although no details could be gleaned about the carrying out of the ‘action’, the hostage shootings increased during July and August and the arrest of relatives of ‘partisan suspects’ and their subsequent consignment to KZs (or the compulsory adoption of ‘racially valuable’ children) reached a high point in August; see Milan Zevart, ‘Geiselerschießungen im Besatzungsgebiet Untersteiermark (Spodnja Stajerska)’, in Gerhard Jochem and Georg Seiderer (eds),
Entrechtung, Vertreibung, Mord. NS-Unrecht in Slowenien und seine Spuren in Bayern 1941–1945
(Berlin, 2005), 197–205.

54
. BAB, NS 19/1671, Himmler’s order of 28 July 1942. On the previous day, in response to a query, Himmler had told Daluege in telegram style who was responsible for combating bandits: ‘I am myself. In the field the particular Higher SS and Police Leader. For the individual units the commanders who are already available’ (BAB, NS 19/1432).

55
. Himmler’s order of 31 July 1942, published in Rürup (ed.),
Krieg
, 132.

56
. Instruction No. 46, published in Hubatsch (ed.),
Hitlers Weisungen
, 232 ff. According to this, the RFSS was the ‘central agency for the collection and evaluation of all experience acquired in the field of combating bandits’.

57
. BAB, NS 19/1671, minute of 9 July 1942; on the impossibility of carrying it out see Gerlach,
Morde
, 924. On the meeting dealing with the combating of partisans see
Dienstkalender
, 9 July 1942.

58
. Indispensable: anyone who counted as ‘indispensable’ (
unabkömmlich
) did not need to join the Wehrmacht (i.e. was in a reserved occupation).

59
. BAB, NS 19/1671, order concerning an Increase in the Combat Strength of the SS and Police in the General Government and in the Occupied Eastern Territories, 17 August 1942.

60
. Ibid. Himmler’s order to suppress the bandit activity in White Ruthenia and in the district of Bialystok, 7 August 1942, which was based on his order for the crushing of bandit activity in the districts of Upper Carniola and Lower Styria of 25 June 1942 (ibid.).

61
. On the course of the operations see Gerlach,
Morde
, 930 ff. Little is known about ‘Wisent’.

62
. BAB, NS 19/1671, von dem Bach-Zelewski to Himmler, 5 September 1942.

63
.
Dienstkalender
22 September 1942: ‘task for von d. Bach.’ Himmler had met von dem Bach-Zelewski on 9 September 1942 (ibid.).

64
. BAB, NS 19/1671, contains all five edicts, which are dated 23 October 1942.

65
. On von Gottberg see above pp. 346 and 420 f.

66
. On Dirlewanger see above pp. 345 ff.

67
. Gerlach,
Morde
, 928.

68
. See the details of the figures in ibid. 900 f.

69
. BAB, NS 19/1432.

70
. Ibid. Himmler to Sauckel, 9 February 1943; see Gerlach,
Morde
, 996 ff.

71
. Gerlach,
Morde
, 1055 f.

72
. Ibid. 1058 ff.

73
. Piper,
Rosenberg
, 547 f.

74
. BAB, NS 19/1681, minute of 18 November 1942: ‘We must never promise the Russians a nation state.’

75
.
Der Untermensch
, ed. Reichsführer-SS and SS Main Office [Berlin, 1942], 2.

76
. This is explored in detail in Piper,
Rosenberg
, esp. 562 ff. and 587 ff.

77
. BAB, NS 19/1704, 9 April 1942.

78
. Piper,
Rosenberg
, 563 f.

79
. Bohn,
Reichskommissariat
, 113; however, in nineteen cases a pardon was issued.

80
. Ibid. 84 f.

81
. Weber,
Sicherheit
, 115.

82
. Führer edict of 9 March 1942, published in
‘Führer-Erlass’
, no.147.

83
. Kasten, ‘
Franzosen’
, 26 ff.

84
. Ibid. 69 ff.

85
. Meyer,
Besatzung
, 99 ff.

86
. Brandes,
Tschechen
, vol. 2:
Besatzungspolitik, Kollaboration und Widerstand im Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren von Heydrichs Tod bis zum Prager Aufstand (1942–1945)
(Munich and Vienna, 1975), 21 ff.

87
. Naasner,
Machtzentren
, 300 f. Rainer Fröbe, ’Der Arbeitseinsatz von KZHäftlingen und die Perspektive der Industrie 1943–1945’, in Ulrich Herbert (ed.),
Europa und der “Reicheinsatz”. Ausländische Zivilarbeiter, Kriegsgefangene und KZ-Häftlinge in Deutschland 1938–1945
(Essen, 1991), 351–83, shows that KZ prisoners during the whole of 1942 were used primarily for building-work, in part for the construction of industrial sites, but in general not yet for production in factories.

88
. IfZ, NO 569, Saur Minutes; see Schulte,
Zwangsarbeit
, 213f.