; what happens to traffickers,
153–54
; what happens to victims,
152–53
Syrian Arab Red Crescent Association,
150
Syrian refugees,
156
Taiwan: as destination,
86
; human trafficking,
46
,
162
,
273
,
275–76
; sex trafficking,
303
; visa exemption arrangements,
47
Tajikistan,
66–67
,
201
,
397–99
.
See also
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
Tamil refugees,
159–60
Tamimi, Tayseer,
95
Tampa
,
299–300
Tandja, Mamadou,
236
Tanzania,
66–67
,
273
,
284
,
326
Technical Internship Program (Japan),
12
,
50
,
51
,
52
,
61
,
432
television,
361
Temporary and Permanent Witness Protection Visas (Australia),
307
temporary marriage,
202
;
muta’a
,
140
,
149
;
sigheh
,
197
,
204–5
; Urfi marriage,
99
temporary residence permits (TRPs),
166–67
Temporary Worker Visa Program (Australia),
301–2
,
312–13
terminology,
2
Terra Promessa operation,
360
terrorism,
144
Thai Immigration Authority,
84
Thai Syntax Travel Service,
357–58
Thailand: “alien status,”
75
; anti-trafficking efforts,
84
,
90–91
,
92–93
,
266
; anti-trafficking law,
75–76
,
88
,
90–91
; Asia Regional Trafficking in Persons Project,
313
; Center Against International Human Trafficking,
92
; child sex tourism,
26–27
,
80–85
,
343
; child sex trafficking,
91
; citizenship,
75
; Civil Registration Act,
81
; as destination,
76–80
,
83–84
; Education for All policy,
82
; fishing industry,
78
,
81
; forced labor,
77–81
,
88
; hill tribe people,
73–74
,
75–93
,
431
; human trafficking,
15–16
,
21
t
,
46
,
80–87
,
176
,
258
,
273
,
274
,
286–88
,
305
,
345–46
,
356
,
357–58
,
402
,
445n3
; illegal aliens,
82
; immigrants,
79–80
; labor camps,
77–78
; labor trafficking,
17
,
63
,
96
,
137
; migrant workers,
77
,
79–80
,
81–82
,
92–93
; National Policy and Plan to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labor,
92
; Nationality Act,
82
; Nationality Verification and Granting an Amnesty to Remain in the Kingdom of Thailand to Alien Workers program,
92
; and Palermo Protocol,
4
; Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Women and Children Act,
75–76
; sex industry,
84–85
; sex tourism,
181
; sex trafficking,
303
,
304
; sexual exploitation,
79–80
; shelters,
87–88
; shrimp industry,
77
; stateless persons,
71
,
72
,
75–93
; Transnational Crime Coordination Center,
92
; what happens to traffickers,
90–92
; what happens to victims,
87–90
three P’s—Protection, Prevention and Prosecution,
344
three R’s—Rehabilitation, Reintegration and Redress for victims,
344
Time Warner,
16
Timidria,
239–40
Togo,
186–87
,
243–44
,
248
Toureg,
239
trabalho escravo
(slave labor),
414
,
421
trade unions,
312–13
Traditional Healers’ Association of Mozambique (AMETRAMO),
279
traditional medicine,
281–82
,
428
;
muti
(or
muthi
) killings for,
2
,
269–70
,
278–82
,
293
traditional slavery,
214
,
237
,
239
Trafficked—The Reckoning
,
89–90
,
305–6
trafficking, vs. smuggling,
200–201
.
See also
human trafficking
trafficking body parts,
289–90
;
muti
(or
muthi
) killings for,
2
,
269–70
,
278
,
280–81
,
282
,
286
,
293
.
See also
organ trafficking
Trafficking in Persons Report
(U.S. State Department),
4–5
,
11
,
36
,
45
,
120
,
442n8
Trafficking in Persons Working Group,
211
,
435
trafficking victims: criminalization of,
433–35
,
437
; deportation of,
40–41
,
308
,
320–21
,
359–60
,
407
; estimated numbers,
355
; identification of,
57
,
192
,
264–65
,
283–84
,
318–19
,
344
,
347–48
,
349–50
,
363
; punishment of,
199
; what happens to,
27–31
,
54–57
,
67–68
,
87–90
,
102–4
,
123–25
,
142–43
,
152–53
,
166–67
,
181–82
,
435–37
.
See also
victim assistance
Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act,
113
transgender sex-trafficking victims,
419
transit zones (
zone d’attente
),
174
,
192
Transitional Administrative Law of Iraq,
132
Transnational Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking Teams,
308–9
Travellers,
189
,
318
Trinidad and Tobago,
122
,
127
Tsvetanov, Tsvetan,
188
Turkey: as destination,
139–40
,
200
; displaced persons,
148
; human trafficking,
200
,
203
,
402
,
403–4
; memorandum of understanding with Iran,
199
; refugees,
150
; sex trafficking,
348–49
Turkic (Uighur) ethnic group,
255
Turkmenistan.
See
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
TVPA.
See
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act
U Thein Sein,
79
Uganda: human trafficking,
273
,
315–16
,
356
,
359
; labor trafficking,
137
; sex trafficking,
66–67
Uighur (Turkic) ethnic group,
255
Ujjawala program,
232
UK.
See
United Kingdom
Ukraine: human trafficking,
96
,
97
,
148
,
162
,
175–76
,
195
,
273
,
356
,
357
,
359–60
,
362
,
397–98
,
400
; sex trafficking,
66–67
.
See also
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
ukuthwala
(forced marriage),
276–77
unaccompanied minors,
176
,
186
,
192
,
365
Unaccompanied Refugee Minors program (U.S.),
28
United Arab Emirates (UAE): anti-trafficking efforts,
69–71
,
71–72
; debt bondage,
64
; as destination,
7
,
62
,
86
,
139–40
,
282–83
,
400
; domestic workers,
66
; economic growth,
7
; Federal Law No.
51
,
68–69
,
71–72
; Federal National Council,
70
; forced labor,
62–72
,
228
; human trafficking,
148–49
,
203
; labor camps,
65
; labor inspectors,
70
; migrant workers,
12
,
63
,
432
; Ministry of Interior,
64
,
67–68
; Ministry of Labor,
70
; National Committee to Combat Human Trafficking,
62
; organ trafficking,
151
; and Palermo Protocol,
3–4
; population,
62
; sex trafficking,
62
,
66–67
,
142–43
; temporary foreign workers,
431–32
; what happens to traffickers,
68–69
; what happens to victims,
67–68
; work visa loopholes,
8
,
11
,
62–72
; working conditions,
228
United Kingdom: anti-trafficking efforts,
318–19
,
323
,
327–28
,
328–29
,
434–35
; anti-trafficking organizations,
319–20
; Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants, etc.) Act 2004,
295–96
,