; anti-trafficking cooperation,
127
,
390–91
,
425–26
; anti-trafficking efforts,
127
,
384
,
386–91
; anti-trafficking law,
373
,
380–81
,
383–84
,
385
,
388–90
; child labor,
379
; child sex tourism,
379
; corruption,
385
,
387
; criminal codes,
373
,
383
; criminal justice system,
388
; as destination nation,
373–74
,
379–80
; fear factor,
371
; forced labor,
17
,
378–79
; Fund for Protection and Assistance to Victims of Trafficking in Persons Crimes,
389
; General Law to Prevent, Punish and Eradicate Trafficking in Persons Crimes and for the Protection and Assistance of Victims of These Crimes,
373
; High Level Groups on Border Security,
390
; human trafficking,
373–91
; immigration,
382–83
,
387
; Law to Prevent and Sanction Trafficking in Persons,
373
; National Institute of Migration (INM),
380
,
382–83
; National Program to Prevent and Combat Trafficking,
390
; organized crime,
371
,
373–91
; as origin nation,
15
,
22
t
,
23
t
,
46
,
373–74
; and Palermo Protocol,
3–4
; Penal Code,
373
,
389–90
; prostitution,
430–31
; Provictima,
390
; Regional Committee against Trafficking in Persons in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean,
390
; Security and Prosperity Partnership for North America,
390
; sex trafficking,
374
,
428–29
; shelters,
382
; Specialized Prosecutorial Unit for Violent Crimes against Women and Human Trafficking (FEVIMTRA),
382
,
390
; as transit nation,
373–74
,
379–80
; what happens to traffickers,
383–86
; what happens to victims,
380–83
Middle East: forced labor and debt bondage,
226
; human trafficking,
175–76
,
229–30
,
238–39
,
402
.
See also specific countries by name
Midi Ajinalher v. Hamad Alamine and three brothers
,
245
2011 Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking law (Chile),
330–31
,
336–39
migrant workers,
11
,
12
; assistance to,
364
; child farmworkers,
25
; children,
252
,
333
; deportation of,
359
,
434
; domestic workers (
see
domestic servitude);
hukou
migrants,
252
; illegal,
200
; “infiltrators,”
96
.
See also specific countries of interest
migration, forced,
155–56
Migration Legislation Amendment (Worker Protection) Act 2008 (Australia),
312–13
Million Express Manpower, Inc.,
17–18
,
21
t
,
87
mining,
243–44
Mississippi,
19
MNF-I.
See
Multi-National Force–Iraq (MNF-I)
Moldova: human trafficking,
96
,
97
,
162
,
175–76
,
186–87
,
356
,
357
,
397–98
,
400
; sex trafficking,
66–67
.
See also
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Mongolia,
96
,
356
Morocco: human trafficking,
148
,
175–76
,
178–79
,
180
,
186–87
; sex trafficking,
66–67
Morton, John,
40
Motelib, Amal Ahmed Ewisabd,
15
Mozambique: anti-trafficking training,
284
; human trafficking,
273–76
,
286–87
,
288
;
muti
murder,
280
MTV Networks Poland,
361
Multi-National Force–Iraq (MNF-I),
112–13
,
131–32
,
138–39
,
433
Muslims,
79
,
221
,
237
muta’a
(temporary marriage),
140
muti
(or
muthi
) killings or murder,
2
,
269–70
,
276
,
278–82
,
286
,
293
,
428
MV
Sun Sea
,
160
Myanmar (Burma): anti-trafficking efforts,
266
; Asia Regional Trafficking in Persons Project,
313
; human trafficking,
77
,
262
; labor trafficking,
76–78
,
81
; sex trafficking,
303
Al Nahyan, Mohammed bin Zayed,
69
,
70
al-Nahyan, Issa bin Zayed,
443n2
Namibia,
284
Naroua, Soulemayne,
239–40
,
246
,
247
Natasha (sex-trafficking victim),
395
,
402–4
National Action Plan of Measures to Combat Trafficking in Persons (Japan),
5
National Commitment to Improve Labor Conditions in the Sugarcane Industry (Brazil),
423–26
National Consulting and Intervention Centre for Victims of Trafficking (Poland),
356
National Economic Council (Israel),
107–8
National Human Trafficking Resource Center (U.S.),
37
National Institute of Migration (INM) (Mexico),
380
,
382–83
National Intervention-Consultation Center for Victims of Trafficking (Poland),
363
National Liberation Army (ELN) (Colombia),
116
,
118
,
120
,
444n1
National Pact for the Eradication of Slave Labor (Brazil),
424
National Plan of Action (Brazil),
413
National Police Agency (Japan),
60
National Policy and Plan to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor (Thailand),
92
National Policy on Trafficking in Persons (Brazil),
413
National Program to Prevent and Combat Trafficking (Mexico),
390
National Prosecuting Authority of South Africa (NPA),
284
,
288
National Referral Mechanism (NRM) (UK),
319
National Service for Minors (SENAME) (Chile),
334
,
335
,
338–39
National Traditional Healers Organization (South Africa),
278–79
,
428
National Unit of Human Rights (Colombia),
126
Nationality Act (Thailand),
82
Nationality Verification and Granting an Amnesty to Remain in the Kingdom of Thailand to Alien Workers program (Thailand),
92
Nauru,
299–300
Naxalites,
219
Nejloveanu, Bogdan,
325–26
Nejloveanu, Marius,
325–26
Nelson, Barry,
6
Nepal: human trafficking,
229–30
,
234
,
356
; labor trafficking,
63
,
96
,
97
,
113
,
137–38
Netherlands: anti-trafficking efforts,
328
,
425–26
; human trafficking,
140
,
282–83
,
360
,
368
,
417–18
; prostitution,
417–18
,
444n1
; sex industry,
291–92
,
417–18
Nevada,
16
New Democratic Party,
161
New Orleans, Louisiana,
17–18
New Orleans Workers’ Center for Racial Justice (NOWCRJ),
6
New York State: Anti-Trafficking Law,
8–9
,
33–34
,
436
; anti-trafficking movement,
34–35
; labor trafficking,
34–35
; sex trafficking,
34–35
,
375–76
,
436
New Zealand,
402
Newsome, Deatrick Dante,
441n6
Ng, Michael Wai Chi,
167
NGOs.
See
nongovernmental organizations
Nicaragua,
127
,
375
Niger: anti-slavery laws,
240
; anti-trafficking efforts,
247–48
; anti-trafficking law,
236
,
247
; caste system,
239
; child labor,
242
; child trafficking,
241
; constitution,
236
; as destination,
243–44
; education,
248
; forced labor,
241–42
; human trafficking,
178
,
237–44
,
356
; Labor Code,
236
; marriage requirements,
239–40
; minimum age for employment,
242
; Ministry of the Interior,
244
; Order No. 2010-86,
236
; and Palermo Protocol,
3–4
; Penal Code,
236
,
237
,
239
,
246
,
427
; slavery,
7
,
214
,
236–48
,
427–28
; Supreme Court,
240
; as transit nation,
243–44
; what happens to traffickers,
245–46
,
437
; what happens to victims,
244–45
Nigeria: human trafficking,
175–76
,
176–77
,
180
,
186–87
,
195
,
243–44
,
273
,
315–16
; sex trafficking,
341
Nike, Inc.,
255
Nikkei,
49–50
Ning (former child sex slave),
89
,
305–6
Noi (trafficked Thai citizen),
308
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs),
59
,
95
,
284
,
391
.
See also specific organizations
North Africa,
175–76
,
238–39
.
See also specific countries by name