11
,
44–61
; foreign persons in,
46
; human trafficking,
45–54
,
55
t
,
60–61
,
122
,
402
; identified trafficking victims,
55
t
; Immigration Bureau,
57
; Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act,
49
,
56–57
,
60
,
61
; immigration law,
48–49
; Industrial Training Program,
11–12
,
50
,
51
,
52
,
61
,
432
; Labor Standards Law,
60
; Law for Punishing Acts Related to Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, and for Protecting Children,
52–53
; migrant workers,
12
,
50–51
,
52
; Minimum Wages Law,
60
; Ministry of Culture, Sports, Science and Technology,
45
; Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA),
45
,
46
; Ministry of Justice,
45–46
; National Action Plan of Measures to Combat Trafficking in Persons,
5
,
11–12
; National Police Agency,
60
; Nikkei,
49–50
; and Palermo Protocol,
4
; Penal Code,
57–58
; sex education,
45
; sex tourists,
83–84
; sex trafficking,
7
,
44
,
46
,
48–49
,
435–36
; Technical Internship Program,
12
,
50
,
51
,
52
,
61
,
432
; temporary foreign workers,
431–32
; trainee programs,
11–12
,
50
,
51
,
52
,
61
,
432
; as transit nation,
53–54
; unemployment,
49–50
; what happens to traffickers,
57–58
,
437
; what happens to victims,
54–57
,
435–36
; Women’s Consulting Offices,
55–56
; work visa loopholes,
8
,
11
,
44–61
Jewish refugees,
161
Jian (former detainee),
257
Jin, James Xu,
261
Jo’burg Child Welfare,
279–80
,
428
Jordan: as destination,
139–40
; displaced persons,
148
; forced labor,
137–38
; human trafficking,
139–40
,
148–49
; refugees,
150
,
156
José Pessoa Group,
423–24
juez de control
(due process judge),
388
juvenile detention centers,
143
,
152–53
Kachin rebels,
79
Kadhimiya women’s prison,
143
,
435
Kaixun, He,
264
Kamolvisit, Chuwit,
85
Kandalaft, Bassem,
94
Kazakhstan,
66–67
,
402
.
See also
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Kellogg Brown & Root (KBR),
113
,
137–38
,
444n1
Kenya,
181
,
273
,
356
Khaira Enterprises Ltd.,
162
,
166
kidnapping,
250
,
378–79
kidney sales,
151
Kitti Brothers Recruitment,
357–58
Komorowski, Bronislaw,
369
Kono, Taro,
44
,
49
koranic students (
almajiris
),
241–42
koranic teachers (marabouts),
241–42
,
246
Kucinich, Dennis,
19
Kuhner, Gretchen,
380–81
,
387
Kumar, Vijay,
222
Kuwait,
137
,
139–40
,
148–49
,
203
Kyi Kyi Thein,
88–89
Kyrgyzstan,
66–67
,
148
,
397–98
.
See also
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
La Strada Foundation Against Trafficking in Persons and Slavery,
356
,
364
,
365
La Strada International,
361
,
362
labor camps,
11
,
77–78
,
228
,
282–83
labor industry,
430
labor inspectors,
430
labor trafficking,
2
,
8–9
,
436–37
; convictions and sentencing for,
125
,
289
,
296–97
,
310–11
,
313–14
,
422–23
; efforts to decrease,
106–8
,
234–35
; prevention methods,
430
; rights of victims,
347–48
; what happens to victims,
343–44
,
435–36
,
436–37
.
See also
forced labor
Labour Rights Promotion Network,
443n3
Lagoa de Cima farm,
424
land rights,
116
Laos: anti-trafficking efforts,
266
; Asia Regional Trafficking in Persons Project,
313
; human trafficking,
76
,
77
,
258
Latin America: child sex tourism,
26–27
; human trafficking,
15
,
46
,
122
,
162
; sex tourism,
181
.
See also specific countries by name
Latvia,
356
Laura (trafficking victim),
322
law enforcement,
41–42
,
60
Lebanon,
139–40
,
148
,
150
,
151
,
156
legal identity,
91–92
Lesotho,
273
,
275–76
,
282–83
,
284
Leyzaola, Julian,
371
Libya: detention camps,
184–85
; human trafficking,
243–44
; Treaty of Friendship, Partnership and Cooperation with Italy,
173–74
,
184–85
,
434
Licence to Rape
,
79
life expectancy,
394
Lista Suja
(Dirty List),
414
,
421–22
,
424–25
Lithuania,
96
,
316
,
356
,
402–4
Livestock and Crop Coast SA,
332
living conditions,
302
loan sharks,
223
,
227
Longfa Shoe Factory,
255
lost castes,
214
Louisiana,
19
Louisiana Labor, LLC,
23
t
,
441n5
Love Thailand Party,
85
Lugo Félix, José Nemesio,
384–85
Macao,
282–83
Macao Special Administration Region,
266
Madagascar,
284
Mairi Nunag-Tañedo et al. v. East Baton Rouge Parish School Board et al
.,
23
t
Makrani, Umer,
201
Al Maktoum, Mohammed bin Rashid,
65
,
70
Malawi,
273
,
276
,
282–83
,
284
Malaysia,
85–86
,
258
,
303
Maldives,
85–86
male trafficking,
8
.
See also
boys; men and boys
Malek, Rahman,
200–201
Mali,
238–39
,
243–44
,
248
Mani Koraou, Hadijatou,
7
,
236
,
239–42
,
247
,
427
Mansour, Abu,
140–41
marabouts (koranic teachers),
241–42
,
246
marginalization: of adult victims,
332–33
; of displaced persons,
128–29
; due to social hierarchy,
213–14
; of indigenous persons,
306
; of male trafficking victims,
103–4
,
296–97
,
349–50
; of stateless persons,
74
; of trafficking victims,
308
,
364–65
; of women and girls,
206–7
,
420
Marian, Iiordan,
186
,
189
Marie (trafficking victim),
238–39
Marín Arango, Luciano (a.k.a. Iván Márquez),
120
,
121
Mark, Michael Lennos,
165–66
Maroni, Roberto,
179–80
,
185
marriage: buyer,
262–63
; early childhood,
237–38
; fictitious or fake,
237
,
341–42
; forced,
95
,
136
,
237
,
262–63
,
276–77
; legal age for,
247
; temporary,
99
,
140
,
149
,
197
,
202
,
204–5
Marriott,
16
Marufov, Yakub,
399–400
Masego, Kgomo,
278
Matsingi, Nando,
274
Maure,
239
Mauritania,
71
Mauritius,
284
McLeod, Fiona,
306
medicine, traditional,
281–82
,
428
;
muti
(or
muthi
) killings for,
2
,
269–70
,
278–82
,
293
Medvedev, Dmitry Anatolyevich,
412
Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation Against Trafficking in Persons in the Greater Mekong Subregion,
266
men and boys: age of criminal responsibility,
205–6
; discrimination against,
8–9
,
435–36
; forced labor of,
178–79
,
219
; trafficking of,
14
,
262–63
,
275–76
; what happens to victims,
345
Metropolis Times
,
252
Mexico: anti-trafficking campaign,
390